CULTURE PART -2.pptx CULTURE BSC NURSINF STUDENTS

CULTURE

1. CULTURE

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE Culture is Learned Culture is not born with us; we learn it through interaction and experience. Culture is Shared It is common among members of a group or society, creating unity. Culture is Social Culture arises from social interaction, not individual behavior. Culture is Adaptive Culture changes according to the needs of the environment and society.

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE Culture is Continuous and Cumulative Culture is a continuous process; each generation adds to it. Culture is Dynamic It evolves and changes with time — influenced by technology, education, and contact with other cultures. Culture is Diverse Different groups have different cultures, leading to cultural diversity across the world. Culture Provides Identity Culture gives people a sense of who they are and where they belong.

4. Evolution of Culture Culture did not appear suddenly; it has evolved slowly over thousands of years , adapting to changes in human life, environment, and technology.

5. 1. Primitive (Prehistoric) Culture Time Period: Early human history (Stone Age) Way of Life: Humans lived a nomadic lifestyle — moving from place to place in search of food. Depended on hunting, fishing, and gathering wild fruits. Tools: Made of stones, bones, and wood. Language: No formal language; used signs, gestures, sounds. Shelter: Caves, temporary huts. Beliefs: Fear of natural forces like lightning, thunder — early religious beliefs (animism). Example: Early humans in the Paleolithic Age.

6. Agricultural Culture Time Period: Around 10,000 years ago (Neolithic Age) Way of Life: Humans discovered farming and domesticated animals . Led to permanent settlements — first villages and towns developed. Tools: More advanced stone and later metal tools. Social Structure: Beginning of families, property ownership, social divisions. Religion: Worship of nature gods (sun, rain, fertility). Impact: Foundation for civilization — surplus food allowed specialization (potters, weavers, etc.). Example: Indus Valley Civilization, Egyptian Civilization.

7. 3. Industrial Culture Time Period: Started around 18th century (Industrial Revolution) Way of Life: Shift from agriculture to machine-based production . Growth of cities (urbanization) as people moved for factory work. Technology: Steam engines, railways, factories. Social Changes: Development of working class and middle class. Education and Science: Increase in formal education, scientific inventions. Impact: Rise of capitalism, labor movements, new political ideas. Example: Britain, Europe, America during the 18th–19th centuries.

8. 4. Technological / Information Culture Time Period: 20th century onwards Way of Life: Use of advanced technology — computers, internet, mobile phones. Rapid communication, social media, global businesses. Globalization: Cultures influencing each other across countries. Knowledge Economy: Importance of information, education, innovation. Impact: Faster spread of ideas, mixing of cultural practices, but also cultural identity crises in some societies. Example: Social media platforms, multinational corporations, online education.

9. 5. Transcultural and Global Society (Current Stage) Way of Life: Different cultures live together, respect and exchange traditions . More cultural tolerance, international migration, multicultural societies. Impact on Health and Lifestyle: Adoption of different health practices, food habits, dress codes. Rise of "global diseases" like obesity, stress, depression due to fast-paced life. Example: USA, Canada, UAE cities like Dubai, major metro cities like Mumbai and London.

10. Diversity and uniformity of culture Culture shows both diversity (differences) and uniformity (similarities) across societies. Understanding both is essential in healthcare, as nurses work with people from various cultural backgrounds.

11. Diversity of culture Cultural diversity refers to the presence of different cultures within a society or country. It includes a variety of languages, customs, traditions, values, beliefs, art, and lifestyle practices shared by groups of people based on ethnicity, religion, region, or nationality .

12. Diversity of culture Language Diversity In India, people speak Hindi, Tamil, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, etc. Language shapes how people express thoughts, emotions, and cultural identity. Each culture has its own language or dialect , which reflects its identity. India alone has 22 official languages and over 1,600 dialects . Effective communication in the patient’s preferred language improves trust and care quality. Nurses need to use interpreters or multilingual communication tools when patients speak a different language.

13. Diversity of culture Religion An organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods. Religion influences health decisions, diet, birth/death rituals, and coping with illness. Example: Hindus may practice fasting or avoid beef. Muslims may prefer same-gender caregivers and pray 5 times a day. Respecting religious practices helps build trust and ensures culturally sensitive care.

14. Diversity of culture 3. Traditions Practices or beliefs passed down from generation to generation. Traditions guide social behavior, celebrations, and life milestones. Example: Lighting lamps during Diwali, tying Rakhi during Raksha Bandhan. Awareness of traditions helps in planning care, especially around childbirth, festivals, and death.

15. Diversity of culture 4. Dress The style of clothing worn by people, often influenced by climate, religion, and culture. Dress reflects cultural values like modesty, identity, and social status. Example: Saree in India, Hijab in Islam, Turban in Sikhism. Nurses must respect patients’ clothing preferences and offer privacy during dressing or examinations.

16. Diversity of culture 5. Food Dietary choices and cooking practices shaped by culture, religion, and environment. Food is central to health, tradition, and community bonding. Example: Jain patients avoid root vegetables. Muslims eat halal meat and may fast during Ramadan. Understanding dietary restrictions is essential for planning hospital meals and medication schedules.

17. Diversity of culture 6. Customs Common practices or usages followed by people of a culture. Customs influence daily behavior, greetings, gestures, and social interaction. Example: Touching elders’ feet in India, shaking hands in the West, saying “Namaste.” Being aware of customs avoids offense and improves nurse-patient communication.

18. Diversity of culture 7. Values Core principles or standards considered important by a cultural group. Values guide decision-making, relationships, and ethical behavior. Example: Respect for elders, importance of family, truthfulness, hospitality. Recognizing patients' values helps nurses respect preferences regarding treatment and end-of-life care.

19. Diversity of culture 8. Beliefs Ideas that people accept as true, which shape how they understand the world. Beliefs influence how people view health, illness, healing, and treatment. Some believe illness is caused by karma, evil eye, or imbalance of energies. Nurses should acknowledge patients' beliefs and explain medical procedures in an understandable way.

20. uniformity of culture Uniformity of culture refers to the common features or similar elements that exist in all human cultures across the world, regardless of their differences in language, customs, or traditions. While cultures may appear different on the surface, all societies share certain basic needs and social patterns , such as family, communication, religion, education, and care for health.

21. uniformity of culture 1. Family System Every culture recognizes the family as the primary social unit . Families provide love, care, protection, and socialization to children. Types may vary (nuclear, joint, extended), but the role of family is universal. 2. Language and Communication All human societies have some form of language for communication. Language can be verbal, non-verbal (gestures), or symbolic. Communication is essential for sharing knowledge, emotions, and culture

22. uniformity of culture 3. Religion or Spiritual Belief Almost every culture has a belief system about the origin of life, moral values, and the afterlife. Religion provides emotional support, ethical guidance, and social unity. 4. Education and Learning Every culture ensures that knowledge, skills, and values are passed from one generation to the next. Education can be formal (schools, universities) or informal (through family and society).

23. uniformity of culture 5. Social Norms and Laws All cultures establish rules to guide acceptable behavior. Norms may vary, but the concept of right vs. wrong or reward and punishment exists everywhere. 6. Economic Activities Every society has systems for earning a living—like farming, trade, or employment. Work is essential to fulfill basic needs like food, clothing, and shelter.

24. uniformity of culture 7. Health and Medicine All cultures develop ways to understand, prevent, and treat illness. While methods differ (Ayurveda, Allopathy, Herbal, etc.), the concern for health and survival is common. 8. Life Events and Rituals Birth, marriage, and death are marked by rituals in every culture. These events are significant and celebrated or mourned in structured ways.

25. Importance of Cultural Uniformity in Nursing Aspect Importance to Nursing Common Health Needs Pain, hygiene, nutrition, and comfort are universal concerns. Family Involvement Patients often rely on family support regardless of culture. Basic Emotions Fear, happiness, grief, and anxiety are experienced by all patients. Ethical Standards Respect, dignity, and confidentiality are valued in all cultures. Communication Needs All patients need to be understood and listened to.

26. Difference between culture and civilization Aspect Culture Civilization Meaning Way of life including beliefs, values, customs, arts, etc. Advanced stage of social development including science, tech, etc. Nature Internal – deals with human thoughts, emotions, and behavior External – deals with material and scientific progress Focus Social, moral, spiritual aspects Political, economic, and technological aspects

27. Difference between culture and civilization Aspect Culture Civilization Development Can exist without civilization Cannot exist without culture Change Slow and continuous Rapid due to scientific advancement Examples Language, religion, music, festivals Roads, schools, hospitals, government systems Transmission Informal – through family, tradition, social groups Formal – through institutions, education, media