CULTURE AND VALUES IN THE PHILIPINES DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

1. Lesson 4.2 Culture and Values in the Philippines

2. What situations exemplify our values as Filipinos? You will probably answer close family ties, utang na loob , or pakikisama . 2

3. From these values, we can see that Filipinos place importance on interpersonal relationships. 3

4. 4 Value the role of interpersonal relations in Philippine culture (HUMSS_DIS11_IVe_2).

5. 5 Discuss Filipino values. Explore personal and social experiences using indigenous concepts.

6. 6 Filipinos Values in Everyday Life

7. The Study of Filipino Values 7 Sikolohiyang Pilipino started by Virgilio Enriquez to counteract beliefs of foreign social scientists to reinterpret Filipino values based on sociocultural context

8. 8 How do values help you become a better Filipino?

9. The Study of Filipino Values In the 1960s, Filipino values became the focus of research for social scientists in the Philippines. The central question of the research was to explain why the Philippines has not yet achieved the status of a well-developed nation. 9

10. The Study of Filipino Values 10 Social scientists like McClelland proposed that it is important to foster traits such as self - reliance and independence among children in order for the Philippines to achieve progress.

11. The Study of Filipino Values 11 The argument of many social scientists back then was that Filipino values of interpersonal relationships such as pakikisama , close family ties, and bahala na did not foster these traits.

12. The Study of Filipino Values 12 Economic Security "The ability to meet ordinary material needs without borrowing—that is, through one’s resources or those of his own segment" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973)

13. The Study of Filipino Values 13 Social Acceptance A value that is enjoyed when one is accepted by his or her fellow men and women "for what he is, or believes he is, and is treated in accordance with his status" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973)

14. The Study of Filipino Values 14 Social Acceptance Can be acquired through a smooth interpersonal relations and hiya or amor propio Smooth Interpersonal Relations "A facility at getting along with others in such a way as to avoid outward signs of conflict" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973)

15. The Study of Filipino Values 15 Smooth Interpersonal Relations Can be acquired through pakikisama , euphemism , and go - between

16. The Study of Filipino Values 16 Pakikisama An act of giving in or following the lead or suggestion of another ”Companionship” or “esteem”

17. The Study of Filipino Values 17 Euphemism "Stating of an unpleasant truth, opinion, or request as pleasantly as possible" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973) Euphemistic devices “siguro nga”

18. The Study of Filipino Values 18 Go-between "a third party who is used to assuage a bruise, heal a wound, or prevent injury" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973) employed when making an embarrassing request or to remedy an existing state of conflict or tension

19. The Study of Filipino Values 19 Hiya "the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973) a norm that helps define social behavior, particularly those that deal with face - to - face relations

20. The Study of Filipino Values 20 Hiya The proper translation of hiya in English is “sense of propriety.”

21. The Study of Filipino Values 21 Amor propio Sensitivity to personal affront

22. 22 What examples of hiya in daily social situations can you think of?

23. The Study of Filipino Values 23 Reciprocity A situation wherein every favor or request is repaid one way or the other Forms of Reciprocity Contractual, utang na loob or debt of gratitude, and quasi - contractual

24. The Study of Filipino Values 24 Contractual reciprocity Voluntary agreement between two individuals or groups of people regarding a future activity

25. The Study of Filipino Values 25 Utang na loob or debt of gratitude Defined by Kaut (1961) as “debt of gratitude” Defined by Andres (1991) as the “principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another” Defined by Enriquez as “gratitude” or “solidarity”

26. The Study of Filipino Values 26 Quasi - contractual reciprocity Automatically given without any prior agreement or arrangement

27. 27 How do you think utang na loob affects the professional attitude of service providers, especially those in the government?

28. Modified True or False. Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write false and correct the statement by replacing the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true. Filipinos work abroad as a way to establish smooth interpersonal relations . 28

29. Modified True or False. Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write false and correct the statement by replacing the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true. Accepting an invitation to join a drinking spree during a town fiesta is an example of pakikisama . 29

30. Modified True or False. Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write false and correct the statement by replacing the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true. Helping a friend from whom you owe money is an example of reciprocity. 30

31. Modified True or False. Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write false and correct the statement by replacing the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true. Not wanting to be the first one to get food from the buffet table is an example of hiya . 31

32. Modified True or False. Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write false and correct the statement by replacing the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true. Giving a birthday gift to a doctor who helped you pay your hospital bill is an example of contractual reciprocity . 32

33. According to the Institute of Philippine Culture, values are standards that have been defined by one’s culture and are used to evaluate prestige, goodness, and attractiveness and serve as a basis for social living. Economic security is "the ability to meet ordinary material needs without borrowing; that is, through one’s resources or those of his own segment" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973). 33

34. Social acceptance is a value that is enjoyed when one is accepted by his or her fellow men and women "for what he is, or believes he is, and is treated in accordance with his status" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973). Social acceptance can be acquired through smooth interpersonal relations and hiya or amor propio. 34

35. Smooth interpersonal relations are "a facility at getting along with others in such a way as to avoid outward signs of conflict" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973). Smooth interpersonal relations can be attained through pakikisama , euphemism, and go-between. 35

36. Pakikisama means “companionship” or “esteem,” according to Virgilio Enriquez. Euphemism is the "stating of an unpleasant truth, opinion, or request as pleasantly as possible" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973). A go-between is "a third party who is used to assuage a bruise, heal a wound, or prevent injury" (Lynch and de Guzman 1973). 36

37. The historian Zeus Salazar defines hiya as “sense of propriety.” Amor propio is defined as sensitivity to personal affront. 37

38. Reciprocity is a situation wherein every favor or request is repaid one way or the other. Its types are contractual reciprocity, utang na loob or debt of gratitude, and quasi-contractual reciprocity. 38

39. Short-Paragraph Response. Explain the positive and negative effects of the following value in Philippine society. utang na loob

40. Short-Paragraph Response. Explain the positive and negative effects of the following value in Philippine society. pakikisama

41. Short-Paragraph Response. Explain the positive and negative effects of the following value in Philippine society. hiya or amor propio

42. Bayanihan 2 by Bonvallite is licensed under CC BY SA 3.0 via Wikimedia . 42

43. Gorospe, Vitaliano. Filipino Values Revisited. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore, Inc., 1988. Jocano, F. Landa. Filipino Value System: A Cultural Definition. Quezon City: Punlad Research House, 1997. Frank, Lynch, and Alfonso II de Guzman. Four Readings on Philippine Values. Quezon City, Ateneo de Manila Press, 1973. Pe-Pua, Rogelio and Elizabeth A. Protacio Marcelino. “Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology): a Legacy of Virgilio G. Enriquez.” Asian Journal of Psychology 3, no. 1 (2000): 49-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00054 Tan, Allen L. "Values Research in the Philippines." Philippine Studies 45, no. 4 (1997): 560-69. Accessed February 5, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42634246 . 43