Computer Organization and Architecture.pptx

Computer Organization and Architecture 10th - William Stallings-computer

1. Basic computer Applications Module 1 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

2. Welcome to the wonderful world of computing! 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The ATM Using Internet The use of mobile phones

3. Course Objectives Get Introduced to IT issues Be Aware about Types of Computers Understand Computer Hardware Understand how to Measure Computer Capacity: Memory and Storage Capacities Understand Software Issues Understand the System Development Methods Be Aware of Information Networks Know Effects of Computers in Everyday Life Understand Effects of IT to Society Understand How to Make A Good Workspace Be Aware of Health & Safety Issues Understand the Security Copyright & The Law Matters Be Aware of Computer Viruses Understand the Basics of Data Protection Act © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

4. A computer is a machine A computer has electronic property A computer accepts, processes and stores data A computer performs tasks automatically. A computer is intended to give out useful outcomes (information) 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Understand a Computer Wonderful!!!!!

5. Understand a Computer … 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Request at ATM Bank operations Print report Save information

6. A computer is an electronic machine which accepts, processes and stores data automatically following some instructions to give useful output. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Now, What is a Computer?

7. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Diagram for the Computer System

8. The following five concepts are important for the beginner to understand at the beginning of the course software Hardware Information Technology (IT) The server computer The client/terminal computer 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Important Concepts

9. Concepts: Hardware 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Is a physical part of the computer system. It is any computer accessory you can see, touch and feel.

10. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Concepts: Software Is a set of instructions which tells the computer how to do things. Software are also called programs. S

11. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Concepts: Information Technology (IT) The Information Technology (IT) manages the technology and computer infrastructure that drives an organization's computer-based business systems.

12. Concepts: The Server Computer 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT A computer or device on a network that manages network resources is a SERVER. For example, a file server is a computer and storage device dedicated to storing files. Any user on the network can store files on the server.

13. Concepts: The Client/Terminal Computer 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Intelligent Terminal is a computer in the network with built-in processing capability but no local disk or tape storage. A dumb terminal is a computer in the network, which is only a communication device with another computer. Intelligent Terminal/PC Dumb Terminals

14. Exercise One 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT What is meant by the term ‘software’? What does it mean by ‘hardware’? Give some examples of hardware. What is IT short for? What does the term IT mean? Differentiate Server and Client computers Define computer

15. The main types of computers are classified in the following categories: 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Six Main Types of Computers Mainframe computer Minicomputer Super computer Personal computer Laptop computer Palmtop computer

16. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Mainframe Computer Mainframe computer offers the ultimate processing power and storage capability. Is the most bulky one (very big in size) Is the most expensive computer Has the largest memory capacity and the highest processing speed of information Is used in large scale organization to process a bulk of information

17. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Minicomputer Smaller than Mainframe Computers. Functionally, it is almost as the same as the Mainframe computer Minicomputers have the following properties: Very powerful and expensive Used in medium scale organizations where it is too expensive to use mainframe computer

18. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Super Computer A Supercomputer is a computer that leads the world in terms of accuracy, particularly speed and precision Super computers are used in Military and Research institutions with the following characteristics: Very Accurate High processing speed

19. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Personal Computer (PC) This is a computer that is small enough to fit on a desktop and the least expensive enough to be bought by an individual for personal use.

20. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Laptop Computer The laptop computer is a small-size PC that can use battery power and be carried around. Is a portable computer, briefcase size. Is used by people in the move, such as sales representatives and business travelers. As the ‘desktop’ PC, It can suit your personal requirements. - Are more expensive than desktop PCs - Are able to operate in low power consumption.

21. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Palmtop Computer (PC) Are even smaller than Laptops Are used in mobile business and social activities

22. A Network computer is the one connected to other computers so that they can share resources. Thus instead of each PC requiring its own Printer, you can have single printer shared amongst. A Stand-Alone Computer does not have an access to network resources. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Networked & Stand-Alone Computers Stand alone computer Networked computers

23. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Manufacturers Dell Siemens HP (Hewlett Packard) Apple LG IBM (International Business Machine) Compaq Laser Samsung The PC , which implies Personal Computer, can either be Brand (e.g Dell) or Clone. The other common computer of this size is the Apple. This computer is installed programs from Macintosh Software Vendor (also known as the Mac) It is predominant in creative fields such as publishing and design.

24. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Exercise Two What is a mainframe computer? What is a PC ? What is a Mac ? What is a networked computer? List the following in order of cost (most expensive first), mainframe , PC, Laptop . Explain the terms Information Technology, hardware , and software Give three examples of ‘plug and play’ devices

25. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Hardware

26. Introduction to Computer Hardware 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Is a physical part of the computer system. Its Hardware are grouped into four (4) categories, Namely: Input Devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Storage Devices Output Devices

27. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer System Components Storage

28. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Hardware: Input Devices Any machine that feeds data into a computer. For example, a keyboard is the most popular input device. Input devices other than the keyboard are sometimes called alternate input devices. Mice, trackballs, and light pens are all alternate input devices. Keyboard Mouse Tracker ball Scanner

29. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Hardware: Central Processing Unit The Central Processing Unit (CPU) referred to as the brains of a computer. It contains 2 basic components: Control Unit (CU)- instructs the rest of the computer system on how to follow a program instructions Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) –performs both Arithmetic and Logica l operations. The speed of the CPU (processor) is measured in Hertz (Hz) unit. This processor is fixed here

30. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Hardware: Output Devices Displays the processed information to the user ( shows what is going inside the computer to the outside) Examples are: -Monitor -Printer -Speakers

31. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Output Devices: The Monitor Most desktop computers use a monitor with a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) and most notebooks use a L iquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor. To get the full benefit of today's software with full colour graphics and animation, computers need a color monitor with a display or graphics card . Flat screen Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

32. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Output Devices: The Printers Printers: The printer takes the information from your computer and transfers it to paper or a hard copy . There are many different types of printers with various levels of quality . The three basic types of printer are; dot matrix , inkjet , and laser .

33. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Output Devices: The Printers Dot matrix printers work like a typewriter transferring ink from a ribbon to paper with a series or 'matrix' of tiny pins. Ink jet printers work like dot matrix printers but fires a stream of ink from a cartridge directly onto the paper. Laser printers use the same technology as a photocopier using heat to transfer toner onto paper Dot matrix printer Inkjet printer Laser printer

34. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Both Input & Output Device: Modem A modem is used to translate information transferred through telephone lines or cable The term stands for Modulate and Demodulate which changes the signal from Digital , which computers use, to Analog , which telephones use and then back again. Modulation will refer to changing Digital Signal to Analog one Demodulation will refer to changing Analog Signal to Digital one

35. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Both Input & Output Device: Modem How a MODEM Functions

36. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Both Input & Output Device: Modem Modems are measured by the speed that the information is transferred. The measuring unit is called the baud rate . Modern modems have rates of 300,000 baud and up A Modem is both an output device and input device. When receiving signal is input, when returns it is output .

37. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Analogue and Digital Transmission A digital system uses 1 or 0 to transmit data or to represent data. Thus, a digital clock will display whole seconds, whole minutes and whole hours. An analogue system, such as a traditional clock, uses the full range of numbers, including fractions. Digital Analogue

38. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Hardware: Storage Devices Storage devices are grouped into two types: (a) Temporary (Primary) Memory For, example, RAM (Random Access Memory) where information to be processed is held Instructions on how to process that information is also held NOTE: anything store in RAM will be lost when the power is turned off. RAM

39. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Hardware: Storage Devices (b) Permanent (Secondary) Storage Devices Store information permanently for future use. The most popular Permanent Storage Devices are the Hard Disks (internal and external), compact disks (CDs), floppy diskettes, removable disks (flash disks, tape drives etc. internal hard disks external had disk tape drive CD removable disk

40. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Types of Computer Memory RAM Random Access Memory The main working memory of the computer Measured in Megabytes ROM Read Only Memory Contents are ‘hard wired’ and cannot be altered Often contains software used to get the hardware to talk to the operating system The ROM chips The RAM chips

41. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Hardware: Peripheral Devices Computer peripherals are any electronic devices that can be hooked up to a computer other than the standard input-output devices .   Peripheral devices include speakers, microphones, printers, scanners, digital cameras, plotters, and modems.   Peripherals often require special software packages called "drivers".  These drivers are usually included with the peripheral at purchase time.

42. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Performance Factors Which Impact on a Computer ’ s Performance The higher the processor speed, the faster the computer As a rule the more memory you have (RAM), the faster the PC will appear to operate The more programs which are running at the same time, the slower each one will run The lower the hard disk size, the slower the computer

43. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Measuring Computer Storage Capacity Bit: All computers work on a binary numbering system, i.e. they process data in one's or zero's. This 1 or 0 level of storage is called a bit Byte: A byte consists of eight bits Kilobyte: A kilobyte (KB) consists of 1024 bytes, approx 1,000 bytes Megabyte: A megabyte (MB) consists of 1024 kilobytes approx 1,000,000 bytes Gigabyte: A gigabyte (GB) consists of 1024 megabytes approx 1,000,000,000 bytes Terabyte: A terabyte (TB) consists of approx 1,000,000,000,000 bytes

44. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Storage Capacity Measurement 1 Byte = 8Bits 1 Character = 1Byte 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 Bytes 1Kilobyte = 1024 Character 1Megabytes (MB) = 1024KB 1Gigabytes (GB) = 1024MB 1Terabytes (TB) = 1024GB 1Petabytes (PB) = 1024 Terabytes

45. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Exercise Three What is a ‘ System Unit ’? What is a System ( Mother ) Board? What is a CPU ? What types of memory do you know about? What are input devices? What are output devices? What is a peripheral device? Describe some of the factors affecting performance of a PC. Will more RAM increase or decrease the computers performance? Why may a computer appear to slow down if you start running a lot of different programs at the same time?

46. What units are used to measure the speed of a CPU ? What is a typical speed for a recently produced CPU ? What is RAM short for? What is ROM short for? If a computer advert described a computer has having 512 Mbytes of memory, would this refer to RAM or ROM memory? What is the ROM-BIOS ? How many bytes are contained in 1 KB? How many bytes are contained in 1 MB? How many bytes are contained in 1 GB? How many bytes are contained in 1 TB? 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Exercise Three cont…

47. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Introducing Computer Software Is a set of instructions which tells computer how to do things. Operating System Required to make the computer work Translates between humans and the computer hardware Applications Software Applications such as a word-processor, spreadsheet or database

48. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Operating System Software An operating system is the link between you and the hardware/software DOS Windows 3 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Millennium Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows 7 Others Operating systems(non-microsoft) are Macintosh and Linux family including RedHat, Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora etc Macintosh

49. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Applications Software Word processing Microsoft Word Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel Database Microsoft Access Web browsing Microsoft Internet Explorer Accounting Sage Programs designed to do a specific task designed mainly for users

50. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Graphical User Interface (GUI) A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is simply an additional part of the operating system that displays windows and drop down menus, and also enables you to drive your computer using a mouse.

51. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Main Advantages of Using a GUI. All programs look similar. When you switch from a program supplied by one manufacturer to one from a different manufacturer, you will find the transition very easy. Application programs work in the same way as the underlying operating system. The GUI also allows programmers to easily write consistent looking programs.

52. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Systems Development Computer-Based Systems are developed in the following stages: Analysis Design Programming Testing

53. Exercise Four 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT What is an Operating System? What is an Application Program? Give examples of some common operating systems. What is the latest version of Microsoft Windows called? What is an application program? Give examples of word-processing applications. Give examples of spreadsheet applications. Give examples of database applications. Give examples of Web authoring applications. What is GUI short for? What is the function of a GUI? List a few advantages of using a GUI. What is systems development? What is a systems development cycle?

54. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LAN and WAN A network allows your computer to communicate with other computers and share resources. Less need for hardware duplication, not every one needs their own printer Data can be held in one place Local Area Network (LAN): Interconnected computers in a room or building Wide Area Network (WAN): Interconnected computers in the wide geographical coverage

55. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The www Internet: is the Public network Intranet: is the Private network An Extranet is an Intranet which is partially accessible to authorized outsiders The WWW is the graphical component of the Internet which includes web sites.

56. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Telephone Network in Computing Public Switch Data Network ( PSDN): The technical name for old telephone systems Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): Allows faster transfer rate of data in telephone companies than using modem Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL): data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines. PSDN ADSL

57. Exercise Five 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT What is a LAN? What is a WAN? What does client/server mean? List a few advantages and disadvantages of workgroup computing. What is the difference between the Internet and an Intranet? What is the difference between an Intranet and an Extranet? What is the difference between the World Wide Web (WWW) and the Internet? Define the terms PSDN, ISDN and ADSL. Explain the terms digital and analogue. What is a modem?

58. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Identifying Situations Where a Computer Might be More Appropriate than a Person for Carrying out a Task Where computers are better Repetitive tasks Easily automated tasks Mathematical calculations Dangerous situations Where people are better Any activity requiring thought which goes beyond simply processing data Interacting with humans Computer and Man at Work

59. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Applications in Business Most large business have automated large sections of their administration Computers have been used by private sector and governments to collect and process data for a long time now

60. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Applications: Hospitals & Healthcare Computers, if used properly, can make health care more efficient, the key is integration, with everyone using compatible computer systems which talk to each other! Doctors’ surgeries & other health care services, where patient records are computerized Hospital Information System

61. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Applications in Education Used properly the Internet is a fantastic resource for education Computer Based Training (CBT) allows training at an individual’s place, where and when they want it Libraries where books are kept track of using database facilities and books are scanned taken out and returned

62. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Applications in Super Markets Supermarkets, where bar codes are scanned and product and ( sometimes) customer information is stored.

63. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Applications in Banks Bank/building society cash machines (known as Automated Teller machines or ATMs where cards are used to identify the customer by reading the magnetic strip and checking the user’s PIN (Personal Identification Number)

64. Advantages Reduced or zero commuting time Greater ability to focus on one task Flexible schedules 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Tele-Working in computing Tele-working occurs when information and communications technologies (ICTs) are applied to enable work to be done at a distance This is done from the place where the work results are needed or where the work would conventionally have been done. Disadvantages Lack of human contact Negative impact on teamwork Poor Self discipline Dist. trainer Interaction through the network network Offices/home

65. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Electronic Mail/Commerce Electronic Mail (e-mail) allows you to send a message to another person almost instantly, anywhere in the world. It requires both computers to be connected to the Internet. As well as sending a text message, files can be sent as email attachments. Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) means using the Internet to buy and sell products or services. e-commerce e-mail

66. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Purchasing Goods and Services Online Disadvantages What about returning faulty goods? How are you covered when you purchase goods from another country? Possible credit card fraud Advantages Large stock range Detailed product information Ability to compare prices Equal delivery to town and country Services available 24 / 7

67. Exercise Six 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Where might computers be more appropriate than people? Where might people be more appropriate than computers? Give examples of large-scale computer applications in business. Give examples of uses of large-scale computers applications within government. Give examples of uses of computer applications within hospitals and the health care system. Give examples of uses of computer applications in education. What is teleworking? List some of the advantages of teleworking. What is email? What is E-commerce? List some advantages and some disadvantages of e-commerce.

68. Appropriate positioning of monitors Keyboards Adjustable chairs Mouse mats Monitor filters Adequate lighting and ventilation Frequent breaks 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Ergonomics Ergonomics refer to elements and Practices which Create a Good Working Environment

69. Injuries to wrists caused by prolonged typing Eye strain caused by screen glare Back problems associated with poor seating or bad posture Precaution : Ensuring power cables are safely secured. Power points are not overloaded. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Health Issues There are Some Common Health Problems Which Can be Associated With Using a Computer

70. Recycle where possible Many monitors and other peripherals will automatically switch into 'sleep' mode after a period of not being used. This means that even though the computer is still switched on, it will consume less power. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT The Environment Understanding That Recycling Printed Outputs Can Help The Environment

71. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Information Security Computers are password protected and there should be access control of information stored in computers CD, Flash Disk, Tape, external Hard Disk etc. There should be data back-up (store data into more than one storage device) so that can be accessed in case of system failure.

72. A computer viruses is a destructive program that is buried within an existing program. They are written by people with programming skills who want to cause widespread problems for computer users. To protect data against viruses, always know the source of your software. When downloading software from the Internet always save it and viruses check it before running it. Antivirus utilities are available and are a good ‘insurance’ investment. Anti-virus software provides some protection against virus infection It is not fool-proof and must be updated! 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Computer Viruses

73. Never download a file unless you have good anti-virus software installed Beware of opening files attached to emails! 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Downloading Files and File Attachments Some antivirus software are: McAfee http://www.mcafee.com Norton http://www.symantec.com/avcenter Dr Solomon http://www.drsolomon.com

74. Exercise Seven 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Describe good working practices when using a computer. Describe health problems which can be caused by incorrect use of the computer. What is RSI short for? Describe safety precautions which should be taken when using a computer. How can you help the environment when using your computer? What is information security? Why use passwords on a computer? What does UPS stand for? Why do you need to back up your computer data?

75. Most programs which you purchase are copyrighted and you must not copy them 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Copyright Are you allowed to copy disks? Web site content is also normally protected. For instance if you go to the STAR TREK web site, you will see a notice warning you not to place images from their site on your own personal web site

76. Shareware refer to software that is shared amongst programmers BUT licence code is owned by developers Freeware refer to software that is free to use and its source code is freely accessed Check your licence agreements Check if your software is legal! 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Shareware and Freeware

77. All organizations that hold computerized data. Individuals must register with the Data Protection Registrar as a data user. 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Data Protection Act All organizations that hold computerized data. Individuals must register with the Data Protection Registrar as a data user. Personal data is kept for many reasons – e.g. by tax offices, personnel departments, banks, hospitals. The information to be contained in personal data shall be obtained, and personal data shall be processed, fairly and lawfully.

78. Exercise Eight 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT What are site licenses? Describe copyright issues in relation to the use of a PC. How can you check a software products ID number? What is freeware ? What is shareware ? What is an end-user license agreement? Describe some of the uses of personal data. Discuss Data Protection and Privacy Issues. Describe the basic Data Protection Legislation in your country.

79. Welcome to next topic Thank you for listening 27 January 2060 27-Jan-60 © KOMU COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT