Communicative Language Teaching

This is about CLT approach

1. COMMUNICATIVE L ANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT) B y Huynh Nhu Yen Nhi, M.A.

2. Contents: Background of CLT Teaching principles Teaching M aterials C lassroom activties

3. B ackground

4. 1970’s C OULD STUDENTS COMMUNICATE ??? S tudents knew the rules of linguistic s , but they COULDN`T USE THE LANGUAGE The need to focus in COMMUNICATION rather than mastery of structures. B A C K G R O U N D

5. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? It involves COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE: That s tudents perform certain functions: E xample: Inviting A ccepting/ declining G iving advice Within a social context B A C K G R O U N D

6. WHAT IS COMMUNICATI ve competence ? L earners could k now WHEN and HOW to say WHAT to WHOM . (Hymes , 1971 ) B A C K G R O U N D

7. T he COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH was coming! To make COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE become the goal of teaching. To develop procedures for the teaching of the FOUR LANGUAGE SKILLS CLT B A C K G R O U N D

8. T eaching principles

9. the ROLES of teacher and learners in clt To facilitate the communication between all participants in the classroom. To be a co-communicator engaging in the communicative activities along with the students . Adviser, monitor, researcher T he teacher’s roles P R I N C I P L E S

10. the ROLES of teacher and learners in clt Learner’s roles Students are communicators . They are actively engaged in negotiating meaning - in trying to make themselves understood and in understanding others - even when their knowledge of the target language is incomplete. P R I N C I P L E S THE LEARNER-CENTERED APPROACH

11. C haracteristics of teaching/ learning process in CLt P R I N C I P L E S The primary function of language is for interaction and communication. Small groups are favored. Dialogues , if used, center around communicative functions and are not normally memorized. Drilling may occur, but not so important. Comprehensible pronunciation is necessary. The use of authentic materials is the key (real-life situation ).

12. Interactions in clt P R I N C I P L E S Teacher – to – students Students – to – teacher Students – to - students Pairs , triads, small groups, and whole group

13. Students ’ feelings in CLt P R I N C I P L E S Students are given an opportunity to express their individuality by having them share their ideas and opinions on a regular basis.

14. Viewing the language in CLt P R I N C I P L E S L anguage is for communication to help students develop their communicative competence.

15. Students’ native language P R I N C I P L E S Students ’ native language is permitted in CLT. However, whenever possible, the target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also for explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework .

16. Teacher’s response to errors P R I N C I P L E S Errors of form are tolerated during fluency- based activities and are seen as a natural outcome of the development of communication skills.

17. Evaluation in clt P R I N C I P L E S E valuate not only the students’ accuracy, but also their fluency. Evaluate students’ performance in the role as an adviser or co- communicator

18. T eaching materials

19. T eaching MATERIALS IN CLT text-based materials M A T E R I A L S AUTHENTIC MATERIALS 2. task-based materials 3. realia

20. M A T E R I A L S

21. TASK-BASED MATERIALS These include game boards, roleplay cards, materials for drilling, pairwork tasks, etc. They might be used to support 'real life' tasks such as role playing booking into a hotel, or a job i nterview . M A T E R I A L S

22. R E A LI A Magazines, newspapers, fruit and vegetables, real objects, maps - things from the real world outside the classroom. They can be used in many activities. For example, fruit and vegetables could be used in a shopping activity M A T E R I A L S

23. C lassroom activities

24. C lassroom ACTIVITIES in clt They are unlimited . They have to: Enable learners to attain the communicative objectives . Engage learners in communication. Require the use of communicative process in information sharing. Negotiate meaning. Interact . A C T I V I T I E S B e creative if you are a teacher!

25. C lassroom ACTIVITIES in clt A C T I V I T I E S Comparing different pictures Finding differences and similarities Reordering events in a set of pictures Describing and drawing FUNCTIONAL COMM U NICA TION ACTIVITIES Making conversation Discussing/ Debating Making surveys, simulations Role plays SOCIAL INTERACTION ACTIVITIES

26. T hank you! T eaching is a work of heart!