Computer 10 Other Parts of the Internal System Unit

Notes

1. Other Parts of the Internal System Unit LESSON 4

2. Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the Grade 8 students will attain the following: Explore the other parts of the internal system unit. Understand the process of computer assembly.

3. Lesson 4 01 Other Parts of the Internal System Unit Table of contents Lesson 5 02 Computer Assembly

4. 04 Other Parts of the Internal System Unit Explore the other parts of the internal system unit. Explore the other parts of the internal system unit.

5. Random Access Memory or RAM is where the data and programs are placed tor execution by the CPU. The memory is directly connected to the motherboard through a slot also called socket. It is used to store programs that are currently running. It is called random access because it is composed of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed in random order. RAM

6. RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory) CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor) There are three kinds of memory: RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory) CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor)

7. RAM (Random Access Memory) is also called the main memory. Data and programs are placed here while the CPU is processing them. Information in the RAM are lost when power is turned off. Meet us

8. ROM (Read Only Memory) stores important programs for example, to start the computer, ROM Information cannot be changed even when power is off. Meet us

9. CMOS ( Complementary Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor ) stores the date, calendar and current time of the computer. It is powered by batteries so that even when the computer is turned off, the information Inside it stays intact. Meet us

10. Internal storage is a device where data, files, and application software are kept for future use. It also holds the operating system that allows the computer to access the input and output devices. The internal storage retains information even when power is turned off. Internal storage is connected directly to the motherboard that is why it is faster to load the data than data stored from an external storage device. INTERNAL STORAGE

11. HDD (Hard Disk Drive SSD (Solid State Drive Common Types of Internal Storage: HDD (Hard Disk Drive) SSD (Solid State Drive)

12. Meet us HDD (Hard Disk Drive) A hard disk drive or HDD is a spinning data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information. Data is accessed in a random order. HDDs are a type of non-volatile memory, retaining stored data even when the computer power is off.

13. SSD (Solid State Drive) Solid State Drive or SSD is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data while the computer system is off. SSD has no moving (mechanical) components, unlike HDD. The chip can be permanently installed on the system's motherboard, on a PCI/PCIe card, or in a box that is sized, shaped, and wired into slot in a laptop or desktop's hard drive. Meet us

14. The power supply provides power to the CPU, motherboard, hard disk, and other components inside the computer. It contains a transformer, voltage control, and a cooling fan. POWER SUPPLY

15. POWER SUPPLY Meet us

16. A video card , also known as the graphics accelerator card or simply graphics care a computer component whose main function is to generate video and images to a display such as the monitor. Video cards are installed to improve the quality and speed in which images are displayed. Some video cards have functions such as TV tuner for cable antenna-based TV viewing, video capture for video cameras, and to connect several monitors to one CPU. VIDEO CARD

17. POWER SUPPLY Meet us

18. A sound card or audio card is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates economical input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. SOUND CARD

19. POWER SUPPLY Meet us

20. Buses carry the data or Information around different components in the computer. INTERNAL BUSES

21. Internal Bus External Bus Types of Buses: Internal Bus External Bus

22. Internal Bus External Bus Types of Buses: Internal Bus External Bus

23. Meet us Internal Bus is also called internal data bus, memory bus, system bus, or Front-Side Bus (FSB). It connects all the internal components of a computer (such as CPU and memory) to the motherboard.

24. Meet us External Bus like Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), Universal Serial Bus (USB), and FireWire. It connects the different external devices, expansion slots, I/O ports, and drive connections to the computer.

25. The CPU chip generates a lot of heat when processing and may burn up if not cooled. A cooling system is needed to ensure that the processor chip is cooled to a level that it operates efficiently. Most processors are provided with cooling fans but this may not be enough, so external cooling is needed. CPU COOLING

26. Heat sink is a metal component attached to the CPU with fins designed to dissipate heat and therefore cool the processor. Heat is absorbed by the heat sink and is dispersed to the air by the fin. Sometimes heat pipes are used to blow heat away. CPU COOLING

27. Other computers use water cooling just like in cars. Water flows from the processor to the radiator-type grill that cools the water then, water returns to the CPU to cool it again. CPU COOLING

28. CPU COOLING

29. Computer Assembly LESSON 5

30. 05 Computer Assembly Explore the other parts of the internal system unit. Understand the process of computer assembly.

31. Now that you have learned the parts and functions of a computer system, you can now set up your own personal computer (PC). The following Instructions are just the basics for building your PC. You can research further to build a more complicated setup. PC ASSEMBLY PREPARATION

32. Remember the following things before building your PC: 1. Assemble the computer when you have enough uninterrupted time and all components are ready. Do not be in a hurry. 2. Patience and gentleness are important. Be very careful when putting or connecting things together. Mistakes can damage parts and cost you money Frustration or mishandling can break up parts of your computer. 3. Keep all your devices in their anti-static bags until such time that you will be installing them as static electricity can destroy components. 4. Wear an anti-static electricity band or a grounding strap when handling components because static electricity can damage computer components. 5. Work on a non-conductive surface like a wooden floor or table. Do not place components on a carpet as it contains lots of static electricity which can cause parts to have electrostatic discharge that will damage the computer when the power is turned on.

33. Remember the following things before building your PC: 6. Avoid installing the system unit on a heavily used electric circuit. 7. Leave room for ventilation around vents on the computer. 8. Keep the computer system away from magnetic fields such as unshielded speakers or microwave oven. 9. Make sure the equipment is dry and at room temperature before installation. 10. Thermal paste is usually pre-applied to the parts you have bought. If thermal paste is needed, follow manual instructions as too much use of this product will heat up your computer. 11. Consult a knowledgeable person If you are unsure of some procedures.

34. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY A. Gather the tools to be used. Use the correct tools for a task to avoid damaging the parts or injury to users. Tools Pliers, wire cutters, screw drivers (for slotted and Phillips head screws) special tools, soldering iron/gun, adjustable wrenches, utility knife/stripper, hot air soldering station, LAN testing, crimping tools, and flash flight. Equipment and Testing Devices Maintenance bench, power supply equipment, multi-meter, calibrators, signal generator, oscilloscope, appropriate software. Materials Disks, connectors, adaptors, wires and cables, appropriate software, computer storage media, small container to hold the small screws, heat sink compound. Protective equipment Goggles/glasses, mask, gloves, anti-static wrist wrap, or grounding strap.

35. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY B. Prepare the system components or parts. The parts may be bought individually or as a set or barebones kit. If you buy parts Individually, make sure to check specifications and compatibility. Computer case, case fan Motherboard (SATA capable) Power supply Hard Drives (SATA capable) Processor CD/Optical Drive (DVD RW and SATA capable)/ External DVD drive Processor fan and heatsink SATA cables Memory (RAM) Graphics/Video card

36. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY System Components

37. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY System Components

38. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY System Components

39. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY System Components

40. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY System Components

41. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY C. Assembly Preparation 1. Have a spacious table near a power outlet and a phone jack, remove the components from their containers, making sure that their parts or wires are complete and lay each part on the table.

42. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY D. Open the computer case 1. Find the screws that hold the side panels and remove them. Be careful of the sharp metal edges of the computer case. 2. Remove the computer case cover.

43. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY D. Open the computer case 3. Take note of the cables pre-installed in the case. There should be front panel connections for features such as the power switch, audio jacks, and USB ports. 4. Put the grounding strap on your wrist and connect the other end to the computer case. If your strap is not equipped with a clip to hook to the ca find a place to wedge against the unpainted metal.

44. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY D. Open the computer case 5. Standoffs are installed in the case screw holes to create a riser the separates the case and motherboard. Screws and standoffs should be included when you purchased the case. You can buy this part if it is not Included in the case.

45. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY E. Install the CPU into the motherboard 1. Any brand of CPU comes with its own manual. Follow the manual to ensure the correct installation. 2. Do not remove the CPU cover. It can be removed later after installing the CPU.

46. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY F. Install CPU fan/heatsink into the motherboard The CPU fan is a combination of a heat sink and fan together. They draw heat away from the CPU so that the CPU will not overheat. To install the fan:

47. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY F. Install CPU fan/heatsink into the motherboard 1. Set the fan assembly on the CPU with mounting tabs aligned.

48. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY F. Install CPU fan/heatsink into the motherboard 2. Push the locking rod down on the fan assembly to lock it into place.   3. Connect the fan assembly's power connector to the motherboard. Find the CPU FAN mark or read the product manual to determine proper placement.

49. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY G. Install the memory modules or RAM into the motherboard RAMS are easily installed, replaced, and expanded with the use of memory modules. The RAM is the temporary memory location while the processor processes data. Permanently stored data is pulled from disks and stored in RAM while the processor does its work. To install the RAM:

50. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY G. Install the memory modules or RAM into the motherboard 1. Install the RAM before connecting the wires on the drive bays in order not to block the view of the socket. 2. Set the RAM sticks in the correct socket on the board. Check that the notch in the board is in the correct location. If it is not, turn it around 180°. 3. Press firmly on both ends of the board to set it into the socket. Make sure the tabs lock into place. 4. Don't press the boards in when the tab is not aligned as this will cause damage to the RAM boards as well as the motherboard.

51. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY H. Mount the motherboard in the case Check that the motherboard has the Input/Output (1/0) bezel plate or RFI/EMI cover plate when you purchased it. I/O bezel is a trim panel installed at the back of the case that surrounds the interface ports on the motherboard. It should be included in the box when you purchased the motherboard. This I/O bezel plate will allow the protruding parts for your serial, parallel, USB, audio, video, and Ethernet ports to match your case.

52. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY H. Mount the motherboard in the case 1. Remove the pre-installed 1/0 plate and replace it with a new one.

53. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY H. Mount the motherboard in the case 2. Install the I/O bezel plate into the opening at the back of the case. Push it from the inside.

54. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY H. Mount the motherboard in the case 3. Install standoffs in the case. A standoff is a threaded separator that is used to raise an object above the metal case to prevent electrical shorts. The standoffs are screwed into the motherboard mounting holes. Check the screw hole locations on the motherboard for exact placement.

55. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY H. Mount the motherboard in the case 4. Install the motherboard into the case while carefully aligning it with the 1/0 bezel and the standoffs.

56. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY H. Mount the motherboard in the case 5. Attach the screws

57. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY I. Connect the power cables, data cables and I/O to the motherboard

58. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 1. Connect the front panel audio. It is a 10-1 pin AAFP which means that there are 9 pins and one slot that has no pin. Follow the orientation of the slots and pins.

59. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 2. Connect the USB 10-1 cable to the pins. Follow the orientation of the slots and pins.

60. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 3. Attach the 24-pin ATX power connectors. Follow the orientation of the slots and pins.

61. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 4. Attach the 4-pin ATX power connectors, Follow the orientation of the slots and pins.

62. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 5. Attach the system panel connectors. These are the Power LED (+), Power Switch (Power SW), Hard Disk Drive LED (HDD LED (+,-), Reset Switch (Reset SW). Follow and match the slots and pins indicated below the pins.

63. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY J. TEST RUN 1. After the power has been connected to the motherboard, you can already test run. 2. Plug the PC to the power supply and press the power button 3. The CPU fan should be spinning, and the case speaker should give a long set of beeps. If none, check the wiring of the case speaker or check the spacers.

64. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY J. TEST RUN 4. If the CPU fan is not spinning, turn off the system. Check all power connections, and if everything seems to be in order, you may have received a dead motherboard or power supply. 5. If the CPU fan is spinning and the speaker gives long string of beeps, you have installed the parts properly. You can then proceed to the next step. Otherwise, contact your supplier for any manufacturing defects in the components.

65. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY K. Mount the Hard Disk Drive The hard disk drive or HDD is the device that stores data. Mount it in a way that you can gain access to the cable connections at the back. If that is not possible you may need to connect cables before you install the drive. The HDD should be screwed into the bracket and cables should be connected.

66. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY To mount the HDD: 1. When installing a hard disk, make sure power is turned off. Do not hold the hard disk while the computer is on.

67. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY To mount the HDD: 2. The proper way to handle the hard disk is by holding it at the sides. The bottom of the hard disk, contains the motor. Never hold the hard disk at the bottom as this will damage the motor, causing a dead hard disk.

68. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY To mount the HDD: 3. Find the correct drive bay to install the HDD in. 4. Slide the drive into place until the screw holes on the sides are lined up with the holes in the case and attach the screws.

69. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY To mount the HDD: 5. Plug the SATA cable and power cable to the hard disk

70. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY To mount the HDD: 6. Plug the other end of the hard disk SATA to the motherboard.

71. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY L. Mount the optical drive or CD/DVD-ROM/Burner drive The optical drive is the device that allows you to play music or watch movies using a CD or DVD. Mount it in a way that you can gain access to the cable connections at the back.

72. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY L. Mount the optical drive or CD/DVD-ROM/Burner drive To mount the drive: 1. Slip the drive into the drive bay until the screw holes are lined up and the front of the drive is flush with the front of the case. Make sure that orientation is correct. 2. Hold it still while screwing it down. 3. Connect its wire to the motherboard using IDE cables, power supply, and audio cables.

73. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY L. Mount the optical drive or CD/DVD-ROM/Burner drive To mount the drive: 4. A master drive is at the top of the round IDE cable, and is the first drive accessed in BIOS or any operating system you are using. A slave drive is operational; however, it takes second priority to the master drive in BIOS the operating system. Cable Select allows the IDE cable to decide what role the drive plays. This makes things a lot simpler, but may cause some delay in BIOS when it detects the drive. Also, it requires a special cable and that both drives are set to the cable select setting. In general, it is easier to use Master/Slave drives, but a jumper may instead be used.

74. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY L. Mount the optical drive or CD/DVD-ROM/Burner drive To mount the drive: 5. Connect the IDE cables, audio, and power cables from the optical drive to the motherboard.

75. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY M. Install the Graphics card 1. Prepare the video card, audio card, and others cards that you want to be Installed in your computer.

76. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY M. Install the Graphics card 2. Read the product manual to ensure correct connection. 3. Remove the expansion slot cover on the casing.

77. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY M. Install the Graphics card 4. Install the cards in their corresponding blanks on the casing. The video card will be in the PCI x16 slot.

78. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY M. Install the Graphics card 5. Screw in the cards to secure them in place.

79. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY M. Install the Graphics card 6. Do not force the part if it does not fit to avoid damaging it or the motherboard. 7. When removing the PCI Express graphics card, remember that a latch is possibly securing the card. Unlock the latch before trying to pull your card out.

80. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY N. Cover the computer case 1. Lise tie wires to organize the cables. 2. Connect the power of the case fan.

81. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY N. Cover the computer case 3. Return back the computer cover you removed earlier and screw it in place.

82. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 0. Plug the cables of the Input/Output devices at the back of the newly assembled computer Connect the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Plug your PC to the power outlet and tum it on. There should be one beep which is an indication that the computer is ready. It will prompt you to enter the setup so that you can set the date, time, setup the devices connected to the computer like hard disk, optical drive, floppy drive, and other BIOS settings. Audio and video settings can also be activated.

83. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 0. Plug the cables of the Input/Output devices at the back of the newly assembled computer

84. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY P. Run the motherboard BIOS setup program (CMOS setup) 1. Switch on the computer then wait for it to load until you reach this page shown below.

85. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY P. Run the motherboard BIOS setup program (CMOS setup) 2. Press F1 to open setup. 3. You will arrive at the home page of the BIOS setup program. From here you can see the parts you installed, if you think some of it are not shown, then do some troubleshooting. You can setup time, boot priority, system performance, and so on. For advanced users, you can go to advanced mode.

86. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY P. Run the motherboard BIOS setup program (CMOS setup)

87. STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN COMPUTER ASSEMBLY Q. Boot for the first time. Follow any on-screen instructions to complete the installation.

88. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! 