Construction project planning usning P6.pdf

Construction planning

1. CONSTRUTION PROJETC PLANNING USING PRIMAVERA
PROFESSIONAL P6 18.8

CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING GUIDELINE — 1 Draft Nov-2019
ES MCE E

Wine pl
Pron)
101 00013 éme

SHE
|
on u
Bun u

m
nun u
émet 1
Det

PERRET
Sates eng CRE

a =
Prepared by Matiwos Tsegaye (MSc CoTM, Senior Planning Engineer}, matiwostse@gmail,com

2. Table of Contents
LUST OF FIGURES
LUST OF TABLES ..
LUST OF ABBREVIATIONS u...
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING AND SCHEDULING.
AeA. INTRODUCTION. ne
4.2, PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING SCHEOULING
1.3. CONSTRUCTION BASELINE SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT STEPS.
1.3.1 Scope definition and Organizing Project
1.3.2 Sequencing and constraints assignment...
1.3.3 Resource allocation... AR
1.3.4 Scheduling and resource levelling .
4.3.5 Cashflow ANALYSIS cacao
1.3.6 Risk Analysis and Mitigation plan development .. ae
1.3.7 Communication and Reporting schedule... A i “
CHAPTER 2 PRIMAVERA PROVESSIONAL P6 11
2.1. STARTING PRIMAVERA PS.
2.2, User INTERFACE SCREEN
[WINDOWS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
ADIN PREFERENCE un
USER PREFERENCES SETTINGS
PROJECT LAYOUTS IN THE PROJECTS WINDOW
2.7. ACTIVITY LAYOUTS INTHE ACTIVITIES WINDOW.
2.8. MODIFYING LAYOUT. ss
CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPING SCHEDULE USING P6 18.
3.1. Scope Demmmon .
3.1.1 Creating a Project:
3.1.2. Creating WBS.
3.1.3 Creating activities.
3.2. ACTIVITIES RELATIONSWPS AND CONSTRANT DETERMINATION.
3.2.1 ADDING ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
3.2.2 ASSIGNING CONSTRAINTS...
3.3. RESOURCE ALLOCATION.. ”
3.3.1 Creating and assigning Calendar...

3. 33.1.1. Creating Calendars co |
3.3.4.2 Assigning a Calendar ACTA STS:
2.3.1.3. Creator and uen and ang ag ©
33.14. Resource allocation

3.4. SCHEDULING AND RESOURCE LEVELLING,
3.4.1 Scheduling o project.
3.4.2 Resource levelling
3.5. SCHEDULE COMMUNICATION AND REPORTING,
3.5.1 Import Export .
3.5.2 Printing report.
35:21 Screen printing
35.2.2. Reports.
3.5.2.3. Timesscaled logie diagram.
3.5.3 Establish Reference (baseline) Schedule
REFERENCES
ANNEXES.
A. Sample standard reports
8. Effects of calendar on critical path (graphical Illustration)

List of Figures

Figure 1 Project management life cycle ntc
Figure 2 Project planning parameters
Figure 3 Project planning flow chart during Basie schedule development
Ele 4 Enterprise Project Suture (EPS), Organization Bank Srctre (089, Wk Breakdown
Structure (WBS) and Role Definition.

Figure 5 project ste layout for earth
identification.
Figure 6 projec
‘dentivicaien..
Figure 7 projec
Figure 8 commonly use activities relationships.
Figure 9 critical pat aroject duration (working days or
Figure 10 Cashflow chart for construction projet
Figure 11 Primavera Pb 18.8 Windows interface.
Figure 12 home window .
Figure 1 projec window pened ape asi project I sic ham ion.
Figure 14 Project window
Figure 15 Fgure 15 layout option button
Figure 16 layout chart view on projet window
Figure 17 opening project using fil menu ... en ?
Fiore 18 penis poet in tome window jad wind) sing he ck E]
Figure 19 Activity layout. uti

4. Figure 20 Figure 15 Saving opening activity layout
Figure 21 activity layout options for top and bottom layout (et 1 right)
Figure 22 activity table view on top layout using Toolbar.

Figure 23 activity Gant chart view ontop layout ing toolbar
Figure 24 Activity network view on top using tool b

figure 25 ect neta ing na ik netos se hen ai reci ope
Figure 26 relationship ine (ogial link f activity (on /af using tool bar

Figure 27 Tracing logic (network dagram) on bottom Layout of activity window.
figure 28 Bt out Rss sage pote and ler researc (ight cick ov bli esa i
Button)
Figure 23 resource usage profile on bottom layout
Figure 30 Activity spreadsheet

Figure 31 Activity usage profile on otiom layout (use tool bar ar layout option ar)...
Figure 32 Activity detail on bottom layout using layout-option-bar and right-click to customize the abs
Figure 33 Customizing (adding or deleting activity tab.

Figure 34 apply activity tab customization

Figure 35 Activity detal information under Gener
Figure 36 Activity detal information under Status Tab .
Figure 37 Activity etal Information under Resource-Tab (38/d units time fr Plumber represents for à
plumbers are asigned per Y) sn

Figure 38 Activity detal information under Relationships Tab

Figure 39 Activity detal Information under Steps-Tab

Fir 40 Open Gat chart bar main wie ar lan ntl attire ight ck on ait
hart view (Fight picture) nenn er
Figure 41 adding tem to bar.

Figure 42 bar char wich calendar type"
Figure 43 column button using toolbar à
Figure 44 column button using right-click on activity able.
Figure 45 Ectin column elements

Figure 48 Umescale eating window
Figure 47 Editing window for table's Font & colour and row Hight, and for activity & WBS icon visibly
Figure 48 Fiter tab using toolbar

Figure 49 adding new filtering enter.

Figure 50 Group and sort window fr activity layout =.
Figure 51 create new project by rightclick then add.
Figure 32 Selecting the vision of enterprise for the new project
Figure 53 Naming new project .

Figure $4 contractual start and finish date can be entered here
Figure 55 Open created project using right click.

Figure 56 open WBS window using directory bar...
Fine 5 Ang WES ug ih click ad mami ecg Was
Figure 58 duration type assignment

Figure 59 activity duration.

Figure 60 Figure 55 click on schedule button an tol bar La view elfect of sequencing on the project bar chart

Eig i debi ic on cy tm br char er ure aig
Figure 62 assign project constraint

Figure 63 assign constrain to activity...
Figure 64 adj! working hour or calendar
Figure 65 inner hlyay for new calendar from existing cal
Figure 66 modifying subsequent years working hour for a calendar.
Figure 67 mods calendar (working and non werking day
Figure 68 Asigning calendar to activites.

Figure 69 Table view of resource window
Figure 70 adding the ste presence duration ofthe resource

5. Figure 71 creating resource by right click ad. de
Figure 72 set type resource (ef) and creating resource maximum number per day avalablityirgh).
Figure 73 allocating resource to activity using activity deta Lab on resource button.

Figure 74 scheduling project (tots inthe menu —+ schedule ar F3).

Figure 75 Scheduling setting.
Figure 76 resource aaded schedule with 65 working days duration (daily allocated labor ti 310; 110,
‘overallocated) 2
Figure 77 The original project period (68 working days before leveling) l extended by 5 working days (lo 70
ays) dueto labor: leveling 0
Fire 8 view cence amen wn diciones Digi a) lo eine rent
window (ih) S

List of Tables

Table 1 check for schedule development during planning stage.
‘Table 2 Cashflow table for 11-month construcion project
Table 3 Primavera pé windows Bar and thelr function.

List of Abbreviations

Bil of Quanity
Critical path method

PA Critical Chain Project Management
Duration

artist finish time

ares star time

Estimated time

Ethloplan Bir EPC

Engineering Procurement Construction
Enterprise Project Structures

Latest finish ume

Latest start time

Most ely

Optimistic

Organization Breakdown Structure
Pessimistic

PERT Program evaluation review technique
wos, Work breakdown structure

28

8

»gorcsgggaage

6. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

1.1. Introduction

‘The construction industry has now turned out to be one of the major driving forces behind economic growth
in developing countries. It contributes to high employment opportunity, creates income for the population,
and increases government revenue through generation of corporate profit tax and income tax from
‘employees. Thus, a small improvement that can be made in the construction sector wil certainly generate
lots of benefits,

The construction sector is overwhelmed by various constraints which in turn downsizes Its economic
contribution. One major constraint ls the pervasive poor management of construction projects. The gaps
Created at planning stage extend to multitudes of challenges during implementation of construction
projects. For instance, as a result of planning gap, the actual cost and duration of some projects is
substantially higher when we compared it with the original contract.

Planning gaps has also impact on the construction industry on monitoring and reporting of ongoing projects
due to the low standard tools that are used by professionals of the sector. Less comprehended scheduling
of construction projects that result from using obsolete tools and conventional methods, such as MS Excel,
for planning can take a part in the problems of the project management.

It is important to note that planning is highly dependent on optimization efforts due to the presence of
various uncertain variables In the dynamic environment. Thus, It needs application of state-of-the-art
tools/applications and techniques. The best approach to provide a robust schedule i a generate-and-test
cycle for several alternatives until a satisfactory schedule is obtained. As a number of possible alternatives
could be enormous, manual calculation of each alternative and iteration would be impossible.

‘Therefore, appropriate scheduling software seems to be compulsory to efficiently and effectively manage
the construction projects. The commonly used scheduling software are Microsoft Project and Oracle
Primavera project management (p6). Both are used worldwide. However, compared to MS Project and other
software, Primavera project management 1 suitable and more user friendly for any type of business process.
or Industry. It can be employed for planning, management, and project reporting, can efficiently manage
up Lo 100, 000 activities per project. Based on recent studios, Primavera Project Management software has.
been used as the most valuable tool in developing robust construction schedule.

Primavera Project Management software (Primavera P6) is one of the best software in the glob that
exclusively considers: allow practical sequence (55 &FF between an activity and calendar option for the lag)
and quick data editing operation (global edit); have improved milestones definition (finish & start
millstones); have flexible scheduling and robust resource allocation programming model (longest path
definition of critical path and wide levelling operation criteria); have enormous data documentation
Interfaces; enable to substantiate claim (record sequence, constraint, critical path and others data for
baseline); have enormous visual reporting templates and graphics. Thus, this manual is developed to asist
construction professional in understanding the basic principles of planning and to guide them how planning
ls developed using the recent edition Primavera Professional P6 18.8.

7. 1.2. Project Management Planning Scheduling

Aproject- isa set of activities and their associated information that constitutes a plan for creating a product
or service (goals) with defined start date and completion date. Project management: is the process of
achieving set goals of a project within the constraints of time, budget, and staffing restrictions. I is the
application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to satisty project
requirements, In order to meet the goal of project, project management undergo five stages of process:
Initiation, Planning, Execution, Controlling, and Closeout as indicated in Figure 1

Proton. Cat dins sonatas, 800

me D Comme Comm
Da Ceras $ E

Goran

cora
‘monty

bon

raten,
epee,
| var.

aan

Initiation processes is performed to define a new project or anew phase of an existing project by obtaining
authorization to start the project or phase. Planning processes is required to establish the scope of the

8. project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the
Project was undertaken to achieve. Executing processes is performed to complete the work defined in the
project management plan to satisfy the project specifications. Monitoring and Controlling Processes is done
to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project; Identify any areas in which
changes to the plan are required; and initiate the corresponding changes, Closing processes performed to
finalize al activities to formally close the project or phases.

Project Planning- is identifying activities, methods and resources to be used for accomplishing the
activities, assignment of responsiblity and accountability, and establishment of an integrated plan to
achieve completion as required and to attain those goals in à dynamic environment as depicted in Figure 2.

Where are now? Where to reach

Previous

Figure 2 Project lots parameters

Scheduling (Time programming) is one element of planning and defined as the assignment of desired start
and finish times to each activity in the project within the overall time cycle required for completion
according to the plan. It is the ordering of activities and events within a plan utitzing additional
‘discretionary logic restraints and constraints based upon the discretion ofthe project manager and including,
adjustments to activty-specific and total resource usage that may be directed.

The two purpose of project scheduling are schedule development: Define activities, durations, and
relationship logic to implement the project plan; and schedule control: Monitor, update, and communicate
the schedule to reflect current status and the impact of project changes. The common methods of
scheduling are Bar Chart and Network Analysis. Network Scheduling s a method of scheduling activities by
joining them in a series of interconnected links, which reflect relationships of activities showing their order
Of sequence (logic! in pictorial form produces the project network. Critical Path Method (CPM) and Critical
Chain Project Management (CCPM) are key elements of schedule network analysis

CPH is a planning and scheduling technique that defines the project activities, activity duration, and
relationships between activities based on their logical order, It applies deterministic approach to estimate
duration. CCPM mixes deterministic and probabilistic approaches to schedule network analysis and considers
resource constrained situations and uses feeding buffers (addition time added before tasks on the critical
path), and project buffer (additional time added before the project s due date).

9. 1.3. Construction Baseline Schedule Development Steps

A robust planning needs to address all the project questions of what, where, who, when, how much, and
why as presented in Table 1. During the planning stage of a project schedule, the laying out al project
elements is done to create a time-based graphical representation of the project scope, The major sequential
steps of planning to develop baseline schedule are presented in Figure 3.

“able rector schedule developmen dts penning mese

Wat has to be done? Where does i takes place? ho has ta do it?

* Work breakdown structures» Work breakdown structures» Work breakdown ARE
Scope of work Project ste location Responsible firm
Detherabies Zone Key persennet
Level of deta required Level Key agency interaction

+ Project ske conditions 1 stationing 1 Responsibly mairie

When does have ta Be done? Why do in this sequence

+ Contractual milestones + Staging and sequencing
Access and interface dates Phasing

à Limitation dates + Hey interfaces ond coordination

‘Alskidentifistion & Analyse ‘A Sequence, constraints (Project or section
(uncertain duration for ‘or work stat Ber fish ate) assignment
arthur, Import material,

resource constrained acti)

Resource selection
Allocation. (Calendar, ber,

based on cost 8/0r

10. 1.3.1. Scope definition and Organizing Project

Work Breakdown Structure: is used as a road map for planning, monitoring, and managing all the
“elements of à project such as scope of work, cost and time estimation, and resource allocation.
To achieve this objective the Breakdown WBS are integrated with bill of quantity that outlined in
the contract document. Project objectives & scope of work are defined by contract documents:
drawing, bill of quantity, specification, conditions of contract and other document, Project Is
broken down to several elements using top-down approach (see Figure 4),
Phases,

Deliverables (verifiable work products),

activities and

milestones (Significant events or achievements, or Acceptance of deliverables or phase

completion).

Further broken down into individual activities is done to divide a project into meaningful and logical

elements, to allow summarizing project information at any level; and to provide a road map for

‘exception reporting and management. Stop dividing when the tasks are manageable work packages

based on: skill groupts) involved, managerial responsiblity, length of time, and value of task.

Commonly the factors considered in the WBS creation for better project control are outlined as follow:

1. homogeneity: when the work involves two different materials and/or is measured by different
units, it must be divided into two different activities.

2. Timing/chronology: Sometimes a portion of the work may be delayed purposely by the
contractor, For example, a portion of the stab on grade for a building may be delayed until
‘the end of the project because the area s being used as storage. Such a portion must be
considered as an activity by itself.

3. Responsibiity/trade: breaking down portions of work that are done by different parties
(subcontractors, crews) to determine who is responsible for a variation.

4. Location/loor/Segment; Activities occurring in different locations must be separated.

5. Phase: A division based on timing.

EPS and OBS: Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) s a company-wide hierarchical project breakdown
structure while Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) represents the hierarchical
arrangement of the company management to full the established needs and should be
structured in such away that each task inthe WOS must be asigned to a person oF committee
8 seen in Figure 4, Key staf identification and team development is done at this stage

11. rn

Per

Figure 4 Enteprc Project Structure (5), Orgenzalon Brom Structure (08S), Work Breakdown Struct
Sn foie Defiiión

ows)

key map (Job/site Layout): Isa plan of site and the area around it which shows the exact location

or placing the resources of construction as lustrated in Figure 5-7, I isthe first duty of the site
Project manager/Construction engineer/Planning engineer before execution af work. Site layout
includes camps, tolles, entry and exit to sites, activities location, storage, quarry, borrow, precast
production, rebar cutting-bending, formwork preparation, water & aggregate sources, transport
route, disposal site. A careful site layout/planning ensures:

+ Effective and efficient methods of works,

+ Safety to workmen and visitors,

12. + Avoiding wastage and deterioration of materials,
+ No interference of disturbance to adjacent facilities and property.

ary
PE Gone

Figure projet ste layout far rad construction ec tne und no of ey machinery concept detal)

13. Figure 7 projet st layout fer bln costruclon

1.3.2 Sequencing and constraints assignment

‘Sequential relationships: refer to the determined order in which the activities are to be accomplished
in the field, The tasks are constrained by natural work ordering (logical sequence), resource availability,
and construction methodology (whether machine based or labour based). These constraints are either
specified between two or more tasks, and they used to build a schedule that more accurately reflects
the real-world aspects of the project. A lag Is introduced between predecessor and successor to
accommodate constraints due to logic constraint and resource optimization. The commonly used
precedence relations

1. Finish to Start (FS); A must finish before B starts,

2. Start to Start (SS when two tasks must begin at the same time or some days between their start
‘date. The start of A controls the start of B.

3. Finish to Finish (FF): the finish of À controis the finish of B. Many times, these are found prior to
a milestone in a project schedule.

Toe tt Nae
us 2 s >.

Figure 8 commonly ned actin seais

‘Constraint: is a scheduling property that allows the user to specify when a project or an activity can or

14. must begin or be complete to reflct project-specific requirements (ex. substantial completion for
Sections of project.

+ Project-level constraints can be used to restrict the start or finish of a project. Based on
requirements of contract specifications, a Must Finish By project consträin must be assigned at
the profect-lvel to establish the latest date by which the project must be completed. The
project Must Finish By constraint date is the latest date from which the backward pass
“alcuation # performed to determine the Total Flot.

+ An activity-level constraint can be used to restrit the start or finish of an activity to reflect
roject-specific requirements or when logic alone s not sufficient to accurately reflect realistic
situations. However, constraints should be used sparing and on a case by case basis as required
by specification or as approved by the Engineer. Some constraints violate network logic while
others affect Moat calculation.

1.3.3 Resource allocation

Resource can include labor, equipment, material, operating space for labor or equipment, working
‘calendar, and no of working days or hours that required to perform an activity.

1, Project calendars: Based on the nature of project and activities, operating calendars for a project
is defined in order to account foreseen non-working days starting from construction
‘commencement through completion date. Then the start date and finish date of activities can be
‘computed adding the working days with non working days that exist during execution of an activity.
The number of non working days per calendar days does substantially affect the project overhead
costs.

2. Labor, Equipment, and duration (working days): Labour and or equipment allocation is made
based on the following major factors:

‘+ avallaility and productivity of the resource,

‘+ project characteristics (accessibility, location, and nature),

+ contractual requirements and

«cost.
Note: lumpsum price of an activity might be allocated at this stage for monitoring and controlling of
project cost or EVM (Earned value Management).

3. Duration (working days) for an activity: Duration depends on the quantity of activity, the
productivity of resource assigned to the activity; size and type of crew (labour and/or equipment)
that perform activities as presented in Equation 1. For calendar days duration depends on operating
calendar of the activity and its start time. As resource, duration (time), and cost are interdependent
each other, iteration will be performed on labor and/or equipment allocation until optimum
allocation in terms of cost, time, and contractual requirements are meet.

Duran o nd (EM)
Subjected to constraints
Bay € ms mu 12

Where, Ds the duration for activity I (working hour or day).

15. ls the quentity of cctvty À (Ho, m em m, hg, it, Us
N, ls a number of unit crews J asigned for activity,

Pi productivity of unit crew j per hour or day

Ni the maximum number crew hat the working space of an activity | con accommodate,
Nina's the maximum number of crew J that can be deployed for specific project based on local
sacioeconomle data

te

During iteration of resource allocation, maximum number of labors and or equipment (and thereby
minimum construction durations) will often done only for those activities on the critical and near
critical paths. For these activites, the final resource size or number of crew (N that would give the
shortest practical duration is iterated while the following are satisti

1. work-flow,

2. activity precedence constraints,

3. resource availability and

4. operating space constraints.

For activities having a significant total float, longer duration is established to meet objectives:
+ To minimize stockpiling of supplied material (reinforcement bar, cement) and excavated soit,
+ To maximize the effectiveness and productivity of available equipment and labor resources,
+ To maximize the effectiveness of management and monitoring resources; example, ratio of
superintendent to working crews (mason, carpenter, bar-bender crew, etc),
+ To minimize daily labor and equipment demand fluctuation, and
+ To optimize net cash flow.

1.3.4 Scheduling and resource levelling

‘Scheduling operation (see equation 3b) is done to calculate the start and finish date of each activities
and the project duration (calendar days) based on allocated resources and sequences and constraints
assigned to each activity and project. From the operation the critical path of the project, the float of
each activity, the total number of each resource type per time would also compute. If the daily total
amount ofa certain resource s exceeded from maximum supply límit, levelling operation (see equation
4 Is done in order to devise method to resolve the deficit using the following options either being

+ Application of avertime or modify calendar for that activity

+ Increase the working days for activities that results in resource deficit

‘+ Replace labor crew by equipment or by higher performer or

+ vary the combination of labor and equipment crews

+ Modify the resource curve (ex., front loaded, backloaded, trapezoidal, etc.)
‘+ Modify the Logical sequence of activities by introducing lag

Project completion date (PF) = PS + max (E (De + u) (0.38)
Total calendar days (De) = (PP — PS + 1) CET
Total working days (0) = De— Ky (fa. 30

ae en som Jr ch Pr

16. Resource levelling (deficit assessment) Zi MS Mons won
‘Subjected to constraints:

SA DF Ly ES, FS relation) (Ea. 5)
Sithy $5, (55 relation) (ea. 6)
SADA SM +5, {FF relation) (Eq. 7)

Where, N, sa number of unit crews assigned for ati,
‘juts re maximum number of ren j thot con be deployed Based on [cal soioeconomic dato
Deis he total calendar days ofthe project
D. I he numberof clendar Gays of act I.

5.65, stare time o ctv J respectively,

PS stare date ofthe project

Fis completion date ofthe project

La time calendar dp) beten activity 1 & succeeding activity}

te total nonworking days Between project start and completion date which depends onthe
(endar signed 1 activities and the projet.

rane A] [rer
see sateen) soso
aa [il caos | picar
et = foja] JJ.
we | ame Dee] AE ETES es
‘Gite
ESA E Beeren 2
ii a 3 es | [aji
EMS EU HEY
O E + CHEN
we as
IA E ss
ied TI
7

Figure 9 critical path project duration working days or cities for day calender) clettion

Every scheduled task Is defined by the following parameters.
Early Start (ES): Earliest possible point in time on which a task can start.
© Earty Finish (EF): Earliest possible point in time on which a task can finish,
7 Late Start (ES): Latest possible point in time on which a task can start.
Late Finish (EF): Latest possible point in time on which a task can finish.
+ Free Float: Amount of time a single task can be delayed without delaying the early start of any
successor task.
= Total Float: Amount of time a single task can be delayed without delaying project completion.

Early Start and finish dates are calculated by means of Forward Pass and for all the activities which
have no immediate predecessors: ES is 0 and EF is the activity's duration. Select a node for which
EF of all its immediate predecessors has been determined.

17. + ES = Max EF (of all its immediate predecessors)
+ EF ES + Activity Duration
2 Late Start and Late Finish dates are calculated by means of Backward Pass. For all the activities
which are not predecessors for any other activity:
« The latest finish time (LF) = project completion time
« The (atest start time (LS) = LF - Activity Duration
Select a node which isthe immediate predecessor for nodes whose LS times have all been determined
+ LF = Min LS (all nodes for which itis a predecessor)
+ LS=LF Activity Duration
Many tasks have some amount of buffer added to them referred as Slack Time or Float which is obtained.
by deducting ES from LS or EF from LF.

Example, project represented in Figure 9 has network paths (ABCDG, ABEG, ABFG). Thus, total project duration
‘of can be mocelted and computed as follow.
D = Sa + (La + Da) + Maximum (DO + LbI) + De + te) + (Dd + Li) + (D + La). (Dh + 162) + (De + bed +
Lp) + (Dg + bg) (D+ 182 + Le) + (Of +11) + (Dg +19)
= (100,97, 971,
Note: Sa represents (Start date of activity A which considered as zero), Le represents Lag between
activity A and lts successor, Da represents duration of activity A.

“The longest path is ABCDG and gives 100 working days or total project duration without considering
the calendar assigned to each activity. However, the critical path can be a path with lower total
working duration ifthe avallable working days associated to Its calendar is comparatively lower than
the with longer working days duration. Effect of calendar is annexed In the Last section of this guide.

1.3.5 Cashflow Analysis

‘The cost of an activity is computed based on direct resource allocated and indirect cost that expend.
in the project site and company during execution of the project. The total budget (cost) would be the
sum of all activities" costs. Cash outflow (expenditure of contractor) is analysed against employer
payment on time basis to sustain optimum cash outflow in contracting parties. The progress tracking
weight (based on cost &/or effort) Is determined at this stage.

‘The following cashflow table and chart shows detall for sample project with 100 millon ETB contractual
value and 11-month contract period. The advance payment fs 20% of the contract and payable to the
contractor a month ahead of project commencement, The maximum monthly planned payment to be
paid by the employer is 15% of the contract amount.

As seen in the table the net cashflow for month August-2008 is negative 1 milion. The payment payable
for the contractor for month September Is 16 million which is above the contractual conditions. Thus,
although the project is profitable (5 million), the cash flow does neither comply contractual
requirement nor the optimum operating cashflow that sustain the contractor to manage efficiently
during the course of the project.

18. ae 2

flow tobe format construction project

Pr months
30 days before vee Ty REF
Soe | 20ers Trctnaoos Inrenzo0o | Ser | a Tramaons | sun 2000
tie | 0,000.00 | = | smo | 20000 | 00010 | roo. | mann
sont
200000 | sono | so000 | «cone | mamma | mom | s,conoo
eos | moon | namen | saone | am | saxo | roux | seo
Ex Toa | nee
mono vase | ed ed tamano
mont | “ “ 2 i
ir | ioomeo | 1000000 | 19000000 | 2000 | 200000 | 2.0000 | 12,000
A | zoomen | anna | same | 400000 | 2.200.000
win | sam |trocooom samce e | some | uam | 5000.00
monty pente
monthly payment

IEA

Figure 10 as flow char fr construction project

1.3.6 Risk Analysis and Mitigation plan development
In order to refine optimum construction, schedule out of diferent altematives, risk analysis Is
performed on uncertain input variables:

AP APA A AEE PO RP 7

AP
F

19. 1. commencement dates of the project,
2, activity associated with imported material and/or right of way Issues,
3. availability of resources for critical activity and/or resource constrained activity, and
4, volume and type of excavation work,
‘Based on identified risks and their impact, mitigation plan is developed.
1.3.7 Communication and Reporting schedule

‘The final step of schedule development is production of reports that need employer/consultant
approval. The approved baseline schedule will use to monitor and contrel project performance during
Construction. The simplest of schedules depict in a bar chart format the start and finish of activities
‘fa given duration that represent activities operating timetable, More complex schedules, generally
in CPM format, include schedule logic and show the critical path and floats associated with each
active, The widely used standard element of «basen report includes:

z

3

‘Organization chart & sites layout map
Gantt chart whose activity table contain start & finish date, total float, project calendars,
constraints, relationships,
weekly average and maximum labor & equipment assignment, anticipated maximum labour and
their corresponding productivity assumed,
material equipment mobilization schedule,
monthly cash flow,
weckly/or monthly physical plan for critical path & all activities,
risk ranking and mitigation plan,
Narrative report consisting:
1 Reasons for the sequencing of work and their lags & Justification for Contractor imposed
activity constraints,
il. Describe resource limitations, potential conflicts, & haw they may be resolved,
{il List of calendars used in the schedule with the general reason for their use,
iv. Critical path & challenges that may arse (risk plan),
v. dncpated coordination fases by other parties, that require addtional information or
action,
vi. or assumed productivity of equipment /or labor crew for risk identification,
vi. sequence & milestone-dates justification

Note: Sample standard Reports are presented in Annex section of this guideline,

20. CHAPTER 2 PRIMAVERA PROVESSIONAL P6 18.8

2.1. Starting Primavera P6
Logging In window: Before using Primavera, login name and password needs to entered. the login
name and password, are the data entered during installation.
Steps:
1. Click Start, Programs, Primavera, P6 Professional 18\only when installed locally)
2. Type in your assigned Login Name and Password.
3. Under Database, select “PMDBSQL 1” for training (Note: the PMDBSQLI is the name of
standalone database or SQLite name that given during installation).
4. Click OK

PS Professional

aa x
un Dumm
Login to PS Professional 18

2.2. User Interface screen

Primavera P6 uses various windows to display global, project, or activity data. The following figure
shows the interface window following login into p6 and Table 3 explain the function of each window.

21. [12 00vom yout

Pure 1 Pres 96188 néons mac

22. Table Primavera p windows ar ad ther function

Functionality

ET

plans current application and name of open projects.

2. mee Bar

"play under top window under le Bar and it provides various menu tms that can be wed to
pete a variety f lutins cluding viewing retig, And managing seb, project, and acy
‘ata, Each Item an the Men tar proves a op down US of prions Men ems vary depercing on
‘the open window

Ar

‘play buttons that can be wed to acces Frequeetly wed commands QUE. To VI
os, clk on View, thes Tools, and hen clk 1 toi yu want to paye, À
hechan trot ofthe car name indicates that ls currently play

4: Directory ar

Days en te et side a window and provides quid aan uit: with which Lo access the
aus windows: Enterprise project structure (PSI, OBS (Organization Brain Structures, Project,
NES (nk breakdown structures), activity, esco amen, resource, rear, ak

“plays on the at ie ofthe window, alle command battens that an be wed to peter à

“arty of tasks within the open windows:

AN nthe Projects window, command buttons can bo used to ad, delete, a copy cut pase projects

2), nthe AS window, the comand buttons canbe us to a, delete, copy ici pase, or move.
GS elements.

3). Inthe Actes window, command buttons can be ued to al, delete, copy/cut/ pate cities;
or ad resources, roles, ety code, relator, etc,

iva message bar at the Beto of the window that play: users opa name, daa date of open

Stats ar | projets, access made, and eurent baseline à descripta of the Slated menu command, ne name of
‘the current layout and iter and ether messages

7. Det Bar — | Allows to view ard eat deal normatln for project MS actes resource.
Sur ‘provides a mena of tes with which to perform a vrkty of functions including, opening, molting,
Options tar | andsaving a iyout
3, Take view | View project acy data Tobe Tom, Eales you 102 project gps om
yout
10. Got View project act WBS dat In Got art view. The Gant char proves a graphical la of
von ‘ethity WS progres over ne duration ofthe project,
au, PC | yt time in yr/ qr ter/month/wech/ dy bai or bar Gant charts
12: Bottom — | Délay detal information for detail br for selected window and baten. I allows to et at,
layout relation, resource assignment, update star and fish date, constraint etc.

2.3. Windows and their functions

Home Window - The Home window is the initial Landing page of the application, depending on

ser setting. The Home window provides quick access to enterprise (global) and project data.

v

23. 2. Projects Window - The Projects window is used to display project-level data. The Projects window
can be used to set up the Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) with which to view/manage project
data or organize projects, Click on the Projects button in the Directory bar Lo open the Projects
window to view, add, delete, or edit projects.

Figure 13 projet wnow open open tre nice home wind
3. Resources Window - The Resources window js used to display the Resource hierarchy and individual

resources. Click on the Resources button in the Directory bar to open the Resources window to view,
add, delete, edit, or move resources around in the Resource hierarchy.

24. PEE FRERE

5. Tracking Window - The Tracking window is used to display tracking layouts that can be used to
track summary performance at the EPS, project, or WBS level, Click on the Tracking button in the
Directory bar to open the Tracking window to display, create, import/export, delete, modify, or save
tracking layouts.

25. it

EE HE

6. WBS Window - The WBS window is used to display project WAS hierarchy. Click on the WAS button
{the Directory bar to open the WES window to display the Project WBS to add, delete, edit, or move
2 WBS element around in the WAS hierarchy for the open project.

7. Activities Window - The Activities window is used display project activity data. Click on the
‘Activities button in the Directory bar to open the Activities window to view, add, delete, or edit
activities for the open project.

ran spa SOM rm

26. 8. Assignments Window - The Assignments window is used to display project resource assignment
‘data. Click on the Assignments button to open the Resource Assignments window to view, add, delete,
‘or edit resource assignments for the open project.

9. WPs & Docs Window + The WPs & Docs window is used to display project work products and
documents register. Click on the WPs & Docs button to open the WPs & Docs window to view, add,
delete, or maintain work products and documents information for the open project,

rn aan mars arme A a

27. 10. Expenses Window « The Expenses window is used to display project expenses data. Click on the
Expenses button to open the Project Expenses window to view, add, delete, or edit expenses forthe
‘open project.

14: Thresholds Window - The Thresholds window (s used to display project thresholds data, Click on
the Thresholds button to open the Project Thresholds window to view, add, delete, edit, or monitor
thresholds for the open project.

aan mors rs sc

28. 12. Issues Window - The Issues window is used to display project Isues data. Click on the Issues button
9 open the Issues window to view, add, delete, edit, monitor, or send email notifications on issues on

the open project.

13. Risks Window - The Project Risks window is used to display project risks register, Click on the
Risks button to open the Project Risks window to view, a dd, delete, or edit project risks for the open
project; or tot calculate aa project risk's exposure values and its impact on the schedule, costs, and

‘durations.

ra span MSSM A A

29. 2.4. Admin Preference
‘The administration preference uses to elect industry type, adjusting reporting view, eamed value
calculation options to adjust start day ofthe week, etc fo adjust Industry preference
“click on Admin in the Wenu bar, then Admin Preferences (se figure below) and Industry then
set Engineering & construction.

2.5. User preferences settings

‘A user can specify user settings and preferences to determine how information is displayed or
‘calculated using the User Preferences dialog box. Users can specify how to display time, date, or
‘currency information; or specify start-up options, send e-mail, or change their password. To access
the User Preferences dialog bor,

30. ‘+ click on Edit in the Menu bar, then User Preferences (see figure below}.

‘The following are guidelines for defining user settings and preferences:

1.Time Units - Click on the Time Units tab to define the timescale and format to use when
displaying time units, Time Units formats affect how tracking layouts, activity durations, and
resource units, availability, and work efforts are displayed.

4, Units Format: Select Day to specify the time unit for displaying work efforts, and
resource units and availability in terms of days for resource-loaded schedules. Select 2
to display resource units to two (2) decimal places. Mark the Show Unit label checkbox
to display the time unit abbreviation with the resource unit's value.

il. Durations Format: Select Day to specify the time unit used to display activity duration
Values in terms of days. Un-mark the Show Duration label checkbox to avoid displaying
the time unit abbreviation with the duration value.

‘il, Units/Time Format: Specify Show as units/duration (4h/d) to display resource usage rate
{umits/time) as units per duration,

31. 2, Dates» Click onthe Dates tab to spect how dates ae displayed.
1. Date Format: Specify Month, Day, Year 1 display dates inthe NN-DO-YY format.
1 Baje Forma Option; Hark ie Leading ers checkbox to dspay all months and days as
iit numbers, Select hyphen in) 25 the character used toseparate a ate mah,

and year.
Wi, Time Format: Specify Do not show time to avoid showing time of day with the dates, unless

3. Currency - Click on the Currency tab to specify how monetary values are displayed. Click on the
button and select Dollar, then mark the Show currency symbol and Show decimal digits to show
‘monetary values with dollar the symbol (5) and in two (2) decimal places,

4. Assistance - Click on the Assistance tab to tum on/off the New Resource or New Activity wizard for.
assistance when adding new resources or activities based on user preference.

5.Resource Analysis - Click on the Resource Analysis tab to specify which projects are included in
resource calculations and which dates and time interval aro used to calculate time-distributed data
for resource spreadsheets and profiles.

1, All Projects: When All Projects are shown in the Resource Usage Spreadsheet and Profile, all
‘pened projects are included as well the closed projects specified below:

+ Specify ll closed projects (except what-if projects) only when electing to include data
for all closed projects other than what-if projects.

+ Specify All closed projects with levelling a priority only when electing to include data
for all closed projects with a specific leveling priority.
Specify Opened projects only to include data for open projects only.

Hi _ Time.Distributed Dato: The Time Distributed Data settings are used to specify which dates
and time interval are used to calculate time-distributed data for resource spreadsheets and
profiles.

+ Specify Remaining Early dates to calculate remaining values based on remaining
start/finish dates (recommended).
‘+ Specify Day as the Interval for time-distributed resource calculations.

32. 6.Calculation - Click on the Calculations tab to specify how remaining values are calculated when new
resource assignments are added to, or removed from activities. Specify Preserve the Units, Duration,
and Units/Time for existing assignments to ensure that the formula for calculating remaining units is
set as (Remaining Unfts = Remaining Duration * Remaining Units/Time), regardless of the duration type
‘of an activity (recommended).

a

e ape
ego nenne
a ne
ere

33. 7.Startup Filters - Click on the Start-up Filters tab to specify the default filters used in layouts when
starting the application. These filters can be modified in the individual layouts.

2.6. Project layouts in the projects window
In the Projects window, a customized layout can be defined by the user for use in displaying projects
and projectevel data, The following are guidelines for working with layouts in the Projects window.

34. Figure 14 Project window

1. Layout Options Bar - The Layout Options bar (or Display bar) provides a menu of items that can
be used to perform a variety of functions depending on the current window. For instance, in the
Projects window the Layout Options bar displays a menu that can be used to perform functions
such as opening, modifying, and saving a layout. Click on the Layout Options bar and then:

Click on Layout to open or save a project layout.
Click on Columns to select project data to display inthe Project Table columns.
{lick on Table Font and Row to format tabular data fonts and row height.

Click on Filter By to create, modify, or change filters.

Click on Group and sort project or activity data.

Click on Bars to format Bar Chart area elements.

Click on Shaw on Top or Shaw on Battom to select a layout to show on top/bottom.

2. Top Layout - The Projects window can be divided ito top and bottom layout views. The top
layout can be used to view, add, delete, or copy/paste a project; or to open an existing project.
‘To display a top layout view in the Projects window, click on View n the Nenu bar or click on the
Layouts Option bar, then Show on Top, and then:

1. Select Project Table to display project lst and data in a non-imescae tabular format.
fi. Select Gantt Chart to display project data in a timescale bar-chart format,
Ai Select Chart View to display projects ina herarchicai chart format based on the EPS.

3. Bottom Layout - In the Projects view, there is only one option for the bottom layout, users can
either display Project Details in the bottom layout or show no bottom layout. The Project Details
tabs can be used to view, add, or edit detailed information about the selected project. To display
the Project Details window in the bottom layout, click on View in the Menu bar or click on the
Layouts Option bar, then Show on Bottom, and then select Project Details.

35. re voc ar SOM A A

36. Figure 16 layout core view on projec window

2.7. Activity layouts in the activities window
‘A project must be open in order to work with actviy layouts. An Activity Layout fa customized view
created by the user for use in displaying the project activities and activity data. The following are
‘guidelines for opening a project in Primavera P6:
+ From the Home page or Projects view, click on the File menu, or right-click in the Projects
‘window pane, and then click on Open to open the "Open Project” dialog box,

Figure 17 opening project using fle mers

me aan HSM A rs en si

37. Figure 18 Opening project in home window (project window) using right click

‘Activity Layout Options Bar - The Layout Options bar provides a menu of functional items that can
be used to open, modify, create, or save a layout. The Layout Options bar is available only when the
Projects, WS, Activities, and Tracking windows are selected.

(Click on the Layout Options bar to madify, open, import, export, or save a layout

to display a

selected layout on top or bottom.
‘Click on the Layout Options bar to:

1.
a
ii
in.
EN
wit,
vil

Open or save a layout.
Format activity bars.

Format Bar Chart Area elements.
Format timescale.

Format Activity Table font and row.
Create, modify, or change filters.
Group and sort project or activity data.
Hide/show layout on top/battom.

A rs sc

38. A O AR at ST

dl

a;

Pre 19 Amer ojo

Opening/saving an Activity Layout - Users may select from a list of available standard layouts or
they may create custom layouts for specific use or to share with other users. Users can save layouts
for personal use or to share with other users. Layouts can be global, project-specific, or user-
specific. Layouts can be created and saved in the Projects, WBS, Activities, Assignment, or
Tracking window. The following are guidelines for saving layouts:

1. To save changes to the current layout without creating a new layout, click on the Layout Options

bar, then Layout, and then Save.

2. To create a new layout, click on Save As to open the Save Layout As dialog box, enter a Layout
Name for the new layout, then specify the user(s) to whom the layout will be avallale, and then
lick on Save to save the layout and close the dialog box.

+ Al Users: Specify All Users to save the layout in the global pool to make it available for use by
any user.

+ Another User: Specify Another User ta save the layout in a specific user pool to make it available
only to the user.

+ Current User: Specify Current User to save the layout in the current user pool to make it
available only to the user who created the layout.

+ Project: Specify Project to save the layout in a project pool to make it available for use by any
user with access to the project,

39. 3.To open an existing layout. Click on the Layout Options bar, click on Layout, and then click on Open
to open the Open Layout dialog box. Click on the No button to leave the current layout as is. If
changes to the current layout are needed for future use, see steps for "Saving a Layout” below.

la the Open Layout dialog box, select a layout, and then click Apply to view the selected layout to

‘ensure that the correct layout was selected, Then click on Open to display the layout and close the

Open Layout dialog box

‘gare 20 re 1 Saving open ace ly
Top Layout - In the Activities window, the top layout displays on top, information about activities
for the open project. The tp layout can be used to view activity information ar toad, delete,
copy/paste or edit activities. Click on layout option bar, then Show on Top, and then select from
the list of view options an Activity view to display ontop.

Bottom Layout - Inthe Activities window, the bottom layout displays on bottom, information about

activities for the open project. Click on layout option bar, then Show on bottom, and then then
select from the list of view options an Activity view to display on bottom.

40. MERO
rareseamo

A
Area

Figure 21 Bey Lyn options Jr top aná bottom oy eLo)

Activity Table: Select Activity Table view to display activities for the open project in a
‘Columns to open the Columns dialog box to modify the columns of data shown in the table as needed.

A Tessas

Figure 23 octivity table view ontop layout using Toolbar

: Select Gantt Chart view to display activities for the open project in a tabular and bar-
‘chart format, The left side of the window displays an Activity Table, which shows the activity data in
Columns. And the right-side displays a Bar Chart Area, which shows time-phased bar-chart plots of the
activities.

41. Activity Network: Select Activity Network view to display in a network logic diagram, the inter»
relationships between the activities. The left side of the window displays the WBS hierarchy. And the
right side displays a network diagram depicting the network relationships between the activities.
‘then click on an item to display on the bottom layout.

Figure 24 Activity work view 00 top ung toolbar

Activity network display can be edited: rightclick on network view are «Activity network option ==
‘Activity box template (edit size and contents of box) — Activity Network layout — edit the vertical
“and horizontal spacing between activities box.

‘Activity Relationships lines can be turned off and on using: Tool bar — Relationship.

42. Figure 26 relationship ine (og ak) of activity (on /of using tool Dar

‘Activity Trace Loge: Select the Activity Trace Logic view to display In a network díagram format, the
Predecessor and suceessor activities associated with a selected activity. To specify the number of
Predecessor and successor levels to display, rightclick in the Trace Logle window, and then click on
Trace Logic Options to open the Trace Logic Options dialog box.

43. Figure 27 Tracing lose (network lea) on Bott yout of ct window

Resource Usage Profile: Select the Resource Usage Profile view to display graphical plot of the units,
‘cost, or earned value histograms and/or curves for selected resource as defined by the user.

Figure 28 Rata tout Resource sage profile ad filters rescue (ight lick an bottom resource spy button)

44. Figure 29 resource wage profile on bottom layout

Activity Usage Spreadsheet: Select Activity Usage Spreadsheet view to display the resource/cost data
associated with the activities (useful for earned value analysis). The left side of the window displays
the Activity Table, which shows the activity data in a tabular format. And the right side displays the
Spreadsheet Area, which shows the units, cost, or earned value data for the activities, as defined by

45. ‘Activity Usage Profile: Select the Activity Usage Profile view to display a graphical plot of the earned
value histograms and/or curves for selected activity or all activities as defined by the user.

Figure 31 Active sog role on bottom oy (use oo bar or tyeut ptlo bor
Activity Details: Select the Activity Details view to display on bottom the Activity Detalls form showing,
detail information about the selected activity. The Activity Details form can be used to view, add, or
edit detailed information about the selected activity.

——
SEAL 3 En

crrecancner m

Figure 32 Activity dec on bottom faye sin ayout-ption-bor and rl to customize the tabs

46. Figure 16 Activity ett Information under Status Tob

Status tab: Use the Status Tab to define or view the selected activity's duration, constraint, start
and finish dates, labor and nonlabor units and costs, and material costs.

47. Figure 38 Atty da formation under Step Tab

2.8. — Modifying layout
Users may modify existing layouts to create customized layouts for a specific use or to share with other
users, To modify a layout, click on the Layout Options bar or View menu or right click on Gantt chart,
then select an item ofthe layout o be modified a follows:

12 Bars Click on the Bars button to open the Bars dialog box to add, delete, display, hide, or mad

Aci bars:
1. Click on the Add button to add an Activity bar tothe current layout. Edi the bar name, as
necessary.
ik. Chick on the Delete button to delete the selected Activity bar. To remove a specific bar
from the layout diplay without deleting it from the form, clear the Display checkbox next
tothe ber.

48. |. Double-click the timescale to select from a drop-davm menu the type of time-scaled data
that the bar represents.

/- Double-click the filter to select from a drop-down menu à filter applied to the data item
represented by the bar type.

Click on the Bar Style tab to define the shape, colour, and pattem of the selected bars
start endpoint, the bar itself, and the finish endpoint; as well asthe position of the
selected bar in the Gantt Chart.

‘lick on the Bar Settings tab to define the grouping band settings for summarizing activity
bars or the bar necking settings for necking bars.

|. Click on the Bar Labels tab to add/delete a bar's label forthe selected bar or to define its
position,

Use the Shift up or Shift down to move a bar upward or downward, as necessary.
Mark the Display checkbox to show the selected bar in the Gantt Chart. Clear the checkbox
to hide.

Click on Apply to apply the changes and OK close the Bars dlatog box.

‘re Gen on er ma inoue la et tr) on Gt har ee
‘ole pete)

xi. Text can be added to bar by selecting bar labels, then add and select using dropdown selection
the place of text and type frame calendar ofthe ct played on bottom centre of bar
as seen below.

49. ee PA ==
Fare har cor with calendar pe te où boto contre

2. Bar Chart Options - Click on Bar Chart Options to open the Bar Chart Options dialog box to modify
items displayed in the Bar Chart Area. Click on Apply and OK to apply the changes and close the
dialog box.

50. 3, Columns - Click on Columns to open the Columns dialog box to select Activity data fields to display
‘on the Activity Table a needed.

‘+ Click on the Available Options category “+ Add” button to expand the list of available options
far the selected category.

+ Click on the single arrow directional buttons to move items back and forth between the
‘Available Options window and the Setected Options window.

‘+ Click on the double arrow buttons to move all tems.

‘+ lick on the up and down arrow buttons to move items up or down to specify the position of
the columns.

‘+ ick on Apply and OK to apply the changes and close the dialog box.

51. Er renT

t

| Se
BE j
A

4, Timescale - Click on Timescale to open the Timescale dialog box to modify the timescale format
displayed in the Bar Chart Area. Click on OK to apply the changes and close the dialog box.

52. me aan mors ms A

53. 5. Table Font, Colour, and Row Height - Click on Table Font and Row to open the Table Font and
Row dialog box to modify the Activity Table font, colour, and row height. Click on OK to apply the
‘changes and close the dialog box,

Figure 47 Editing window for tables Font & colour and row Hight and for actly & WBS con Visa

6, Filters - Click on Filters to open the Filters dialog box to add, modify, apply, or delete filters for
the current display. ters are used to specify what items are displayed, In the Projects window,
filters can be used to specify which projects are displayed. Likewise, in the Activities window,
filters can be used to specify which activities are displayed in the current layout or to highlight
‘activites in the current layout that meets the criteria
Filters are grouped into four possible categories: Default, Global, Layout Filters, and User Defined.

Users may select from a list of available default filters or they may create specific filters for
use by the user, all users, or applied to a layout and saved with the layout. The following are
guidelines for creating, modifying, and applying a filter:

‘Mark the All Activities checkbax to display all activities in the open project. (Note: This
box is marked by default when no other filters are selected)

2. When multiple fiers are selected, mark Al selected filters to display activities that meet

the selection criteria for each selected filter. Mark Any selected filter to display activities

that meet the criteria for any selected filter.
‘Click on Apply to apply the changes without closing the dialog box.
lick on the New button to add a new User Defined fer.
Click on the Delete button ta delete the selected filter, You can only delete global, layout,
and user defined filters.
‘Click on the Copy/Paste buttons to copy and paste the selected filter.

. Click on the Modify button to change the filtering criteria for the selected filter,
{Click on the Make Global to make the selected filter a global filter,

54. 9. Click on Copy as Layout button to make the selected filter available to the currently open

layout.

10. Specify Replace activities shown in the current layout to display only the activities in the
‘current layout that meet the selected filter criteria.

11. Specify Highlight activities in the current layout which match the criteria to highlight the
‘activities in the current layout that meet the selected filter criteria.

12. Click on OK to apply the changes and close the dialog box.

Fie 48 Pt to wig tota

55. Fire ad nes eros carie
7. Group and Sort

‘Group and Sort to open the Group and Sort dialog box to specify a grouping and sorting criteria for
the current layout, The following are guidelines for modifying à layout using the group and sort
‘dialog form: Inthe Display Options section:

1, Mark the Shaw Group Totals checkbox to display totals in the grouping bands.

il. Mark the Show Grand Totals checkbox. to show a grand total row at the top of the layout.

ill. Mark the Show Summaries Only checkbox to show summarized grouping bands only; details under
the grouping bands wil be hidden. Clear the checkbox to show grouping bands with
‘corresponding details displayed below each group.

iv: Mark the Shrink vertical grouping bands checkbox to decrease the grouping hierarchy indenting
space to allow for more space to display data, as necessary.

56. 2. In the Group By window:
+ Define the grouping criteria for the current display by selecting from a drop-down List of grouping
data items. Activities may be grouped by WBS, Activity Code, or other available category.
+ Double-click on Font & Color of a grouping item to change the groupings display color or font.
3. In the Group By Options section:
+ Mark the Hide if empty checkbox to hide empty group bands. For instance, mark this checkbox
‘if you are grouping by WBS In the Activities window and the project has WES bands that do not
contain data items.
+ Mark the Sort bands alphabetically checkbox to sort the grouping bands In alphabetical order
rather than their respective hierarchical order. This checkbox is disabled for any grouping that
is not hierarchical.
Mark the Show Title checkbax to display the field name on the grouping band.
+ Mark the Show ID/Code chackbor to display the ID or Code value on the grouping band.
+ Mark the Show Name/Description checkbox to display the Name or Description on the grouping
band.
“4, Click on the Apply button to apply the changes without closing this dialog box.
5. Click on the Delete button to delete the grouping parameters for selected rows,
6. Click on the Sort button to specify the order in which the data items listed within each group are
sorted.
7. Click on the Default button to apply the default grouping and sorting parameters (by WBS code).
8. Click on OK to apply the changes and close the Group and Sort dialog box.

57. CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPING SCHEDULE USING P6 18.8

3.1. Scope Definition
To begin detning scope of project and developing a schedule in Primavera P6, users must ist create
men project shel inthe database, in which he activites that make up the project wil be added. A
new project can be created by using the copy/paste command to make a copy of an existing project
‘or By using the New Projects wizard.

Project:

3.4.1 Creating

1. From the Projects view, click on Fie, then New or click on the Add button in the Command bar
or rightclick on selected EPS to launch the Create a New Project wizard.

Figure 31 create nen project y ht cick ten 08

2. From the Create a New Project dialog box, click an the Select EPS brawse button to select the
Project EPS node under which the new project will be added. Then click on Next to continue.

[ i
‘Figure 52 Selecting the il f enterprise forthe new project

3.Enter the Project ID and Project Name. Then click on Next to continue.
Define the Project ID (tr-1) and Project Name (training-1)

58. ‘Figure 53 Naming new project

4. Specify the Planned Start and Must Finish By dates by clicking on the browse buttons and selecting
the appropriate dates (use default). Then click on Next to continue.

Te planned start date is che start date of the fist activity on the schedute The Must Finish By date
is the finish date of the last activity; the Contract fixed completion dote.

5.Specily the Responsible Manager by clicking on the browse button and selecting the name of the

Project Manager (or Company) responsible for the project (use default). Then click on Next to
“continue

59. 6.Specity the assignment default rate type by clicking on the Rate Type drop-down button and
‘selecting the rate type Price/Unt, Then click on Next to continue.

7.Click on Finish to complete creating the project. The project is now available to add WBS, events,
nd activities that make up the project.

‘To modify project properties or to define project properties, use the Project Details window using
“detail tab on toolbar

3.1.2 Creating WBS

‘Work Breakdown Structure is hierarchical arrangement of the products and services produced
‘during and by the project, The project is the highest level of WBS while an activity to create ais at
the lowest level.
1. To create WBS open project using right click on project table, then
2. click on WBS tab on the directory bar to create WBS and give appropriate name on the WBS
Table layout under Name column.

‘The arrow buttons in the Command Bar can be used to move the WBS elements within the
hnlerarchy, as needed. The up and down arraw buttons can be used to move WAS elements upward
or downward vertically. The left arrow can be used to promote (decrease indent level) of the
selected WBS element. And the right arrow can be used to demote (increase indent level) the
selected WAS element, as needed.

61. Figure 57 Ads WBS ung it ck rd namin exiting WS
3.1.3 Creating activities

1, To create activities, click on Activity tab on the directory bar then activity table window will be
appeared.

2. Then right click on WBS under which activity is created, add new, then new activity wizard is
appeared.

3. Give appropriate name for activity and select finish to finish creating activity.

Remark: The New Activity wizard guides the user through the process of defining necessary Activity
Properties and information when adding new activities. Users may disable the New Activity wizard
‘by checking the “Do not show this wizard again" box. In which case, the Activity properties and

information must then be entered in the Activity Details form. See User Preferences for guidelines
‘on turning on/off the New Activity Wizard.

62. “The following are guidelines for specifying Activity Types:

1. WBS Summary: A WBS Summary activity type can be used for a summary-level activity that represents

he

=

the overall timing and duration ofall activities under a WES node. The start date of a WBS summary
activity fs based on the start date of the earliest activity within the WES group and its finish date is
based on the finish date of the latest activity. Unlike "Level of Effort” activities, WBS Summary
activities do not require tog.

A Start Milestone activity type can be used for milestone activities that mark the
Start date of a major portion of the Work such as a phase or stage. A Start Milestone activity hos a
start date, but not a finish date because ts duration is zero.

A Finish Milestone activity type can be used for milestone activities that mark the

finish date of a major portion of the Work such as a phase or stage. A Finish Milestone activity has a
finish date, but not a start date because lts duration Is zero.
Task Dependent: A Task Dependent activity type can be used for activities whose start and finish
dates are dependent on network logic and the calendar assigned to the activities rather than the
calendar of their assigned resources, Task Dependent Is the default Activity Type and should be used
¿mos cities.

A Level of Effort (LOE) activity type can be used for on-going tasks that typically
EI ve pal, ae oot BS se lr on oie ee FE
dates are dependent on their successors. LOE activities may be used for certain administrative or
project management tasks that typically span indefinite time periods such as surveying works.
Resource Dependent: A Resource Dependent activity type can be used for activities whose assigned
resources are dependent on the resources catendars rather than the activity's calendar. Therefore,
the activity durations and dates are dependent on the calendar and availability of the driving
resources, Such activities are scheduled to be performed when their assigned resources are available.

In the Assign Resources dialog box, leave blank, then click on Next. Assigning Resources will be covered
later.

63. + In the Duration Type dialog box, click on the Duration Type drop down button, then select Fixed
Duration & Units, and then click on Next.

+ In the Activity Units and Duration dialog box, enter the Activity Duration (number of workdays
required to complete the activity), then click on Next.

+ Inte onde Actes aloe ba, reci Ma coman, ahd then kk on West, Precisar
‘and successor rl be defined later,

= ine ere beats al box, cpl Mo, Ent ana than ick on Ma Rama od
properties willbe defined later.

“© Click on Finish to add the new activity and to close the New Activity Wizard.

Figure 58 duration type assignment

Figure 59 ext raión

64. Defining Project Properties and settings

Wen creating a new project in Primavera PS certain project properties and default settings must
be defined. Click on Projects in the Directory bar to open the Projects window, and then click on
the Project Details tabs to view, add, or edit project properties and information about the currently
‘open project. (Note: To select which tabs are displayed in the Project Details, right-ctick on a tab
name, then click an Customize Project Details, then select from the available tabs menu the project
details tabs to be displayed}.

1. General Tab: Click on the General tab to add/edit genera! Information about the project,

Edit as necessary, the Project ID and Project Name.

+ Project ID: The Project ID must be unique for each schedule submission. Define the Project ID
using a standard naming convention consisting of the Contract ID number as a prefix, a
letter, and a number to indicate which schedule is being submitted.

> Project Name: Define the Project Name to provide a concise description of the project,
submission number, and current data date (tralning-1 In this case).

2. Dates Tab: Click on the Dates tab to add/edit the Planned Start and Must Finish By dates for the
Project. Click on the browse
buttons and select the appropriate dates.
+ Planned Start: For initial baseline schedule, the Planned Start date Is the start date of the
‘earliest activity inthe schedule.
+ Must Finish By: The Must Finish By date is the Contract completion date.

65. activities. (Note: Default settings apply to new activities only. Activity properties can be modified for
‘each individual activity as necessary).

Define the project default settings as follows:

|. uration Tne: She Fed Duration & Units as the dea duration type,
il. Percent Complete Types:

+ Duration percent complete type when the percent complete of an activity is based on the
remaining duration rather than amount of work performed. (Mote: When Duration percent
complete type ls used, the percent complete and remaining duration of an activity are linked.
Therefore, changing the percent complete or remaining duration wil automatically affec the
other).

+ Physical percent complete type (setas default) when the percent complete is defined by the
user based on amount of work performed rather than remaining duration. (Note: When Physical
percent complete type is used, the percent complete and remaining duration of on going.
activities must be individually specified based on amount of work remaining).

+ Units percent complete type when the percent complete s based on te actual Labor or n00-
labor units expended.

A. Activity Type: Specity Task Dependent as the default activity type. The Activity Type may be
‘modified for each ndlvicual activity, as necessary.

iv. Calendar: Specity a defaut Project calendar that wi be assigned to new activites. Specific
Calendars may be assigned to Individual activites, as necessary.

v. Auto:numbering Default: Users may specily a user-defined Activity ID auto-numbering system
fer new activities by cefining the defaut Activity ID Prefix, Activity D Suffix, and increment.

4, Resources Tab: Click on the Resources tab to view/edit the project default settings for resource

assignments. Define the Assignment Defaults and Resource assignments settings as follows:

"Specify the default Rate Type for new assignments as Price/Uni for use in cost loading or
‘esoutce-loading,

+ Mark the Drive activity dates by default checkbox to allow the asigned resources dates to be
dependent on the activity dates and vice versa for new resource assignments.

66. + Clear the Resource Assignments checkbox to prevent the same resource from being assigned to
an activity more than once.

5. Calculations Tab: Click on the Calculations tab to view/edit the project default settings
for calculating cost and resource usage when updating a cost-loaded or resource-loaded
schedule,

FE rea
otr meinen a nme

Define the Calculations default settings as follows:
Activites: In the Activities section of the form:
+ Mark the Link Budget and At Completion Cost for not started activities checkbox to make
the Budgeted Cost and At Completion Cost the same for activities that have nat started.
+ Specify Reset Remaining Duration and Units to Original to reset the remaining duration and
Units of an activity to ther original values when an activity status fs changed to not started.
ii. Resource Assignments: In the Resource assignment sect

™ Specify Subtract Actual from At Completion, when updating Actual Units or Cost.

© Set the Recalculate Actual Units and Cost when duration % complete changes checkbox as
follows:

1) For Design-Bid-Buld projects, clear the checkbox to prevent the application from
automaticaly re-calculating the actual units and cost when the activity duration %
changes to allow the user to define the actual units and cast.

IN For Design-Build projects, mark the Recalculate Actual Units and Cost when duration
x complete changes checkbox to allow for Auto Compute Actuals.

“> Mark the Update units when costs changes on resource assignments checkbox to allow the
application to re-calculate the units based on the price/unit when the cost is changed.

+ Mark the Link Actual and Actual This Period Unis and Cost checkbox to allow the application
to automavcaly change the Period actual Units and Coss when the Actual Units and Costs
are changed and vice versa,

6. Setting Tab: Click on the Setting tab to view the definition of critical path and baseline (mark the
longest path checkbox).

67. 3.2. Activities Relationships and Constraint Determination
3.2.1, ADDING ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS

Based on user preference, activity relationships can be created in the Activity Details form, Gantt
Chart view, or Activity Network view; or by using the right-click function in the Activity Table.
Lines with arrows connect the boxes (bars) and represent the logical relationships between the
activities.

+ Predecessor - Controls the start of ts successor for SS and FS relationships, or the finish of ts

successor for FS relationship.

‘Successor - Depends on the start or finish of another activity(Predecessor).
Start with either the first activity in the network and enter each successor, or start with the last
‘activity in the network and enter each predecessor.

penerancner carpe

‘The following are guidelines for creating relationships using the Activity Detaits form.

7 In the Activities window, click on the Relationships tab in the Activity Detalls form to open the
Predecessors and Successors forms. Then select an activity to which relationships will be added.

+ To assign a predecessor relationship, click on the Predecessors button in the Command bar or
button in the Predecessors form to open the Assign Predecessors dialog box from which to select
and assign predecessor activites to the selected activity.

+ In the Assign Predecessors window, select the predecessor activities, and then click on the

68. ‘Assign button to assign the predecessor relationships.
© To select multiple predecessor activities, use the "Ctrl" or “Shift” keys on your keyboard
accordingly.
2 Click on the Close button to close the Assign Predecessors window.
+ To assign a successor relationship, click on the Successors button in the Command
bar or the button in the Successors form to open the Assign Successors.
© In the Assign Successors window, select the successor activities, and then click on
the Assign button to assign the successor relationships.
+ Multiple successor activities can be selected by using the “Ctrl” or “Shift” keys on
your keyboard as appropriate.
+ Click on the Close button to clase the Assign Successors window.
= After assigning the predecessor or successor relationships, the relationship type
and/or lag may be edited as necessary.
Click on the predecessor or successor activity Relationship Type field to select froma
drop down menu, one of four relationship types as applicable.
+ Click on the predecessor or successor activity Lag field to adjust the relationship lag
as necessary.
© To delete a predecessor or successor relationship, select the predecessor or successor
button.

69. Figure 40 Figure 35 click enschede buon on tou arto ie effect of sequocing on he project bor cart

70. ‘Figure 1 double ick on ati retina an ar chat for further eating

3.2.2 ASSIGNING CONSTRAINTS
Project-level constraints can be used to restrict Ihe start or finish of a project. The following are
‘guidelines for assigning a project-ievel constr

1. In the Projects window, select the project to which a project-evel constraint will be assigned,

then click on the Dates tab in Project Details to open the Project Dates form.

2. In the Dates form, click on the Must Finish By browse button

3. to select the date by which

A. the project must be finished (i.e. Contract completion date).

71. igure 62 sign project constraint

An activity-level constraint can be used to restrict the start or finish of an activity.
In the Activities window,
1 click on the Status tab in Activity Details to open the Status form in which to assign an
activity constraint:
2 In the Constraints section of the Status form, click on the Primary constraints drop dawn
button to select the constraint date, A Secondary constraint may also be assigned,

Detinitions for activity-level constraints in Primavera Pé:

1 As Late As Possible: Specify As Late As Possible to restrict the start of an activity to the latest
possible early dates, as allowed by network logic. This constraint may be used when itis necessary
to delay the completion of an activity until its successor 5 scheduled to begin. It does not violate
network logic; however, it delays the ES and EF dates to the latest possible early dates based on
avallable Free Float, thereby reducing the activity’ Free Float to zero and the Total Float by the
number of Free Float days consumed.

72. Start On: Specify Start On to define a specific date on which an activity must begin, as allowed by
network logic. This constraint may be used when an activity must begin on the specified date such
as the date on which a subcontractor must mablize or material must be delivered. It does not
Violate network logic; however, it delays the Early Start (ES) and acceterates the Late Start (LS)
dates to the specified date, thereby reducing the activity's avaiable Free Float by the number of
days delayed and the Total Float to zero.

Start On or After: Specify Start On or After to define the earliest possible date that an activity
can begin, as allowed by network logic. Ths constraint may be used when an activity cannot begin
prior to a specified date. It does not violate network logic; however, it delays the ES date to the
specified date, thereby reducing the actvity’s available Free Float and Total Float by the number
of days delayed,

Start On or Before; Specify Start On or Before to define the latest possible date that an activity
can begin, as allowed by network logic. This constraint may be used when an activity must begin
by a specified date. It does not violate network logic; however, it accelerates the LS date to the:
specified date, thereby reducing the activity’s available Total Float by the number of days
accelerated.

Finish On: Specify Finish On to define a specific date on which an activity must finish, as allowed
by network logic. This constraint may be used when an activity must be completed on a specified
date such as reoccurring activities that must finish at the end of the month or progress period, as
applicable. It does not violate network logie; however, it delays the Early Finish (EF) date and
accelerates the Late Finish (LF) date to the specified date, thereby reducing the activity
available Free Float by the number of days delayed and the Total Float to zero.

Finish On or After: Specify Finish On or After to define the earliest possible date that an activity
can be completed, as allowed by network logic. This constraint may be used when an activity
cannot be finished prior to a specified date. It does not violate network Logic: however, it detays
the EF date to the specified date, thereby reducing the activity’s available Free Float and Total
Float by the number of days detayed.

Finish On or Before: Specity Finish On or Before to define the Latest possible date that an activity
can be completed, as allowed by network logic. This constraint may be used when an activity
must be completed by a specified date. It does nat violate network logic; however, it accelerates
the LF date to the specified date, thereby reducing the activity's Total Float by the number of
days accelerated. if an interim completion milestone is specified in the Contract, the finish
rmilestone activity should be constrained with a Finish On or Before constraint.

‘Mandatory Start: This constraint restricts the early and late start dates of an activity to the
specified date regardless of network logic. I violates network logic; It forces the ES and LS dates.
to occur on the specified date, thereby reducing the activity's Free Float and Total Float to zero.

Mandatory Finish: This constraint restricts the early and late finish dates of an activity to the
specified date regardless of network logic. It violates network logic; it forces the EF and LF dates
to occur on the specified date, thereby reducing the activity's Free Float and Total Float to zero.

73. ‘Note: When mandatory constraints are placed on calendar nonwork time, the early and late dates
are not set equal to each other. The early date is moved forward to the next valid worktime and the
late date is moved back (earlier) to the fist valid worktime. This can cause negative float in the
schedule.

3.3. RESOURCE ALLOCATION

3.3.1. Creating and assigning Calendar

Each activity in a schedule is assigned a calendar, which is used by the application to calculate the
Project schedule to determine when the activity can be performed. The start date/time and the finish
date/time of an activity are based on the available workdays and work hours defined in the assigned
‘calendar. The calendar assigned to the project when it is created is automaticaly assigned to each
new activity by default. However, additional calendars may be created as needed and assigned to
individual activities to reflect specific project requirements, For example, a standard S-day workweek
‘calendar may be defined as the project default calendar and assigned to majority of the activities,
while a 7-day calendar or other special calendars may be created and assigned to specific activities
based on project-specific requirements.

In Primavera P6, there are three types of calendars global, resources, and project:

1. Global: Global calendars are defined within the global calendar pool and are therefore available for
Use on any project or resource within the database. When global calendars are used, there is the
possibility of overwriting the global calendars in another database with identical calendar names
when the projects are exchanged as in the case with contractor schedules created in the
contractor's database and imported into the client/consultant database.

2. Resource: Resource calendars are defined within the global resource calendar pool for use on
resources only and can be used by any resource within the database. Resource calendars are used
to determine the availabilty of resources and timing of activities with resource dependent activity

types.

3. Project: Project calendars are defined within the project calendar pool and are only available for
use an the project in which they are created. (Note: Project-specific calendars are required by
specifications for contractor submitted schedules.

4.3.4.1 Creating Calendars

“The following are guidelines for creating calendars:

|. Click on Enterprise in the Menu bar, and then click on Calendars to open the Calendars dialog,
box.

74. In the Calendars dialog box, specify Project, and then click on the Add button to open the Select

Calendar to Copy From dialog box.
In the Select Calendar to Copy From dialog box, select an appropriate global calendar from
“which to copy. Then click on the Select (+) button to copy the selected global calendar into the

project calendar pool.

iv: Select the newly added project calendar and rename, as appropriate.

75. vw

vi

Select the newiy created calendar, and then click on the Modify button to view/edit the
calendar's working hours, working days, and non-working days, as necessary.

Click on the Inherit holidays and exceptions from Global Calendar drop down lst, and then select
None» to detach the selected project calendar from the global calendar from which it was
created.

(Click on the Total work hours/day radio button, and then click on the Workweek button to
‘view edit the Standard work hours for each day for the selected calendar, Then click on OK to
accept the changes and close the dialog box. (Note: Untess it is necessary to schedule by the
hour, all project calendars should be defined based on the same Standard work hours for each
day (typically 8 hours), regardless of number of work hours/day planned).

76. cick on the Detailed work hours/day radio button, and then click on the Workweek button to
‘view edit the standard work hours for each day. Select each day of the week to view/edit the
‘work hours for the day, as necessary. Then click on OK to accept the changes and close the
dialog box. (Note: Each day of the week should start and finish at the same times for a standard

8 hour work day, if the Time Period Hours/Day for each day is set to 8 hours).
(Click on the Time Periods button to view/edit the default number of hours per time period for

‘converting activity duration and resource units, as necessary. Then click on OK to accept the
‘changes and close the dialog box.

ruse sc rR norme ND ca a

77. xi

To modify a calendar to change a non work day(s) to work day(s) or vce versa, select the
dates), and then cick on the Work Button or Nonwark button, as applicable. To make the
selected date(s) normal work day(s), click on the Standard button. Then click on OK to apply the
changes and close the calendar, (ip: Use the “shift” or “ctl” hey to select multiple dates at
once).

To display the calendar fr the previous month click onthe “
for next month, dick on the ">" button.

To change the display from a month calendar toa yearly calendar or vice versa, click on the
month/year tab. To display the calendar forthe previous year, click on the “<" button. To
‘isplay the calendar for next year, click onthe ">" button

button. To display the calendar

80. Figure 67 mesfying colendor | and non working 6095
3.3.4.2 Assigning a Calendar
‘When an activity is added to a project, the default calendar defined when the project was created is
automaticaly assigned to the new activity.
“> In the Activities window, select an Activity to which a specific calendar will be assigned, and then
click on the General tab In the Activity Detalls form,
2 Click on the Activity browse button to open the Select Activity Calendar window.
+ In the Select Activity Calendar dialog box, click on the Display bar, and then click on Project
Calendars to display Uist of available project calendars.

+ Select a calendar from the project calendar list, and then click on the Select (+) button to assign
the calendar to the selected activity.

To copy an assigned calendar to other activities in the Activity Table, click on the Calendar cell
of the activity from which to copy, then select the activities to which the new calendar will be
ala ang the “SR or "CU hes as pie, Un rg, and then cick on Fi

81. Figaro 68 Assigning ctendor 1 cities
3.3.2 Labour and Equipment allocation

In Primavera P6, resources are global data that are available for use on any project or activity within
the database. The Resources window is used to display the Resource Hierarchy and Resource Details
form with which to view, add, delete, or edit resources. To open the Resources window, click on
Resources in the Directory bar.

1 Resource Hierarchy - The top pane of the Resources window displays the Resource Hierarchy,
‘which can be used to view resources in either a tabular or chart view. The Resource Hierarchy
‘can be used to view, add, delete, or edit resources in the pool.

2 Display Options Bar - The Display Options bar provides a menu of options that can be used to
‘customize the Resources window.

82. "Ade, delete, cu, paste
(command bar)

83. esse ail

El

84. Lo) ce |
ire 70 cut te te presence dations ofthe resource

“The Display Options bar can be used to customize the Resources window as described below:
1. Click on Details to display or turn off the Resource Details form, as needed.
2 Click on Chart View to display the resources in a chart view or Table View to display In a tabular
format.
3 Click on Columas to customize the Resource hierarchy by selecting from available options what
resource items to display in the columns.
4 Click on Filter By and then All Active Resources, All Resources, or Current Project's Resources for
‘what resources to display.
5 Click on Group and Sort By to specify how the resources will be organized and sorted in the
Resource hierarchy.
6. Click on Collapse All or Expand All, as needed to collapse or expand the entire Resource
hierarchy.
3. Command Bar - The Command bar displays a menu of commands that can be used to add, delete,
merge, cut/copy/paste, or move resources around in the Resource hierarchy.
1. Click on the Add button to create a new resource under the selected resource within the
Resource hierarchy.
2. Click on the Del/ Merge button to delete the selected resource from the Resource hierarchy.

85. 3. Click on the Cut button to remove the selected resource from its current position. Click on the
Paste button to place it in the selected position.
4. Click on the Copy button to create a copy of the selected resource. Click on the Paste button to
place tt in the selected position.
5. Click on the arrow buttons to move the selected resource from its current position within the
hierarchy.
‘Click on the Up arrow to move the selected resource upwards vertically within the
hierarchy, as needed.
++ Click on the Down arrow to move the selected resource downwards vertically within
the hierarchy, as needed,
= Click on the Left arrow to promote (decrease the indent Level) the selected resource
‘within the hierarchy, as needed. Click on the Right arrow to demote (increase the
indent level) the selected resource within the hierarchy, as needed.
4. Resource Details - The Resources Details form can be used to view or edit Information about the
selected resource as described below:

1. General Tab: Click on the General tab to view or edit general information about the selected
resource such as the Resource ID and Resource Name.

2. Codes Tab: Click on the Codes tab to assign resource codes to the selected resource for use in
grouping, sorting, and organizing resources by category.

3. Details Tab: Click on the Details tab to view or edit the resource detalls and properties fer the
selected resource such as Resource Type, Unit of Measure, Currency, Calendar, Default
Units/Time; and settings for Auto Compute Actuals and Catculate costs from units,

4. Units & Prices Tab: Click on the Units & Prices tab to define the Price/Unit, Max Units/Time,
and effective dates of the units and prices for Ihe selected resource

3.3.1.3 Creating labor and equipment ond assigning to activity
Resources can be of three types: labor, non-labor, and materials.

‘+ Labor is actual people performing the work. These are managers, operators, tradesmen
subcontractors, and more. Labor type resources may have an overtime factor associated with
them.

‘+ Non-labor resources are things required to perform the work, such as a crane, scaffold, or
other piece of equipment. Such items are not consumed by the work and can be reused later
on for other tasks. Both labor and non-labor are measured in time units.

‘+ Material resources are items that are consumed as the work is performed.

To create new resource:
1 Right click on resource window, then add or use“
wizard is displayed.

in the command bar, then resource

86. Di « ram

Resource ID and ame

87. ‘Units Timo & Prices

AA eee

es

mm) eu) N

88. Faure 71 creating resource by rahe ick.

‘Open detal tab to edit resource information
+ Using Unt and Price tab in resource detal set maximum no of labor avatable
day for this project)

Figure 72 se ype resource left and creating resource meinen number per day ovat rsh)

89. 3.3.1.4 Resource allocation
‘Add Resource allows you to assign a resource to this activity. This brings up a resource selection
‘screen, which i initaly filtered to show only resources in the current project. You can change the
filter to show all global resources, or only all active global resources. When you add a resource, the
role chosen fs the resources primary role, but this can be altered as needed.

fat

“fl

ñ

i

Ca ie

Note: the number of resources per time and working duration is derived from bill of quantity in the
“contract document and Resource productivity from standard norm, Example, the quantity of

90. ‘excavation work Is 400m! in average formation and the daily (8-hr) productivity of excavator is
100m?, the duration will be 40 days (4000/100) for an excavator, if 4 excavators are daly allocated
the duration would be 10 days [4000/(4x100)].

Resource curves: When resources perform work on an activity, you can choose how the resource
{units or costs are spread through time. This is done using a resource curve. To see this column,
rightclick on the Resources tab on an activity ~+ customize the columns + and choose Curve.

a se Ir L

[es DEEE

‘To view and modify resource curves,
+ choose the menu Enterprise —Resource Curves — add — modify on selected curve. A list of

resource curves appears.

91. From the above picture the curve Is divided into 21 time slices, ranging from O to 100 percent in ive
percent intervals. You may enter any numbers from 0.1 to 100 in these boxes. These represent a
time weighting of the resource usage based on an activitÿs state of progress, the specific resource
‘will prorate the cost or resource usage accordingly. The cumulative total must be 100 percent, and
you can normalize your curve at any time by pressing the Prorate button,

‘There are three components to the resource curve screen:
1. The S curve that provides a summary total for al the to date percent periods.
2. The histogram that provides an incremental portrait of the workload for the duration of the
activity that will use this curve. The visual weight may be adjusted by clicking on the top of
A histogram and moving it up or down.
3. The numerical value of the histogram. The specific value for a period may be modified
directly in the respective field.

92. 3.4. Scheduling and Resource Levelling

1 Schedulin

project

1. Schedule Calculation Settings - When scheduling a project in Primavera P6, define the schedule
‘calculation settings as follows to conform to the scheduling requirements and to ensure consistency
with the Department's standard schedule calculation settings:

1. Inthe Projects or Activities window, click on Tools from the main menu, and then Schedule;
or click on the Schedule Icon on the Tool bar; or simply press the F key on your keyboard
Lo open the Scheduling window.

ii. Glick on the Options button to open the Schedule Options dialog box.

Figure 74 sehen project tots nthe menu sel #9)

In the Schecule Options dialog box, click on the General tab to view edit the project general schedule
‘calculation settings.

vil.

vil
x

Unmark the ignore relationships to and from other projects checkbox, as applicable.
Unmark the Make open-ended activities critical checkbox to avoid treating open-ended
activities as critical.

‘Mark the Use Expected Finish Dates checkbox to allow the application to schedule activity end.
dates as expected end dates,

Unmark the Schedule automatically when a change affects dates checkbox to prevent the
application from scheduling the project automatically every time a change fs made,

Unmark the Level resources during scheduling checkbox to prevent the application from
resource-levelling when scheduling open projects.

Unmark the Recalculate osslenment costs after scheduling checkbox is unchecked to prevent
‘the application from recalculating the resource and role assignment costs when scheduling
projects.

>a a igi ia

Speci Eorly Start o calculate the ag or warst.

Specify the Longest path as the method for defining critical activites.

Specify Each project to ensure that float is calculated relative to the finish date of each
individual project as opposed to all open projects.

93. XI, Select from the drop-down lst Finish Float = Late Finish „Early Finish as the method for
‘computing total float.

XII. Select from the drop-down list Predecessor Activity Calendar as the calendar to use for
scheduling relationship lag.

2. Scheduling a Project - After setting the schedule calculation options, calculate the schedule as
follows:

1, Glick on the Current Data Date. The data date represents the status date for progressing
completed or on-going work and the starting point for scheduling the remaining work. All
activities to the left of the data date are considered complete and all activities to the right
of the data date are considered remaining,

It. Mark the Log to file box to record scheduling results in a log file. Then click on the browse
button to specify the filename and location forthe schedule calculation tog file.

A. Click on the Schedule button to calculate the schedule.

IV. To view the schedule calculation log after scheduling the project, cick on View Log button
to open the Log text file. Alternatively, users may simply locate the log text file and
‘double-click on it to open the log.

Tar ca van caro atc ts
IF Levers ar chasing

mice net con te stig

A prose cite
E Rae © pren Ove Ann
Once ttt

Fran © so at

‘de et co rn et

Care) Cs
er
nec

pes

Figure 75 Selig set

94. 34.2 Resource levelling

To decide whether resource leveling is required or not, view resource usage profile foral! labour
‘and equipment assigned. Should there be an indication for overallocation, levelling fs mandatory (In
‘our case, 110 nos of daily labors are averallocated as seen in the figure below.

Figure 6 resource tated sche with 85 working ays duretion (ala labo 6310: 10 evealocated)

To level resource curves,

choose the menu Enterprise —+ level resource — select resource button on levelling wizard- select
required resource to be levelled —+ then click OK an + Level, This makes to schedule a project
based on maximum availablity of resource that set during resource property definition.

95. lt

Figure 77 Tn grt project perio (65 working dos before Lera extend y mern ds to 70 ys ue 10
labor U1 levelling “ BR

Fo More nme ts cn ar rre ment euer no
If leveling is done within available float and 25% overallocation is selected in the resource levelling
‘option wizard:
+ The project period will not be extended.
+ The resource is planned to operate 25% overtime (example, if dally working time is 8-hr, 2-hr
‘overtime will be considered).

97. 3.5. Schedule communication and reporting,

35.1 Import Export
Import ets you bring a project and data into P6 from specially formatted data sources. These may come.
from a variety of sources, including earlier versions of P6, Microsoft Project, and Excel.
+ Click Import in the ile menu —» select format — select Import type — browse the file in your
Compute select ES tree under which the fe wil be structured — select deu conguration

me aan mors rs a

98. Export lets you send projects and data out of PS into à data file.
‘+ Click export in the file menu -» Export + select format _ select export type — browse the file
destination to be located in your computer — select default configuration then - finish

re aan SOM A rs sc

99. o

‘pa roma =
En, an
Fra” | est
E ===) a

lees Lee
— =
Pee To on ‘leave
f= ee

ES

3.5.2

Printing report

Reporting is getting data from the system into a format where you can share it with others, Usually
this report is a printout, a POF file, or an Excel workbook. With P6, there are many ways by which you
can retrieve and view data. P6 Professional has two reporting system: Screen Printing and Reports.

3.5.2.1 Screen printing

Choose File - «Print Preview. This brings up a screen showing what the output would Look like on your
printer. Then Click on Page in Page setup dialog box — make Paper size A3 —+ Click on Page Setup
Option Tab -+ select Timescale-Start as PS (project start date) and Timescale-Finish as PF (Project
finish date). Header and footer can also edit on Header and Footer tab in Page Setup dialog box.

100. me spa nor EA

102. 3.522 Reports
P6 comes with a reporting engine and a set of preconfigured reports.

You can see these reports by clicking on Tools —Reports Reports. This brings up a tab showing a
number of reports grouped by area of functionality. Then right-lick a report and click on Run — Report
then view and save it in a number of formats and with a number of options.

Page setup layout can be done based on previous procedures.

A A]

103. 3.5.2.3 Time-scaled logic diagram
is described as a cross between a Gantt chart and a Logic diagram, and
is helpful when reviewing the logic and critical paths of the project as a whole, It helps to view

and print reports in more compact and visible form.

‘To create timescale logic diagram: Click on Visualizer tab in Toolbar — ORACLE Primavera pá Visualizer
Window will be appeared.

‘Then click on the symbol "+" — select TSLD — from Open or Create timescale logic diagram Dialog
box select project name that 1 to be printed - Next —choose your layout (give name Tr-1) —»
then click on “Draw * —+ from the drawn TSLD, Click on option — line — mark the relationship
Line checkbox + save and draw Print — select printer type and adjust paper size as required
(use A3).

aa ara CNE Y PEE PO

104. 3.5.3 Establish Reference (baseline) Schedule

Once the basetine schedule is approved by consultant, save your project as basetine.
+ To create baseline: click on Menu — Project — Maintain baseline —+ add — give appropriate
name then the baseline will be created.
+ To assign the baseline to your project so that monitoring and performance tracking can be
pertgrmes during project execution: ic on Menu — Project — Assign bein > Project
ine.

105. References

[IL Ws, DelPics, Project contrel: Integrating cost and schedule in construction, John Wiley & Sans, Inc,
Hoboken, New Jersey, 2013.

{MI T.E.Uher, Programming and scheduling techniques, UNSW Pres, Sydney, N.S.W, 203.

[3] Project Management Body of Knowledge. 2013. Sth edition. Newtown Square, PA, Project Management
Institute,

A] Amos, Scott 4., Editor, Skis and Knowledge of Cost Engineering, Sth ed. Morgantown, WV: AACE
International, 2004,

15] Tsegaye M. Efficient procedure for construction Scheduting during planning phase. Journal of Construction
Management and Economic, 2018.

A rs sc

106. ANNEXES.

A. Sample standard reports
1. Standard Gant char report

ES. = >=

2. Resource (Labour and Machineries) Allocation schedule on weekly basis

107. 3. Cash inflow schedule on Monthly Bass (Schedule of Payment)

To now shee Boon HTD

Senge con Bas
ts mon)
tte a common Car Ba on!
an
urn Combi amo] soma]
Ben Er
orion nk Cam Bad |
en
tr ab ent Cam Ba ra)
ut
pa on batt ‘opm pm)
Botnet |
4. Physical Plan on weekly basis (alocated crew productivity monitoring)
20 ar] al | as] ae] ae] s| 12
Activity Total Now: | Nove | Dec sane | san
Name cunts | Quantity 191 19| 19. 201 “0
setting out [is 11040 | 0.0
Testing and
commissioning | Ls 1 0.25 | 045 | 0.20
Earthwork 00 000. 1,600 | 2,00
Reitorced
‘concrete work |mi 100. 25.00 las |»
Sanitary &
elecirial
wor 1 020 |0.50 | 0.30
Fishing work | ts 1 0.40 | 0.60

108. 5. Project Calendar (5-day working days and Standard Ethiopian Holydays considered)

109. B. Effects of calendar on critical path (graphical illustration)
1. Critical path method project working duration (7 day working calendar for each activity and
Predecessor calendar s used for Lag between activities): project durations (Working days = 100,
Calendar days 100 days), ABCDG Critical path.

ae] sen ri

Figure 81 Gent chan

110. 2. Critical path method project working duration (7-day working calendar for ABCDG, S-day for € &
F, and Predecessor calendar is used for Lag between activities): project durations ( Working days
= 83, Calendar days = 115 days), ABEFG Critical path.

i a no |

a IA A

Figure 82 Gon con

111. ige sc sect
3. Critical path method project working duration (7-day working calendar for ABCDG, Seday for E &
F, and Successor calendar is used for Lag between activities): project durations (Working days =

DCR [eT

© A EE ann
F coi un Doo Henn Di | — ini
seis —
O E ma
E == =

Figure 84 Gent chant

112. 4, Critical path method project working duration (7-day working calendar for ABCDG, 5-day for E &
F, and Default calendar is used for Lag between activities}: project durations (Working days = 85,
Calendar days = 119 days), ABEFG Critical path.

re vo arn SOM A rs en

113. We einai een |

‘sa doses sea |

i

me oc rar SOM nr en