Courtship Kalyan.pptx

courtship in animals msc first sem

1. UTTAM MEMORIAL COLLEGE RAIGARH (C.G.) Topic…. Courtship Guided by ….. Miss Daya mam Presented by … Kalyan Singh Nayak Class … M.Sc Zoology 1 st Sem

2. Synopsis :- 1. Introd u ction 2. Cause of courtship 3. Characters of courtship 4. Origin of courtship 5. Examples of Courtship in animals 6. Attention in courtship 7. Breed care and courtship 8. Significance 9. Conclusion 10. References Courtship

3. Introduction :- The term courtship refers to the behavioural interactions that occurs between males and females before , during , and just after act of mating . Courtship is animals behaviour by which different species select their partners for reproduction . It is a part of reproductive behaviour . In various species time of courtship is also different-different . In some animals it has short period and some animals it has long term period . 2. Cause of courtship :- Courtship activities occurs in between individuals of same species . It is either external fertilisation or internal fertilisation . Due to following reasons :- Evolutionary Aspects :- in evolutionary terms courtship provides chances for better survival . Those animals are courting they increase their species and generations and those animals not courting they cannot increase their generation . They are sterile and loss.

4. According to Charles Darwin :- Courtship sometimes helps male and female to find each other . To indicate suitable breeding sites each other . Mechanical cause :- in a mature male during reproductive time its body circulates some hormones that results he understand female stimuli and responses to them . 3. Characteristics of courtship :- Mate finding Persuation Synchronization Reproductive isolation

5. Mate finding :- in higher animals , mate finding is highly organized process which involves one or more of the senses such as – vision , smell , sound , even taste . 2. Persuation :- male perform certain behavioural activities (produce signals) which stimulate females until she becomes sexually receptive . 3. Synchronization :- the occurrence of the same behaviour in a male and female of same species at the same time is called Synchronization. It is especially important in species in which there external fertilization . 4. Reproductive isolation :- the courtship ensure that animals mate only with a members of their own species .

6. 4. Origin of courtship :- Tinberzen observed that territorial behaviour and copulation occurs same time . They said that territorial defence is essentials in a reproductive period . Those animals courtship displays (show) they defence their territory in reproductive period . fishes , reptiles , amphibians , and mammals protect their territory in reproductive period . Before stating of reproductive period male and female occupance each other and protect their copulatory partner . They repeatly survey their territory so other animals not enters in that area . Male and live stayed that place when their childern not fully developed . L orenz and T inberzen supposed that territorial place is origin of courtship .

7. 5. Examples of courtship behaviour :- Spider :- spiders are predatory animals . Female spiders are cannibalastic too . Male spider are small and weaker , he sexually stimulates female and suppress her non-sexual characteres . Male spider present the female wit nuptial gift in the form of an unwrapped insect . While female unwrap the gift and eat insect , the male is able to mate with her .

8. 2. Scorpion :- Male scorpion , he sexually stimulates female and suppress her non-sexual characteres so that she may not eat him . in scorpion courtship takes place in the form of a special dance called “Promenade A Deus” . On finding a suitable mate , male and female scorpion stand face to face with their upraised tails and move in circles . Then the male seizes female with his padilop and they together walk forword and backwaord ( Pronmenade ) . this dance process takes 10 min-hours . Then male find a suitable site on ground and deposit his spermatophore ( sperms packet/pouches) . Then the female pickup the spermatophores and take over genital area . pressure on the lever of spermatophore releases the sperm mass , which is taken into the female orifice .

9. 3. Fish :- Three Spined sticklebeck fish --- the reproductive behaviour activates in longer day length / spring season . That results male belly region color change into blood red color and females abdomen become enlarge . Due to this types of changes breeding seasons the male left their groups and became their own self territory (nest) . This nest is built of algae and weeds in bottom sandy place . The male defend their territory from other males . now male attract the female with zig zag dance pattern , then male shows nest and give signals to female to enter in it . She enters the nest and spawns (egg layout) and then swims out from other side . The male follow her through the nest and fertilize the eggs . if the female is not going in nest male immidiately starts quiering (gentle tapping) .

10. 4. Amphibians :- male bullfrogs and toads produce sounds by their vocal cord and ampilify them by inflatable sacs present in their mouth , because sound become more louder and longer and attractive to females. Ova and sperms are release simultaneously and external fertilization takes place in water.

11. 5. Reptiles :- many species of snakes copulation through olfactory stimulation . They courtship display through drammatic dance . By this dancing process they stimulates each other and also shows aggressive behavior .

12. 6. Birds :- Herring Gulls – both male and female bob their heads upward uttering a soft melodious call with each bob . After a series of such mutual head tossing the male takes the initiative in copulations and suddenly mounts and mates.

13. 7. Mammals :- Courting in elephants – the elephants use tactile signals during courtship . The trunk plays an important role in courtship behaviour . After chasing the female the male caresses her head , trunk and tusk , then male and female courting .

14. 6.Attraction and courtship :- whether fertilization is external or internal one partner must interact the other to take up mating posture this is called attraction and courtship. A courting animal can draw variety of signals such as :- ---Sound :- frogs , toads , zingur ---Color :- butterfly , chamaeleon ---Light :- Jugunu 7. Brood care and courtship :- brood care and courtship is a two forms of one coin . Male Sticklebeck fish build nest , in that female comes and egg layout but eggs are caring by males .

15. 8. Conclusion :- in this way we say that courtship is a one types of reproductive behavior that is occurs in between male and female of same species amd those species produce their offsprings and forword their generations . 9. References :- Animal Behavior -- Dr. V. K. Agarwal Animal Behavior – Dr. Reena Mathur By Net

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