Complete Fetal Circulation presentation for medical student

Complete fetal circulation presentation for medical student.

1. FETAL CIRCULATION Presentation on IA AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, MEGHALAYA Presented by Ezazul Ahmed Mir Mehebub Hussain Asma Yasmin Julhana Akhtar Jerifa Ahmed Date : 05-07-2024

2. DEFINITION The fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a foetus, often encompassing the entire fetoplacental circulation which includes the umbilical cord and blood vessels within the placenta that carry fetal blood. AIM OF FETAL CIRCULATION: The primary aim of fetal circulation is to ensure the efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the developing fetus while removing waste products. Unlike postnatal circulation.

3. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES Placenta is the source of oxygen for the fetus . Foetus lung received less than 1 percent of blood volume. No gas exchange occurs in lungs. Right atrium of heart have highest concentration of oxygenated blood.

4. 1. THE PLACENTA The placenta is connected to the mother’s blood supply. It supplies the fetus with oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and waste products. ANATOMY AND COMPONENTS

5. 2. THE UMBILICAL CORD One Umbilical Vein: Carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus . Two Umbilical Arteries: Carry deoxygenated, waste-filled blood from the fetus back to the placenta. CONTENTS OF UMBILICAL CORD:

6. 3. SHUNTS Ductus Venosus: Bypass the blood from liver to inferior vena cava from umbilical vein. Ductus Arteriosus: Bypass the blood from lungs to aorta from pulmonary artery. Foramen Ovale: Bypass the blood from lungs to Left Atrium from Right Atrium.

7. FETAL CIRCULATION

8. FLOW OF CIRCULATION HEPATIC : One Umbilical vein carries 85% of oxygenated blood from placenta to fetal side It divides into two branch, 1 to liver & another via Ductus Venosus to inferior Vena Cava Only 25% of Blood enters hepatic circulation rest bypass into inferior vena cava Umbilical blood flow is 180 ml/ mt /kg of estimated fetal weight. CARDIAC: Blood receives from Superior & Inferior Vena Cava into Rt. Atrium pass through the Foramen Ovale to Lt. Atrium (More than 1/3 rd of total blood received) Some blood passes from Rt. Atrium to Rt. Ventricle & from there to pulmonary artery Blood of Lt. Atrium enters into Lt. Ventricle & from there to Aorta (Oxygenated blood)

9. PULMONARY: Blood of pulmonary artery by pass the lungs & enters into Descending aorta via Ductus Arteriosus (De-oxygenated blood) Small amount of blood reaches lungs for development & returns to Lt. Atrium via Pulmonary Vein (No gas exchange takes place) Pulmonary blood flow is estimated to be 75 ml/kg of fetal weight SYSTEMIC: Blood receives in aorta goes to Carotid artery & Head (maximum oxygenated blood) Descending aorta have mixed blood to supply the lower half of the body
Umbilical artery, arising from Hypo gastric artery, branch of internal iliac artery carries waste & deoxygenated blood back to placenta

10. CHANGES IN THE FETAL CIRCULATION AFTER BIRTH Umbilical vein Ligamentum T eres Umbilical Arteries Medial Umbilical Ligaments Ductus Venosus Ligamentum Venosum Ductus Arteiosus Ligamentum Arteriosum

11. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Early detection of defects like atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus. Utilizes prenatal screening techniques such as fetal echocardiography. Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Defects: Management of High-Risk Pregnancies: Monitoring fetal health in conditions like maternal diabetes or hypertension. Enables timely interventions and delivery planning.

12. THANK YOU