Cream Brown Bright Simple Minimalist Education Learning Psychology Presentation.pdf

Psychology PresentatioN

1. BEHAVIORIST
PSYCHOLOGY

2. Behaviorism dominated
20th century psychology.
It includes, among others,
the following:

3. Connectionism

4. *Born August 31, 1874
* Died August 9, 1949
Born in Williamsburg,
Massachusetts
*Studied animal behaviour and the learning
process led to the theory of connectionism
Laying the foundation for modern
educational psychology.
Edward Lee Thorndike

5. Thorndike's work focused on the principles of learning
through connections between stimuli and responses. He
introduced the concept of the "law of effect," which states
that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more
likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by unpleasant
consequences are less likely to be repeated. This idea
influenced educational theorists like Ralph Tyler and Hilda
Taba, who emphasized the importance of understanding how
students learn and designing curriculum accordingly.

6. Classical Conditioning

7. Ivan Pavlov
Born September 14th, 1849
Died on February 27th, 1936
Received a medical degree at age 33
Father of Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlonian
conditioning
His studies on the digestive system won him the Nobel
prize in 1904
Pavlov's work set the foundation for John B. Watson,
and his idea of behaviorism
Used theories of associative learning and
behaviorism to create his own theory of
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov

8. Ivan Pavlov: Pavlov's experiments with dogs
demonstrated the process of classical
conditioning, where a neutral stimulus
becomes associated with a reflex response
through repeated pairings. This laid the
foundation for understanding how behaviors
can be influenced by environmental stimuli.

9. Operant Conditioning

10. Born: 20/03/1904
He developed operant conditioning, emphasizing
consequences in behavior.
Skinner used controlled environments like Skinner boxes
to study animal behavior.
His work laid the foundation for applied behavior analysis.
Main Theories: Positive & Negative Reinforcement,
Operant Behavior, Escape Learning, Avoidence Learning
and Behavior Modification.
Burrhus Frederic Skinner

11. Skinner expanded on the principles of
behaviorism by focusing on operant
conditioning, which involves the modification of
behavior through reinforcement or punishment.
He introduced concepts such as positive
reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive
punishment, and negative punishment, which
have been widely applied in various fields,
including education and therapy.

12. Modeling and Observation theory

13. Born on December 4, 1925
Canadian, American
Studied at University of British Columbia
and University of Lowa.
Researched and taught at Stanford University
Elected president of American Psychological
Association in 1974Famous for research on
social learning theories.
Albert Bandura

14. Albert Bandura's social learning theory suggests
that individuals learn by observing others and the
consequences of their actions. Bandura's theory
emphasizes social modeling and vicarious
reinforcement as influential factors in shaping
behavior, alongside individual experiences
and cognitive processes.

15. Hierachical Learning / Sets of
behavior and five learning
outcomes.

16. Robert Gagne
Born in Aug 21, 1916
Died in April 28, 2002
Born in in North Andover,
Massachusetts
educational psychologist best
known for his "Conditions of
Learning involved in applying
instructional theory to the
design of computer based learning

17. Albert Bandura's social learning
theory suggests that individuals
learn by observing others and the
consequences of their actions.
Bandura's theory emphasizes social
modeling and vicarious reinforcement
as influential factors in shaping behavior,
alongside individual experiences and cognitive
processes.

18. Intellectual skills
or
“knowing how’’

19. Behaviorists would view intellectual skills such
as categorizing, symbol usage, forming concepts,
and problem-solving as learned behaviors.
These skills are acquired through repeated practice and
reinforcement.
For instance, problem-solving abilities
are developed through trial-and-error learning,
with successful solutions being reinforced
through rewards or positive outcomes.

20. Information or “knowing what”

21. In behaviorist psychology, information acquisition is
seen as a process of stimulus-response learning.
Knowledge about facts, dates, and names is learned
through repetition and reinforcement. For example,
students memorize facts through rote learning, with
correct responses being reinforced through rewards
or positive feedback.

22. Cognitive strategies or
learning skills

23. Behaviorists would consider cognitive strategies and
learning skills as behaviors that are learned through
conditioning. Techniques such as study habits,
memorization techniques, and problem-solving
strategies are acquired through repeated practice and
reinforcement of successful behaviors.

24. Motor skills

25. Motor skills are viewed as behaviors that are learned
through practice and reinforcement. Behaviorists use
techniques such as shaping and chaining to teach
motor skills, breaking down complex movements into
smaller, more manageable steps and reinforcing
successful execution of each step.

26. Attitudes, feelings, and
emotions learned through
experiences

27. Behaviorists believe that attitudes, feelings,
and emotions are learned behaviors that are
shaped through interactions with the environment.
Positive experiences lead to the reinforcement
of positive attitudes and emotions, while negative
experiences lead to the reinforcement of
negative attitudes and emotions.
Behaviorists may use techniques such
as modeling and reinforcement to shape
desired attitudes and emotions in individuals.

28. The listed learning outcomes overlap with
the domains in the taxonomy of educational objectives,
which are cognitive, affective and psychomotor.
To the behaviourist, learning should be organized so
students can experience success in the process
of mastering the subject matter.

29. In summary, behaviorist psychology explains these
categories as learned behaviors that are acquired
through conditioning, reinforcement, and repetition.
Behaviors are shaped through interactions with the
environment, and desirable behaviors are reinforced
through rewards or positive outcomes.

30. The End
Thank You for Listening
ADRIAN-JAY
ATENDIDO