COLORS AND LIGHTS - a compressed presentation of both topic

Types of color scheme, color wheel, lighting in relation with colors , classification of lights, description of light as per source , as per direction of light and also as per funtion of lights in either places light hotels, offices, home etc meant for hotel management students. its mearging colors and lights together to understand the relation between both. also how eyes receive color and identify them like eye have rods and cons which help in receiving and identifying color in different lighting whether is natural or artificial lighting source

1. COLORS Rita Mitra IHM, Kolkata 1

2. 2 WHAT IS COLOR!!! Colour is not just a physiological reaction, a sensation resulting from different wavelengths on receptors in our eyes, but has an effect on our feelings, behaviour, well-being and preferences as well as choices .

3. 3 In interior design, light is a powerful tool that impacts mood, functionality, and perception of space . It encompasses both natural and artificial light sources and plays a crucial role in enhancing a room's aesthetics and creating a desired ambiance.  The retinal cone cells are the photoreceptor cells responsible for color vision , as they are sensitive to bright light and detect the colors of objects.  Rod cells, in contrast, are more sensitive to low light and are used for vision in dim conditions, but they do not detect color. LIGHT

4. 4 PROPERTIES OF COLORS Hue:   The name of the colour Value : The lightness or darkness of hue Saturation or intensity ( chroma ): The purity of hue, brightness or dullness Temperature : The warmth and coolness of hue

5. 5 PROPERTIES OF COLORS Hue:   A hue name is the name of the colour which is used to describe a particular wavelength. The average person can distinguish about 150 colors (hues) of light and everyone can be described using one or two of only six words- Red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. Chromatic: Having hue Achromatic: Without hue Polychromatic: Having many hues Monochromatic: Having one hue only

6. 6 PROPERTIES OF COLORS Achromatic: Without hue Polychromatic: Having many hues Monochromatic: Having one hue only

7. 7 PROPERTIES OF COLORS VALUE Value is concerned with the light and dark properties of colour. All colours exhibit these properties. The hues have a natural value where they look the purest. Some colours, like yellow, are naturally light. Some, like violet, are darker. All hues can be made in all values.

8. 8 PROPERTIES OF COLORS VALUE - TINT, SHADE & TONE

9. 9 PROPERTIES OF COLORS INTENSITY/SATURATION/CHROMA It defines the degree of purity of a hue or the contrast between dull and vivid (bright) .The beginning of a saturation scale is a colour that is hue- intense. The end step is a colour so muted that its hue can just be identified .

10. 10 PROPERTIES OF COLORS Temperature- The temperature of a colour is its relative warmth or coolness. Cool colours contain blue or green: blues, greens, violets, and steps between them. Warm colours are reds, oranges, yellow, and steps between them.

11. The colour wheel is a visual representation of colour theory.  The different types of colour system / wheels are : 11 COLOR WHEEL The Pigment wheel and The Process wheel ( additive and subtractive color) The Munsell system/ wheel The Prang color system/wheel

12. 12 The Pigment wheel and The Process wheel When different proportions of red, green, and blue light enter your eye, your brain is able to interpret the different combinations as different colors. ” ADDTIVE LIGHT- Color is transmitted through transparent media. All colors added together = white. The absence of light = true black . Additive (Light) Color Primaries- Red, green, and blue are the primary colors of light — They can be combined in different proportions to make all other colors. For example, red light and green light added together are seen as yellow light. This additive color system is used by light sources, such as televisions and computer monitors, to create a wide range of colors. COLOR WHEEL

13. 13 Subtractive (Pigment) Color Primaries However, there is another set of primary colors. The primary colors of pigment (also known as subtractive primaries) are used when producing colors from reflected light; for example, when mixing paint or using a color printer. The primary colors of pigment are magenta, yellow, and cyan (commonly simplified as red, yellow, and blue) . Pigments are chemicals that absorb selective wavelengths —they prevent certain wavelengths of light from being transmitted or reflected. Because paints contain pigments, when white light (which is composed of red, green, and blue light) shines on colored paint, only some of the wavelengths of light are reflected COLOR WHEEL

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15. 15 COLOR WHEEL In 1876, Louis Prang (1824 -1909) advanced color wheel theory and developed a color wheel which is commonly known as the Artist's or Prang color wheel . Prang's system was the first workable system to reproduce color in print. The color wheel consists of - Primary colors: Red, Yellow and Blue, between the primary colors. Secondary colors : Orange, Purple and Green. These secondary colors are created by mixing the two primary colors. Tertiary or intermediate color s: are created by mixing a primary and a secondary color. The tertiary colors are: Yellow-Orange, Yellow–Green, Blue-Green, Blue-Violet, Red- Rrange , and Red- Violet.

16. 16 COLOR WHEEL PRIMARY COLORS- RED, YELLOW AND BLUE SECONDARY COLORS- ORANGE, GREEN AND PURPLE/VIOLET TERTIARY COLORS - RED ORANGE, RED PURPLE, BLUE PURPLE, BLUE GREEN, YELLOW GREEN AND YELLOW ORANGE

17. 17 COLOR SCHEMES Polychromatic colours - The term polychromatic means having several colors . It is used to describe light that exhibits more than one color . For e.g. Rich colourful gardens are polychromatic. This type of design can be festive. Monochromatic color - T his color scheme uses only one color from the wheel. It has many values of a single colour. Different tints and shades are used.

18. monochromatic color

19. Analogous color- schemes are also referred to as Harmonious schemes; the colors used are adjacent to each other on the color wheel. Three to six colors are used with one predominating COLOR SCHEMES

20. Complimentary schemes use colors that are opposite on the color wheel, opposites intensify each other. There are several variations of complimentary schemes: Direct compliment –uses pairs exactly opposite such as red and green. COLOR SCHEMES

21. 21 COLOR SCHEMES Double complimentary- would be two pairs exactly opposite such as red and green with blue and orange.

22. Split C omplimentary C olor Split complimentary – the base hue and the two colors on each side of the compliment such as green, red-orange and red-violet.

23. Triadic complementary color Triadic complement – uses three colors equidistant on the wheel such as Red, Yellow and Blue.

24. Tetrad complementary color Tetrad color scheme - The square or rectangle may be rotated at will, with each resulting 4 colors creating new harmonious tetrad color scheme

25. 25 EFFECTS OF COLOR LIGHT COLORS Cool colors are calm and soothing. The lighter palette reflects more light and makes a room feel more expansive. DARK COLORS · The darker hues can make the same room intimate. · To create the illusion of raising a low ceiling, select a paint color that is lighter than the walls. · To make a large floor surface seem smaller, paint or select a floor covering that is darker than the room’s walls. · If you need to shorten a narrow room or a long hallway, paint the end walls in a warmer or darker color than the side walls. · To make a square room seem more interesting, paint one wall a focal or accent color.

26. 26 MOODS EFFECTED BY COLORS

27. 27 lighting and its effects on colors dramatic changes

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31. 31 LUX AND LUMEN One Lux is equal to one lumen P er Square Meter. 1 LUX = 1 Lumen / m2

32. To calculate the total surface area of a room for adequate lighting, you need to sum the areas of the floor, walls, and ceiling, as all surfaces reflect or absorb light. 32 For a rectangular room, this is done by measuring its length (L), width (W), and height ( H) and using the formula: Total Area (TA) = 2(LW) + 2(LH) + 2(WH)*. Calculate the Area of Each Surface: Floor Area (FA): L x W Ceiling Area (CA): L x W Walls Area (WA): 2(L x H) + 2(W x H) Calculate the Total Area: Add the floor, ceiling, and wall areas together: TA = FA + CA + WA. Let's say a room has: Length (L) = 5 meters, Width (W) = 4 meters, and Height (H) = 3 meters . Floor Area: 5m x 4m = 20 m² Ceiling Area: 5m x 4m = 20 m² Walls Area: 2(5m x 3m) + 2(4m x 3m) = 2(15 m²) + 2(12 m²) = 30 m² + 24 m² = 54 m² Total Area: 20 m² + 20 m² + 54 m² = 94 m².

33. 33 Outdoor average sunlight ranges from 32 000 to 1,00,000 lux At sunset and sunrise (with a clear sky), ambient outdoor light is also about 400 lux Moonlight represents about 1 lux

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36. 36 BASED ON SOURCE Classification On the way it is produced – Incandescent/ Filament- light produced by heating tungsten filament   Sealed glass container. fixture and bulb cost is very low. Manufacturer might load nitrogen gas to make the filament glow brighter , releasing larger amounts of light. For e.g. 60W bulb. It produces 700 to 800 lumens

37. 37 GLS (general lighting service) lamps- GLS, which stands for General Lighting Service,  refers to a type of standard, pear-shaped incandescent light bulb designed for general illumination in homes, businesses, and industries Halogen lamps- Same technology as standard incandescent tungsten bulbs. Halogen bulbs get their name from the halogen gas that fills the glass globes. Apart from halogen, these bulbs (or lamps) are sometimes infused with bromine, iodine, or other inert gases. Varieties of incandescent bulbs are:

38. 38 Fluorescent Bulbs- Fluorescent lights are popular in greenhouses because they provide illumination without interfering with your plants’ temperature settings CFL tubes are filled with mercury and other gases. They can last for up to 10,000 hours . They release ‘cool light or ‘blue light ’.  

39. 39 LED BULBS- F irst LED bulb was invented in 1962 by Nick Holonyak Jr. and his colleagues. Instead of using heat to produce light, LEDs use photons. LED chips are far smaller than halogen filaments or tungsten filaments LED chip is a negative diode. When electricity passes through the diode, the electrons release photons. These photons mingle to release light . LEDs emit very little heat. In comparison, incandescent bulbs release 90% of their energy as heat and CFLs release about 80% of their energy as heat . Environmental Science and Technology found that LEDs contain lead, arsenic and a dozen other potentially dangerous substances

40. Classification based on Direction 40

41. Classification based on Function 41 General or Area Lighting- Local or Specific Lighting- Task lighting Accent lighting Safety Lighting-

42. Methods of Lighting 42 Non - Architectural- Ceiling Wall Portable

43. 43 Valance Cornice Cove Track Soffit Architectural lighting-

44. Types of lighting ??? 44 Accent lighting Cornice lighting Semi direct lightin g Task lighting Soffit lighting

45. LIGHTING TIPS IN HOTEL LOBBY 45 The lobby creates the first impression and sets the tone for the entire guest stay. Layered Lighting : Combine different types of lighting Ambient lighting : This is the general lighting providing overall illumination . Utilize recessed lighting or ceiling fixtures for a welcoming glow. Task lighting : Provide focused light for areas like the reception desk, concierge desk , or seating areas for reading and working . Accent lighting : Highlight architectural features, artwork, or plants using spotlights or wall washers . Statement Fixtures : Use chandeliers or large pendant lights as eye-catching focal points to add a sense of grandeur and elegance .

46. 46 Restaurant lighting shapes the dining experience, influencing mood, brand identity, and the appeal of the food. Warm and Inviting Glow : Use warm white lighting to create a cozy and intimate atmosphere. Use pendant lights or chandeliers with dimmer options to adjust the mood throughout the day Task Lighting : Ensure adequate lighting on dining tables, so guests can easily read menus and see their food . Highlighting Features : Use accent lighting to showcase architectural elements or unique design features like a dramatic back bar. Match Lighting to Theme : Tailor the lighting fixtures and effects to match the restaurant's theme and brand identity . Outdoor Dining : If applicable, consider string lights or lanterns to create a magical atmosphere for outdoor dining areas Restaurants

47. Guest Rooms 47 Guest rooms should be a haven of comfort and functionality , with lighting that promotes relaxation and caters to different activities. Layered Lighting : Use a combination of ambient, task, and accent lighting. Ambient Lighting : Recessed down lights, ceiling fixtures, or wall sconces provide general illumination and set the overall mood. Task Lighting : Provide bright, focused lighting for activities like reading in bed, working at a desk, or applying makeup. Use adjustable desk lamps , bedside lamps, or vanity lighting. Bedside lamps with adjustable arms are essential for comfortable reading without disturbing a partner. spotlights, Accent Lighting : Use recessed picture lights, or tabletop accent lamps to highlight artwork or decorative elements.

48. Guest rooms 48 Warm and Soft Lighting : Use warm, soft lighting to create a calming and comfortable environment ideal for relaxation . Individual Control : Ensure that guests have control over the lighting in their rooms, allowing them to adjust brightness levels and create their preferred ambiance. Bedside control panels for easy access. Bathroom Lighting : Provide bright, well-diffused lighting around mirrors for grooming tasks. Use vanity lights on either side of the mirror to minimize shadows . Energy Efficiency : Utilize energy-efficient LED lighting and consider implementing smart controls like motion sensors and automated schedules to conserve energy and reduce costs. LEDs consume significantly less power and have a longer lifespan compared to traditional bulbs.