cryogenic material

describe cryogenic material and advantage

1. CRYOGENICS PRESENTED BY SAURABH SONKER (email- [email protected]) UNDER GUIDENCE OF PROF. A K DUBEY MNNIT ALLAHABAD

2. INTRODUCTION cryogenics is the study of the production and behavior of materials at very low temperatures (below −150 °C, −238 °F or 123 K ). The study of how to withstand very low temperatures. Property of material change when cooled to cryogenic temperature

3. Cryogenic steel are used to store and transport liquefied gases below the temperature of -157.5 deg. For example, 5% nickel based steel can work at -120 deg. C

4. CRYOGENIC MATERIAL FOR VARIOUS TEMPRATURE MATERIAL TEMPERATURE (ºC) GAS USED Carbon steel -33.4 Ammonia Fine grain Al-killed steel -42.1 - 45.5 Propane (LPG) 2.25% Ni steel -47.7 Propylene 3.5% Ni steel -59.5 Hydrogene sulphide 5-9% Ni steel -103.8 Ethylene (LEG) Austenitic stainless steel -195.8 Nitrogen Al alloys -249.6 Heavy Hydrogen

5. Property of cryogenic material Mechanical property Yield and Ultimate Strengths Fatigue Strength Impact Strength Hardness and Ductility Elastic Moduli

6. Property of cryogenic material Thermal property Thermal Expansion/Contraction Specific Heat Thermal Conductivity

7. Mechanical property Yield and Ultimate Strengths The yield and ultimate strength of various commonly used materials increases with decrease in temperature . Fatigue Strength The fatigue strength increases as the temperature decreases . Impact Strength the impact strength of the materials decreases with decrease in temperature .

8. Mechanical property Ductility the ductility of the materials decreases with decrease in the temperature . Hardness The hardness increases as the temperature decreases.

9. Thermal property Thermal Expansion/Contraction The coefficient of thermal expansion decreases with the decrease in temperature Specific Heat The specific heat decreases with the decrease in temperature Thermal Conductivity Thermal conductivity decreases with decrease with temperature.

10. TYPES OF WELDING USED IN CRYOGENIC MATERIAL Shield metal arc welding Submerge arc welding Gas metal arc welding Tungsten inert gas welding

11. Weld defect during welding Porosity Susceptibility to high-temperature embrittlement by sulfur and other contaminants Cracking in the weld bead, caused by high heat input and excessive welding speeds Stress-corrosion cracking in service .

12. A pplication Aerospace-cryogenic engines Medical Field Manufacturing field Electronics Field

13. Aerospace-cryogenic engines A cryogenic rocket engine uses a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer (or both) is liquefied and stored at very low temperatures. ISRO is developing a high thrust cryogenic engine to be used for the upper stage of its heavy lift launch vehicle GSLV Mk-III.  This high thrust cryogenic engine produces a nominal thrust of 196.5 kN in vacuum with a specific impulse of 434 seconds.

14. Medical Field Cryosurgery (also called cryo therapy) is the use of extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen (or argon gas) to destroy abnormal tissue. Cryosurgery is used to treat external tumors, such as those on the skin. For internal tumors, liquid nitrogen is circulated through a hollow instrument called a cryoprobe . Cryosurgery has been used for many years in the treatment of skin cancer

15. Manufacturing field Recycling of Materials By freezing the automobile tire in Liquid nitrogen, the rubber is made brittle & can be crushed into small particles. Cryogenic cooling is used to cool the tool tip at the time of machining. It increases the tool life . To make LNG storage tank.

16. Electronics Field Superconducting electronic devices Zero friction bearing. Superconducting electric motors approach zero electric losses. Used in MRI machine.