Coronary Artery Disease.ppt for students of bsc nursing

useful material for study

1. Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease
1.1.Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the
arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (the
coronary arteries) become hardened and coronary arteries) become hardened and
narrowed.narrowed.
2. The arteries harden and narrow due to buildup of 2. The arteries harden and narrow due to buildup of
a material called plaque (plak) on their inner walls. a material called plaque (plak) on their inner walls.

2. Reduced or cutoff blood flow and oxygen Reduced or cutoff blood flow and oxygen
supply to the heart muscle can result insupply to the heart muscle can result in
AnginaAngina
Heart attackHeart attack
Heart failureHeart failure

ArrhythmiasArrhythmias

3. Causes Coronary Artery DiseaseCauses Coronary Artery Disease
Atherosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of the Atherosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of the
inside walls of arteries). inside walls of arteries).

4. Cont.Cont.

Narrow the arteries. This reduces the amount of blood Narrow the arteries. This reduces the amount of blood
and oxygen that reaches the heart muscle. and oxygen that reaches the heart muscle.

Completely block the arteries. This stops the flow of Completely block the arteries. This stops the flow of
blood to the heart muscle.blood to the heart muscle.

Cause blood clots to form. This can block the arteries Cause blood clots to form. This can block the arteries
that supply blood to the heart muscle that supply blood to the heart muscle

5. Risk Factors That Cannot Be Modified:Risk Factors That Cannot Be Modified:
Age.Age. As you get older, your risk for CAD increases. As you get older, your risk for CAD increases.
–In men, risk increases after age 45. In men, risk increases after age 45.
–In women, risk increases after age 55. In women, risk increases after age 55.
Family history of early heart disease.Family history of early heart disease.
–Heart disease diagnosed before age 55 in father or Heart disease diagnosed before age 55 in father or
brother. brother.
–Heart disease diagnosed before age 65 in mother or Heart disease diagnosed before age 65 in mother or
sister. sister.

6. Risk Factors That Can Be Modified:Risk Factors That Can Be Modified:
High blood cholesterol High blood cholesterol
High blood pressureHigh blood pressure

Cigarette smokingCigarette smoking

Diabetes Diabetes
Overweight or obesityOverweight or obesity

Lack of physical activityLack of physical activity

7. Other Potential Risk FactorsOther Potential Risk Factors
According to some research studies, high blood levels ofAccording to some research studies, high blood levels of
a substance called C-reactive protein (CRP) may bea substance called C-reactive protein (CRP) may be
associated with an increased risk of developing CAD andassociated with an increased risk of developing CAD and
having a heart attack. having a heart attack.

8. Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Artery Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Artery
DiseaseDisease
Chest pain or chest discomfort (angina) or pain in one or Chest pain or chest discomfort (angina) or pain in one or
both arms or in the left shoulder, neck, jaw, or backboth arms or in the left shoulder, neck, jaw, or back

Shortness of breath Shortness of breath
In some people, the first sign of CAD is a heart attackIn some people, the first sign of CAD is a heart attack

9. Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosed?Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosed?
These procedures are used to:These procedures are used to:
Decide if you have CAD Decide if you have CAD
Determine the extent and severity of the diseaseDetermine the extent and severity of the disease

Rule out other possible causes of your symptoms Rule out other possible causes of your symptoms

10. Cont.Cont.
ECG (electrocardiogram).ECG (electrocardiogram).

EchocardiogramEchocardiogram
Stress Test. Stress Test.
Nuclear heart scanningNuclear heart scanning

Doctor also may order two newer tests along with stressDoctor also may order two newer tests along with stress
testing if more information is needed about how welltesting if more information is needed about how well
heart works. These new tests are magnetic resonance heart works. These new tests are magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) and positron emission ,tomography (PET) imaging (MRI) and positron emission ,tomography (PET)
scanning of the heart. scanning of the heart.

11. Cont.Cont.
Chest x rayChest x ray

Cardiac catheterizationCardiac catheterization
Coronary angiographyCoronary angiography
Nuclear heart scanNuclear heart scan
Electron beam computed tomography Electron beam computed tomography

12. Doctor may also order the following blood tests:Doctor may also order the following blood tests:
A fasting glucose test to check your blood sugar level A fasting glucose test to check your blood sugar level
A fasting lipoprotein profile to check your cholesterol levels A fasting lipoprotein profile to check your cholesterol levels