CORE 14 HIND SWARAJ Presentation.pptx MSU Baroda

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1. CORE 14 – Politics, Ideology, and English Studies in India UNIT – 03 HIND SWARAJ – MAHATMA GANDHI Presented by: AKSHAY KUMAR SINGH UMANGI AKOLKAR VIPUL RATHAVA KHUSHI PANCHOLI

2. Introduction In the preface to “Hind Swaraj,” Gandhi emphasizes his commitment to evolving understanding of truth and urges readers to prioritize later writings in case of inconsistencies. He critiques excessive reliance on machinery driven by greed and advocates for its nationalization and control to prevent exploitation, making exceptions for essential needs. Additionally, Gandhi explains the origins and significance of “Hind Swaraj,” advocating for incremental change guided by non-violence and love rather than wholesale destruction of modern civilization. He addresses criticisms of exploiting turmoil for personal gain.

3. 1. THE CONGRESS AND ITS OFFICIALS - The editor, representing Gandhi’s views, addresses the reader’s confusion and scepticism about Indian Home Rule. - The editor explains that the Indian National Congress was founded to promote the idea of Indian nationality and gain control over revenue and expenditure, laying the foundation for self-governance. Despite doubts, the Congress leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale played significant roles in the nationalist movement, advocating cooperation with the British.

4. 02.THE PARTITION OF BENGAL - The editor discusses the impact of the Partition of Bengal on the Indian nationalist movement with the reader. The editor credits the Partition, orchestrated by Lord Curzon, for awakening a strong sense of resistance and unity among Indians. -This oppressive act sparked widespread outrage and prompted a shift towards a more assertive and militant approach in addressing grievances. Despite these divisions, the dialogue emphasizes how the Partition served as a catalyst for intensifying the Indian nationalist movement, fostering a more unified approach towards achieving self-rule.

5. 03. DISCONTENT AND UNREST

6. 04.WHAT IS SWARAJ? The dialogue between the reader and the editor explores their differing interpretations of Swaraj, or self-rule. It underscores the nuanced nature of Swaraj and the need for thoughtful introspection to achieve genuine self-rule, considering India’s history, culture, and aspirations.

7. 05.THE CONDITION OF ENGLAND - The editor expresses critical views on the condition of England and its government. They describe the English Parliament as ineffective and liken it to a “sterile woman” and a “prostitute,” criticizing its lack of initiative and effectiveness. - The editor accuses members of Parliament of hypocrisy, selfishness, and fear-driven party loyalty, portraying Parliament as a costly toy rather than an effective governing body.. Overall, the editor’s views reflect deep scepticism towards England’s political system and societal values, urging caution and critical thinking in India’s pursuit of self-rule.

8. 06. Civilization - The chapter begins with a reader's inquiry about civilization, prompting the editor to offer a critical examination of modern civilization. - The editor compares the allure of modern civilization to a hypnotic trance, suggesting that people often accept its virtues without questioning its negative aspects. - He criticizes modern civilization for its focus on material comfort over morality and religion, warning of its dehumanizing effects and eventual self-destruction. - Despite his criticisms, the editor expresses sympathy for the English people and believes they will overcome the negative aspects of civilization.

9. 07: Why was India Lost? - The reader questions why England was able to control India if civilization is considered a disease, prompting the editor to explain that Indians allowed British influence through trade. - The editor emphasizes the importance of understanding India's situation rather than blaming external factors like England. - He highlights the role of Indian cooperation in helping British control over India, warning against blaming the English without acknowledging Indian complicity.  

10. 08: The Condition of India - The editor expresses concern about India's suffering under British rule, attributing it to the weight of modern civilization rather than English domination. - He criticizes India's loss of religious values and emphasizes the importance of balancing worldly pursuits with spiritual values. - Despite acknowledging religious conflicts in India, the editor argues that the negative impact of civilization outweighs the harm caused by religious superstition.

11. 09: The Condition of India (Continued): Railways - The editor critiques the detrimental effects of railways on India, including helping British control, spreading diseases, intensifying starvations, and damaging holy places. - Despite the reader's defense of railways as developing Indian nationalism, the editor argues that they have divided rather than unified India. - He highlights India's inherent unity and criticizes the perception of diversity promoted by railways as detrimental to national unity.

12. 10: The Condition of India (Continued): The Hindus and the Mohomedans - The editor addresses the reader's concerns about Hindu-Muslim unity, attributing divisions to the influence of modern conveniences like railways. - He dismisses claims of inherent enmity between Hindus and Muslims, emphasizing shared ancestry and humanity. - The editor advocates for mutual respect and understanding among different religious communities, urging Indians to resolve internal disputes without external intervention.

13. 11. The condition of India (continued): lawyers The chapter discusses the editor’s critical perspective on lawyers in India, arguing that they have enslaved India, Have accentuated Hindu-Mahomedan dissension and confirmed English authority in India. Reader challenges this claims. E.g. Manmohan Ghosh who helped poor people. Editor believes that profession teaches immorality. Hindu Muslim quarrel is often due to the intervention of lawyers. Lawyers have tightened the English grip in India.

14. 12. The condition of India (continued): Doctor The chapter critiques the medical profession, arguing that doctors can act immorally for personal Gain, exploiting patients and perpetuating unhealthy habits. Doctors have almost unhinged us. The hospital are institution for propagating sin among people. Doctors violates our region instincts.

15. 13. What is true civilization? The editor responds to a reader’s query about true civilization, highlighting India’s unique Preservation of ancient values. According editor civilization is the mode of conduct that guides human on the path of duty. By performing duty and acting morally, one gains mastery over the mind and passion leading to self understanding. He urge to preserve ancient Indian civilization.

16. 14. How can India become free? The editor argues that removing the Cause of India’s slavery would lead to its freedom, likening It to removing a disease by addressing its root cause. The reader question how the editor accounts for India slavery. Editor Opinion that not all of India is touched by slavery , those affected by Western civilization have become enslaved. He advocates for self-rule (Swaraj) , each individual must experience it for themselves. The reader doubts the possibility of English assimilation and suggests historical Precedent of removing them by force, citing examples like Italy’s Garibaldi and Mazzini.

17. 15. Italy and India The editor acknowledges the perspectives of Garibaldi and Mazzini regarding Italy’s condition, Highlighting Mazzini’s broader ambition for self-rule. However, Galibaldi urged every Italian to Take up arms simply wanting Italy free from Austrian rule. Editor more emphasis on of prioritizing the happiness and welfare of the masses over merely seeking control. Rejecting Armed conflict, he advocates for non-violence and self-sacrifice as the true paths to freedom.

18. 16. Brute force:   The conversation is about whether it's justified to use brute force to achieve a goal, particularly in the context of India's struggle for independence from British rule. Gandhiji disagrees. Gandhi emphasizes the importance of using righteous means to achieve a righteous end, highlighting that the English may have gained certain rights through force, but they haven't fulfilled their corresponding duties, leading to a situation where everyone wants rights, but nobody thinks of their duties.   However, Gandhi argues against using brute force or Hindrevenge , as it can lead to a cycle of violence and unrest. He distinguishes between two types of force: the force of arms, which leads to negative consequences, and "love-force" or passive resistance, which is more powerful and enduring.

19. 17. Passive resistance:   - Passive resistance is a way of standing up for one's rights or principles without using physical force.   - Instead of fighting back with weapons, passive resistance involves refusing to obey unjust laws or actions, even if it means facing punishment or personal suffering. Gandhi argues that blindly obeying unjust laws is contrary to human dignity and freedom.   -Passive resistance requires sacrifice and strength of character, as it involves standing firm in the face of oppression or injustice without retaliating with violence.

20. 18. Education:   - Gandhi believes that true education should focus on developing virtues such as self-discipline, moral integrity, and compassion.   - He believes that true service comes from the heart, and he uses his own experiences to demonstrate the limitations of conventional education.   - Gandhi recognizes the practical necessity of English education in certain spheres, such as legal proceedings and communication with English-speaking individuals.   - He suggests that those already educated in English should use their knowledge responsibly and prioritize teaching moral values to future generations in their native languages.

21. 19 . Machinery:   - Gandhi strongly criticizes the impact of machinery on India, attributing the impoverishment of the country to the proliferation of Manchester cloth and the establishment of mills.   - When discussing other machine-made items like matches, pins, and glassware, Gandhi suggests following the example of pre-industrial India by abstaining from using these products.   -He advocates for the promotion of Swadeshi (indigenous) goods and a gradual shift away from reliance on machinery, emphasizing that such actions are essential for achieving Home Rule and preserving Indian values.  

22. 20. Conclusion:   - To the English rulers, Gandhi advocates for a respectful but firm approach.   - He acknowledges their status as rulers but asserts that they must act as servants of the people, relinquishing the idea of deriving commercial benefits from India.   - He also urges them to respect Indian culture and religious sentiments, emphasizing the superiority of Indian civilization.   - He acknowledges the military strength of the English but asserts that the Indian people will not submit to actions contrary to their will.   Gandhi urges the English to abandon their current civilization and engage in a mutually beneficial relationship with India based on mutual respect and understanding.  

23. THANK YOU