Current trends and issues of education in india

CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES OF EDUCATION

1. Current trends and issues of education in india since independence,national educational policy PRESENTED BY SUCHISMITA GIRI M.SC. TUTOR SUM NURSING COLLEGE SOA DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY

2. introduction Education is a planned process of inducing those attitudes and transmitting those skills that are essential for local,regional,and national development. it is only after independence in 1947 A separate Department of Education (later on changed to Human Resources Department, HRD) was formed at the Centre and Departments of Education were formed in each State to serve with State Governments who in turn will work with the local Panchayat to evolve suitable mechanisms to provide educational and health facilities for all the children of the locality.

3. Current trends of education in india since independence Expansion of general education Preprimary education Secondary education Primary education

4. Preprimary education Pre-primary education is considered to be very important for the child as it is the first step towards entering the world of knowledge as well as a healthy and purposeful life. Pre-primary education helps children become more independent and confident as well as promoting the all round development of the children.

5. Present Status of Pre Primary Education In India preschool education is provided by private schools and government ICDS ( Anganwadi ) centres. In addition, there are some ECCE centres running under SSA and somepreschools are attached to government as well as private schools.

6. Primary education Been free and compulsory up to the age of 14. midday meal has been started in schools since 1995 to check drop out rate. from recent research data there is 1.3 million schools in India .the Indian school system follows the British structure. primary school consists of grade1-5(ages6-11) and middle school consists of grades6-8(ages11-14) both are compulsory. however researcher estimate that an average 70 percent of children between the age of 6 and 14 actually attend school.

7. curriculum Primary stage: Curriculum includes: 1)one language-the mother tongue/regional language 2) mathematics 3) art of healthy and productive living 4) environmental studies

8. Cont. Upper primary /middle stage: The grade 6-8 curriculum includes: Three languages-mother tongue/regional language,hindi and English Mathematics Science and technology Social sciences Work education Art education Health and physical education

9. Secondary education Secondary education covers children aged 12 to 18 . the final two years of secondary is often called higher secondary,senior secondary or simply the +2 stage. -at present,the following schemes targeted at secondary stage(class ix to xii) are being implemented in the form of centrally sponsored schemes. - rastriya madhyamik shiksha abhiyan (RMSA) -girls hostel scheme -ICT at schools -inclusive education for disabled at secondary stage -scheme of vocational education -national incentive to girls

10. Technical education The technical education system in the country covers engineering, technology, management, architecture, pharmacy etc. The ministry of human resource development supports the programme at undergraduate, graduate, post graduate, and research levels. the technical education system at the central level comprises of Indian institute of technology, Indian institute of management, Indian institute of sciences, national institute of technology and all india council for technical education(AICTE).

11. Professional education An  education al process or program that develops individuals to acquire special competencies for  professional  practice.  Professional councils, like All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), Distance Education Council (DEC), National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), Medical Council of India (MCI) and others are responsible for recognition of courses, promotion of professional institutions and providing grants to undergraduate programmes and various awards.

12. Adult education Our Government has rightly chosen to educate the illiterate adults. In 1973 a Programme of Adult Education was launched. Its objective has been to educate 30 crores adults within the age range of 15-35 years by the end of the 20th century. The main purpose of this Adult Education Programme is to increase the working efficiency of the adults and to create in them a social and national consciousness.

13. Women education Objectives: to make women over 15 years of age literate and to make them economically self-dependent. to give them training in rearing up children, family planning and information about health principles. to acquaint them with the laws relating to women’s rights in order to raise their social status and to inform the Government about the atrocities committed against them at times.

14. Vocational education Central Govt. has been giving grants to State Governments to implement the programme since 1988. Agriculture, Pisciculture , diary, poultry, typing, electronics, mechanical and carpentry etc. had been included in higher secondary curriculum.

15. Online education in india Online education is a system of education training which is delivered primarily via the Internet to students at remote locations. Online education enables the students to opt for many online degrees or courses from various universities. This course has various advantages, as pursuing an online course can be done simultaneously with one's present occupation. Moreover, an online degree assists in increasing the career prospects .

16. Distant education in india The system of Distant Education in India is becoming increasingly popular. The availability of distance learning courses has assured that a person can pursue education from any state or university accordingly.

17. Non formal education The aim was to achieve universal elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years. The scheme was meant for those children who cannot attend schools regularly and for full time due to poverty and pre-occupation with other works. Non-formal education centres have been set up in remote rural areas, hilly and tribal areas and in slums.

18. Encouragement to Indian Language and Culture After the adoption of National Policy of Education 1968, regional language became the medium of instruction in higher education. Syllabus on science and technology, dictionaries, books, and Question Papers are translated into regional languages.

19. Education for all According to 93rd Amendment, education for all has been made compulsory. The elementary education is a fundamental right of all children in the age group of 6-14 years. It is also free. To fulfill this obligation Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) has been launched.

20. Issues in education Unemployment Poverty Political unwillingness Dearness Corruption Privatization Unawareness of teachers No critical analysis Social disparity

21. National education policy The first NPE was promulgated in 1968 by the government of  Prime Minister   Indira Gandhi The policy called for fulfilling compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, as stipulated by the  Constitution of India , and the better training and qualification of teachers.

22. Three language formula

23. New education policy the government of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new National Policy on Education in May, 1986. special emphasis on the removal of disparities and to equalise educational opportunity," especially for Indian women,  Scheduled Tribes  (ST) and the  Scheduled Caste  (SC) communities.

24. Cont.. the policy called for expanding scholarships, adult education, recruiting more teachers from the SCs, incentives for poor families to send their children to school regularly, development of new institutions and providing housing and services. The NPE called for a "child-centred approach" in primary education, and launched "Operation Blackboard" to improve primary schools nationwide  The policy also called for the creation of the "rural university" model, based on the philosophy of Indian leader  Mahatma Gandhi , to promote economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India.

25. Recent development District Primary Education Program (DPEP) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan ( SSA )/Right to Education ( RTE ) National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level ( NPEGEL ) Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan  (RMSA) for development of secondary education, launched in 2009. Inclusive Education for the Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS ) Saakshar Bharat ( Saakshar Bharat )/Adult Education) Rashtriya uchchatar siksha abhiyan

26. District primary education programme It was launched in 1994. Objectives: 1. To provide all children access to primary education through either the formal or non-formal stream. 2. To reduce differences in enrolment, drop-out rates and learning achievement among gender and weaker section groups to less than five percent. 3. To reduce overall primary dropout rates for all children to less than 10 percent. 4. To rise the average achievement rate by 25 percent by measured baseline level and ensuring achievement of basic literacy and numeracy competencies and minimum of 40 percent achievement in other competencies by all primary education children.

27. Sarva shiksha abhiyan (SSA) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a programme for Universal Elementary Education. it started on 2010 and SSA has been operational since 2000-2001.

28. objectives To provide useful and elementary education for all children in the 6-14 age group. To bridge social, regional and gender gaps with the active participation of community in the management of schools. To allow children to learn about and master their natural environment in order to develop their potential both spiritually and materially. To inculcate value-based learning this allows children an opportunity to work for each other’s well being rather than to permit mere selfish pursuits. To realize the importance of Early Childhood Care and education and looks at the 0-14 age as a continuum.

29. INTERVENTION Opening of new schools Construction of schools and additional classrooms Toilet and drinking water Provisioning for regular teacher Free textbook and uniform

30. National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level ( NPEGEL ) It is launched in july 2003. Target groups of NPEGEL : Out of school girls Drop out girls Overaged girls, who have not completed elementary education  Working girls

31. objectives To ensure greater participation of women and girls in the field of education. To improve quality of education. To stress upon the relevance and quality of girls education for their empowerment.

32. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan  (RMSA): This scheme was launched in March, 2009 with the objective to enhance access to secondary education and to improve its quality. The implementation of the scheme started from 2009-10. Important physical facilities provided under the scheme are: Additional class rooms, (ii) Laboratories, (iii) Libraries, (iv) Art and crafts room, (v) Toilet blocks, (vi) Drinking water provisions and (vii) Residential Hostels for Teachers in remote areas

33. objectives Improve the quality of education imparted at secondary level by making all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms. Remove gender, socio-economic and disability barriers. Provide universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e. by the end of the 12th Five Year Plan Enhance and universalize retention by 2020.

34. Inclusive Education for the Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS ) : The Scheme of Inclusive Education for Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS) has been launched from the year 2009-10. The scheme provides assistance for the inclusive education of the disabled children in classes IX-XII. This scheme now subsumed under Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) from 2013. 

35. objectives The scheme covers all children studying at the secondary stage in Government, local body and Government-aided schools, with one or more disabilities as defined under the Persons with Disabilities Act (1995) Girls with the disabilities receive special focus to help them gain access to secondary schools, as also to information and guidance for developing their potential.

36. components Student-oriented components, such as medical and educational assessment, books and stationery, uniforms, transport allowance, reader allowance, stipend for girls, support services, assistive devices, boarding the lodging facility, therapeutic services, teaching learning materials, etc. Other components include appointment of special education teachers, allowances for general teachers for teaching such children, teacher training,

37. Saakshar Bharat ( Saakshar Bharat )/Adult Education : Saakshar Bharat  is a government of  India  initiative launched by Prime Minister, Dr.  Manmohan Singh  to create a literate society through a variety of teaching learning programmes for non-literate and neo-literate of 15 years and above. It was launched on 8 September 2009 as a centrally sponsored scheme.

38. objectives The Mission has four broad objectives, namely: Impart functional literacy and numeracy to non-literate and non-numerate adults Enable the neo-literate adults to continue their learning beyond basic literacy and acquire equivalency to formal educational system . Impart non and neo-literates relevant skill development programmes to improve their earning and living conditions . Promote a learning society by providing opportunities to neo literate adults for continuing education.

39. Rashtriya uchchatar siksha abhiyan Rashtriya Uchchattar Shiksha Abhiyan  ( RUSA ) is a  holistic scheme  of development for  higher education in India  initiated in 2013 by the  Ministry of Human Resource Development ,  Government of India .

40. objectives RUSA aims to provide equal development to all higher institutions and rectify weaknesses in the higher education system. The major objectives are to: improve the overall quality of existing state institutions by ensuring that all institutions conform to prescribed norms and standards and adopt accreditation as a mandatory quality assurance framework. ensure academic and examination reforms in the higher educational institutions. enable conversion of some of the universities into research universities at par with the best in the world. ensure adequate availability of quality faculty in all higher educational institutions and ensure capacity building at all levels of employment.

41. Cont. improve equity in higher education by providing adequate opportunities of higher education to  SC / STs  and socially and educationally backward classes; promote inclusion of women, minorities, and differently abled persons.

42.   Policy innovations to improve education quality and student learning :

43. summary

44. conclusion Many aspects of the current educational setup demand review and change. Until concrete steps are taken to reformulate our methodology of imparting education, we shall continue to underutilize, even waste our youth, and this could have serious consequences in the future.

45. bibliography https://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-educational-development www.economicsdiscussion.net www.insightsonindia.com content.inflibnet.ac.in www.indianetzone.com