Comprehensive sexuality education gender

Comprehensive sexuality education

1. GENDER
•Characteristics, roles and behaviour patterns
that distinguish women from men socially and
culturally (Koitlel, 2004, p.3).
•Differences between masculinity and
femininity.
• Oftenmisunderstood or misapplied in most
cases because it assumes various contexts in
different situations.

2. GENDER ROLES
•A set of societal norms dictating what types of
behaviours are generally considered acceptable,
appropriate, or desirable for a person based on
sex.
Gender and HIV infection
•Socio-cultural norms dictate what women should
or should not do with their bodies. Too many
social rules on women's physical movements, e.g.
Attire, sexual relations personal sexual pleasure.

3. Con’t
•In SADC region more women have HIV/AIDS
infection than men.
•Difference in power makes women prone to
HIV/AIDS

4. CONTRIBUTORS TO ACQUISITION
OF HIV/AIDS AMONG FEMALES
•Poor socio-economic background makes them
depend on men for financial support.
•Social norms gives very little control over their
bodies
•GBV in schools, homes and work places makes
them vulnerable to HIV infection
•Caring for people living with HIV and when they
are sick they have no
• 

5. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE
•Different types of GBV occur at different levels
like family, community and state.
•Domestic violence: Man beats his female partner.
Commonest GBV within the families and inside
the homes.
•Examples of GBV: Beating, rape, sexual assault,
etc.
•The social exclusion of women is perpetrated by
the state

6. Con’t
•GBV is a universal reality regardless of income, class
and culture.

•A woman at one time or the other must have been
afraid just because she was a woman.

•Most vulnerable are those discriminated against
because of language, ethnic group, culture, age,
opinion, religion or membership in a minority group.

7. Cont’d
•GBV can be physical, psychological ,emotional
but the destruction is same.
•GBV can affect the female psychologically,
cognitively and inter-personally.

8. LEVELS OF GBV
Home: domestic violence is very common.
Psychological abuse always coupled with
physical abuse.
The majority of victims are women.
•Silence surrounds cases of violence against
women in most countries Zambia making it
difficult to get a true picture of its extent.

10. TYPES OF GENDER-BASE VIOLENCE

Commercial Sexual Exploitation:
•Girls aged between13 and 15years made to
prostitute under the guise of sex tourism.
Rape: Forced sexual intercourse without consent
(violent, terrifying and humiliating assault). A
pervasive form of GBV.
•Most rapists are known by victims and are often
relations like father, partner, neighbour, etc.
•It is a crime against a person.
 

11. Continued
•It happens to all ages, educational levels,
religions, sexual orientations and physical
descriptions.
•Most victims are the elderly, mentally and
physically disabled because of helplessness.
•An act of power, anger and dominance over
another because they are seem helpless.
•Weapon used to gain control.

12. continued
•Rape violates a woman’s integrity, sense of safety
and control over her life.
•Perpetrators do not care about consequences of
their
•Does not see the victim as a human being but just
as an object to dominate.
•In war torn countries, combatants use it as an
instrument of war to humiliate the enemy.
 

13. Female Genital Cutting or Female Genital
Mutilation
•FGC is a traditional practice that altering the female
genitalia as a rite of passage or for socio-cultural
reasons.
•Procedure is very painful and leads to bleeding,
painful menstruation, infections or trauma.
•Facilitates spread of HIV during intercourse and
childbirth.
•Damages a girl’s lifetime health.

14. CAUSES OF GBV
Causes are many:
•Traditional attitudes towards women in Zambia
help perpetuate the violence.
•Stereotypical roles. Allowing women to remain as
subordinates to
•Financial insecurity is another cause of gender-
based violence.
•Failure by man to establish his authority
intellectually or economically.

15. Causes cont’d
•Society seeing man as strong, educated, creative,
and clever while a woman is the opposite of all
these traits.
•Background of individuals (Family background).
•Generally are deeply rooted in the way society’s
cultural beliefs, power relations, economic power
imbalances, and the masculine idea of male
dominance.