Composition of Bones - A part of Human Skeleton system

Detailed and simple description of composition of bones for school as well as university level. Students can easily understand with the help of diagraphs and learn easily with infographics.

1. Human Skeletal System Composition of Bones & Structure of Skeleton

2. Learning Objectives Identify the anatomical features of a bone Understand bone composition Explore microscopic & macroscopic bone structure Identify key skeletal regions

3. Functions of Skeleton • Support ⚖️ • Protection 🛡️ • Movement 🏃 • Mineral Storage 🔋

4. What is a Bone? Outer Layer – Compact Bone Inner Mass – Spongy Bone Bone Tissue

5. Long Bone Cross-section Diaphysis – Bone Shaft - Marrow Cavity (Within the center of bone) Outer Layer – Compact Bone Inner Mass – Spongy Bone Bone Tissue

6. Long Bone Cross-section – GROSS STRUCTURE From the ends of the bone inward is the: Epiphysis It provides the cap to the bone and is covered in articular cartilage for the joint space. Epiphyseal plate (aka the growth plate or physis) When the growth plate closes it forms the epiphyseal line. This separates the epiphysis and the metaphysis. Metaphysis Diaphysis This is the bone shaft. It contains the medullary (marrow) cavity.

7. Bone Cells are required to make Bones

8. Composition of Bones (Extra-Cellular Matrix)

9. 1. Inorganic Substance is also Known as Calcium Salt – Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Phosphate

10. 2. The primary Organic Substance is collagen (protein).

11. 3. Water

12. Bone Cells

13. Bone Cells are required to make Bones

14. Bone Cells are required to make Bones

15. Bone Cells are required to make Bones

16. Osteoclast and Osteoblast balance is important or it may cause various disease. This balance is maintained by Osteoclast.

17. Summary - Bones are composite: mineral, collagen, water - Skeleton supports, protects, enables movement - Remodeling ensures strength and repair

18. References • DoITPoMS, University of Cambridge – Structure of Bone • Martini, F. Timmons, M. & Tallitsch, R. (2018). *Anatomy & Physiology.* • NIH – Bone Biology Basics