Computer storage & devices

Explanation of computer storage and storage devices devices

1. The Islamia University Of Bahawalpur BS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ASSIGNMENT OF : ICT SUBMITTED TO : MA’AM QURATULAIN SUBMITTED BY : GROUP(C ) MUHAMMAD AMMAR ALI MUHAMMAD ZULFIQAR MUHAMMAD SAMIULLAH SUBMISSION DATE : DEC 8, 2020

2. COMPUTER STORAGE Computer storage refers to computer components and recording media that retain digital data and a storage device can hold an instruction , storage address and any kind of data for future use . A computer store hundreds and millions of data in it permanently or temporary . Types of Computer storage : Primary storage Secondary storage Tertiary storage Offline storage Storage devices

3. COMPUTER STORAGE TYPES

4. PRIMARY STORAGE There are four types of primary storage : Processor registers : It located inside the processor . A register holding an instruction , storage address and any kind of Data. Processor cache : It is an intermediate stage between ultra fast registers and much slower then main memory. RAM : It is stand for Random Access Memory . It is volatile primary storage and the main memory of computer that is directly connected to the CPU. ROM : It is stand for Read Only Memory . It is non volatile primary storage containing a small start up program (BIOS) is used to boot strap the computer . a: processor b: Processor Cache c: RAM d: ROM

5. PRIMARY STORAGE Processor cache process Processor chip RAM

6. SECONDARY STORAGE It holds Data , Instructions and Information for future use . Storage medium is physical material used for storage also called secondary storage. To store things there are following capacity are given: Kilobytes(KB) 1 thousand Megabyte(MB) 1 million Gigabyte(GB) 1 billion Terabyte(TB) 1 trillion Petabyte (PB ) 1quadrillion Exabyte(EB) 1quintillion

7. Secondary storage How does volatility compares? Storage medium is nonvolatile—contents retained when power is off. Memory is volatile—holds data and instructions temporarily. Display appears DATA and instructions available to user C ontents available to user Screen display Storage Medium (floppy disks, Zip disks, hard disks, CDs ) Memory (most RAM) ( chips on motherboard Display appears Data and instructions erased Contents retained Volatile Non volatile ON OFF

8. TYPES OF SECONDARY STORAGE FLOPPY DISK: A Floppy disk or floppy diskette is a type of disk storage composed of thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square . It nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust particles from the spinning disk . It is circular , thin and flexible film enclosed in 3.5’’ wide plastic shell. a: FLOPPY DISK b: FLOPPY DISK DRIVES

9. ZIP DISK Magnetic medium that stores 100MB or 250 MB of data. It is used to back up and to transfer files. Back up is duplicate of file, program, or disk in case original is lost. Zip disk require a zip drive_ high capacity drive that reads from and write on zip disk. a: zip disk b: zip disk drive

10. HARD DISK It is a High-capacity storage disk. It consists of several inflexible , circular platters that store I tems and Data electronically. Its components enclosed in air tight sealed case for protection . a: Hard disk b: External hard disk HARD DISK in CPU

11. CD & DVD It is a flat, round, portable metal discs with protective plastic coating. It can be read only or read/write. Most of PCs include CD or DVD drive and most play audio CDs. High capacity disc capable of storing 4.7 GB to 17 GB. It Stores databases, music, complex software, and movies A CD hold from 650 million to 1 billion characters. A DVD can store a full length movie or 17 billion characters CD & DVD

12. TAPE It is magnetically coated plastic ribbon device which capable of storing large amounts of data at low cost. A  tape  drive is a data  storage  device that reads and writes data on a magnetic  tape . Tape disk and driver

13. MINIATURE MOBILE STORAGE The device which store data temporary in it is called miniature mobile storage devices. These devices are cheap to bought. Example: smart media , compact flash ,micro drive , secure digital, memory stick, U sb drive etc Pen drive Sd card Miniature Mobile storage

14. TERTIARY STORAGE A third level of storage , typically it involves a robotic mechanism which will mount(insert) and dismount removable mass storage media into a storage device according to the system’s demands.

15. OFFLINE STORAGE It is a computer data storage on a medium or a device which is not under the control of processing unit.

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