conservation and culture of lichens, types of liches

conservation and culture of lichen, types of lichen, why lichen require special coservation, threats to the lichen population, conservation stratgies, lichen conservation in indea, vivo and vitro culture of lichens

1. CONSERVATION AND CULTURE OF LICHen PRESENTED BY: JAGRITI DUBEY Msc 1 st semester(2023-2024) PRESENTED TO:Dr . Ashwani Kumar Dr. Sanjay Kumar Kewat Dr. Somanjana mam

2. INTRODUCTION A  lichen  is a composite  organism  that arises from  algae  or  cyanobacteria  living among  filaments  of multiple  fungi  species. They are found in a variety of habitats including forests, deserts, and even in urban areas. Lichens are important indicators of air quality and climate change. The are also used in traditional medicines and cosmetics.

3. The three main type of growth form of lichen are known as Crustose, Foliose and fruticose . The fungal component usually dominates ,and therefore the lichens are traditionally being Considered as fungi(as stated by Hawskworth and Feurer,2007) Crustose Foliose Fruticose e.g.Graphis,Rhizocarpon e.g. Parmelia,Xanthoria, Peltigera e.g. Usnea,Ramalina

4. WHY LICHENS REQUIRE SPECIAL CONSERVATION MEASURES? Most of them are very tiny , and hence it is not possible to immediately notice to loss of species , changes in distribution pattern. They quickly respond to air pollution and habitat changes. Many of their community dynamics and succession patterns have not been fully studied. Lichens are vital components of ecosystem function regulating the water cycle, mineral cycling(nutrient cycling).

5. THREATS TO THE LICHEN POPULATION AIR POLLUTION FIRE TOURISM AGRICULTURE

6. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES FOR LICHEN In vitro techniques for lichen conservation Development & management of botanical gardens Prioritization of biodiversity rich areas Awareness creation activities Educates the public about lichens

7. International initiatives on the conservation of lichens Forest health monitoring program – Lichens as indicators of air pollution/United States department of Agriculture/USA . “ MYCONET”a database on the development of fungal classification developed . European guidelines for mapping lichen diversity as an indicator of Environmental Stress. IUCN-Red Database / Books on Endangered species of lichens.

8. Lichen conservation Initiatives in India There is no special initiative to conserve lichen diversity . Conservers are of the opinion that conserving macroflora and fauna also implies conservation of lichen diversity- (But lichen demand some special conservation strategies. 5% of the total Indian land area has been surveyed for lichens by qualitative method .

9. LICHEN CULTURE There are a number of methods for culturing lichen, but the most common Method are: Transplanting In vitro culture Ex vitro culture Transplanting: This involves transplanting a piece of lichen from its natural Habitat to a sterile culture medium . National trust in a mission to save one of Britain’s rarest lichens

10. In vitro culture: This involves growing lichens in a laboratory Setting under controlled conditions. A: Natural thallus of lichen Usnea complanata. B: 90-day-old culture cell derived from natural thallus fragments. C: Cells composed of blue colored fungal hyphae and dark green algal cells (micropreparation from the same culture). D: Culture in the conical flask containing liquid MY medium. E: Fermentation of cells derived from thallus.

11. Ex vitro culture: This involves growing lichens on a substrate in a natural environment. APPLICATION OF LICHEN CULTURE Lichen culture has a number of potential applications, including: Studying the physiology and ecology of lichens. Developing new methods for using lichens. Producing lichen extracts for use in medicine and cosmetic. Monitoring air pollution.

12. Thank you REFERENCES: SINGH PANDE JAIN - A TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY FIFTH EDITION, RESEARCH PAPER – microbialcell factories.biomedcentral.com, “CONSERVATION BIOLOGY OF LICHENISED FUNGI” – Christopher Scheidegger, Patricia Anne Wolseley & Goran Thor