Cryptochidism.pptx THIS ESPECILALYY FOR BSC NURSING STUDENTS

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1. UNDESCENDED TESTES ( CRYPTOCHIDISM )

2. Definition Undescended testes is a condition in which one or both of the testicles do not descend into scrotum during fetal development.

3. Risk Factors  Family history of genital developmental problems. Low birth weight. Down's syndrome. Cigarette smoking by mother while pregnant. Use of alcohol during pregnancy. Parent's exposure to pesticides. Neural tube defects.

4. Prematurity Small for gestational age. Having other abnormalities of genitalia.

5. Clinical Manifestations Not feeling or seeing testicle in the scrotum. • +/- inguinal fullness

6. Diagnostic Evaluation History collection Laparoscopy Physical examination

7. Management Surgical Management Orchiopexy : This procedure involves manipulation of the testicle into scrotum and permanently fixing it there.

8. Hormone Therapy: In this therapy, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is injected which could cause the testicle to move into scrotum. Saline Testicular Prosthesi s: These can be implanted during adolescence that give normal appearance to testes.

9. Nursing Management Assessment Monitor input and output. Monitor vital signs. Monitor the patient weight daily. Monitor blood pressure frequently. Monitor signs of hypovolemia . Assess the level of pain. Assess complaints of restlessness. Assess skin turgor Monitor incision site to assess signs of infections.

10. Nursing Interventions Administer analgesics as prescribed. Administer antispasmodic to relieve bladder spasm. Administer intravenous fluids as ordered. Provide appropriate wound care. Encourage the patient to use non-pharmacologi-cal comfort measures. Provide psychological support to the patient about genital appearance.

11. Complications Subfertility Testicular torsion Testicular cancer Inguinal hernia Cosmetic and psychological problems Injury of the undescended testis Seminoma • Epididymo-orchitis