Common_Hematological_and_Infectious_Conditions_in_Pregnancy.pptx

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1. Title Slide Common Hematological and Infectious Conditions in Pregnancy Prepared by: [Your Name] Institution: [Your Institution] Date: [Insert Date]

2. Overview & Importance Pregnancy alters immune and hematologic function. Increases vulnerability to anemia, infections, and coagulation disorders. Major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality.

3. Learning Objectives Identify common hematologic and infectious disorders in pregnancy. Discuss diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Outline midwifery management roles.

4. Hematological Disorders Overview Classification: anemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathies. Physiological hemodilution, increased coagulation tendency. Increased iron and folate requirements.

5. Anemia in Pregnancy Definition: Hb < 11g/dl (WHO). Types: Iron deficiency, folate/B12 deficiency, hemolytic, anemia of chronic disease.

6. Iron Deficiency Anemia - Pathophysiology Increased demand, poor diet, infections, blood loss. Risks: preterm labor, low birth weight, maternal fatigue.

7. Iron Deficiency Anemia - Treatment (UCG) Ferrous sulfate 200mg TDS (60mg elemental iron/dose). Folic acid 5mg daily. Transfusion if Hb <7g/dL or symptomatic. Midwifery: adherence counseling, monitor Hb.

8. Folate & B12 Deficiency Folic acid 5mg daily. Vitamin B12 1mg IM alternate days ×1 week → weekly ×4 → every 3 months. Midwifery: diet counseling, monitor fetal development.

9. Sickle Cell Disease in Pregnancy Complications: vaso-occlusive crises, infections, preeclampsia. Management: folate 5mg daily, prophylactic penicillin, malaria prevention. Midwifery: crisis prevention, hydration, infection control.

10. Thrombocytopenia & HELLP Causes: gestational, ITP, preeclampsia/HELLP. Treatment: Prednisone 1mg/kg/day, deliver if HELLP. Midwifery: monitor BP, urine output, seizure precautions.

11. Thromboembolism in Pregnancy Risk: hypercoagulability, immobility. Treatment: LMWH (Enoxaparin 1mg/kg SC BID). Midwifery: injection technique, monitor for PE signs.

12. Coagulopathies Includes Von Willebrand disease, hemophilia carriers. Plan delivery to minimize hemorrhage. Midwifery: plan delivery, monitor bleeding.

13. Infectious Conditions Overview Immunosuppression increases infection risk. Vertical transmission risk to fetus. Key infections: HIV, Hepatitis, Malaria, UTI, TORCH.

14. HIV in Pregnancy Treat all: TDF/3TC/DTG once daily (UCG). PMTCT: minimize invasive procedures, safe delivery. Midwifery: adherence, counseling, breastfeeding guidance.

15. Hepatitis B in Pregnancy Screen all mothers. Newborn: HBV vaccine + HBIG within 24h. Midwifery: ensure immunization, prevent infection spread.

16. Syphilis in Pregnancy Treatment: Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4MU IM once (early); weekly ×3 (late). Midwifery: VDRL screening, injection admin, partner treatment.

17. Malaria in Pregnancy Prevent: SP 3 tablets PO under DOT from 2nd trimester (1 month apart). Treat: Artemether-Lumefantrine (1st line), Quinine IV if severe. Midwifery: ITN use, DOT for SP, fever screening.

18. UTI in Pregnancy Treatment: Nitrofurantoin 100mg BD ×7d (avoid late), or Cephalexin 500mg QID ×7d. Midwifery: hydration, hygiene education, monitor for pyelonephritis.

19. Group B Streptococcus Treatment: Penicillin G 5MU IV load, then 2.5MU q4h until delivery. Midwifery: identify risk, administer antibiotics, monitor neonate.

20. Tuberculosis in Pregnancy Regimen: INH, RIF, PZA, EMB ×6 months. Add Pyridoxine 25mg daily. Midwifery: adherence support, infection control.

21. TORCH Infections Includes Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, CMV, Herpes. Prevent rubella with vaccination pre-pregnancy. Midwifery: hygiene education, refer if infection suspected.

22. Influenza and COVID-19 Higher maternal risk. Encourage vaccination, symptomatic management. Midwifery: infection prevention, isolation protocols.

23. STIs (Chlamydia, Gonorrhea) Treat per UCG guidelines. Partner notification & treatment essential. Midwifery: screening, counseling, follow-up.

24. Case Mix – HIV & Anemia Manage both conditions concurrently. Coordinate ART and iron supplementation. Monitor fetal growth and maternal Hb.

25. Midwifery Management Overview Assessment: risk screening, labs, vitals. Diagnosis: interpret findings, identify complications. Planning: implement treatments, ensure follow-up.

26. Health Education & Counseling Balanced diet, drug adherence, hygiene, partner involvement. Vaccination promotion. Encourage antenatal attendance.

27. Monitoring During Labor Observe bleeding, infection, fetal distress. Ensure safe delivery techniques. Midwifery: active management of third stage.

28. Postpartum Care Monitor for hemorrhage, infection. Continue ART, iron, folate. Counsel on family planning.

29. Referral & Collaboration Refer complex cases early. Work with obstetricians, hematologists, infectious disease teams.

30. Public Health Implications Integrate preventive programs. Screening & education reduce maternal mortality.

31. Summary Anemia and infections are major causes of complications. Prevention and early treatment key. Midwives central to management.

32. Recommendations Universal screening and supplementation. Adherence to UCG protocols. Continuous education for midwives.

33. Case Study 1: Severe Anemia + Malaria Symptoms: fatigue, fever. Management: blood transfusion + antimalarials. Midwifery: monitor vitals, ensure SP compliance.

34. Case Study 2: HIV with Labor Complications ART continuation, safe delivery. Avoid invasive procedures. Midwifery: infection prevention, counseling.

35. Conclusion Holistic approach essential. Preventive care + guideline-based treatment saves lives.