Curriculum innovations

1. Curriculum Innovations Addressing the Future:

2. Local and Global Trends Issues and Concerns in Curriculum Part 1:

3. Innovation - is often used to discribe solutions to problems which represent a change or departure from current practice as opposed to progressive improvements within an existing framework ( Klaus, 1969 ). -It’s also defined as “the introduction of something new” and as “a new idea, method or device” (Merriam Webster’s Desk Dictionary, 1995).

4. Three Kinds of Innovations in Education 1. Stucture- involve the ways in which classroom and schools are organized 2. Content- introduce subjects not previously included in the curriculum, or those that revise old subjects in new ways. 3. Process- those that have to do with human interaction. Involves the cognitive or intellectual or thinking domain as well as the affective (social and emotional) domain in Education.

5. Local and Global Trends Issues and Concerns in Curriculum Source: Curriculum Change in Basic Education and Teacher Professional Development Regional Experiences and National Cases Merle C. Tan, PhD Director, National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development University of the Philippines (UP NISMED)

6. Basis for Curricular Improvements: Brief Background Education for all. Reorientation of Educational system. Learning to know, to do, to be, and to live together. Increasing the role of scientific literacy and technological skills.

7. Emerging Trends in Basic Education 1. A  shift in educational goals and objectives towards using educational systems to  prepare  learners as functioning  citizens   of  the  Twenty ­first  century. 

8. Emerging Trends in Basic Education 2. A  move towards decentralizing  various   aspects/processes  of curriculum  development,implementation   and   administration . 

9. Emerging Trends in Basic Education The  national curriculum for basic  education  is being  diversified  precisely to meet the basic learning needs of different groups in the  population . 

10. Emerging Trends in Basic Education 4. Emphasis  on education programs  that  enhance science and technology  literacy  and are introducing as much ICT in schools as they can support. 

11. Emerging Trends in Basic Education 5. Emphasis on independent study or  self-learning , and of inculcating in students  the   love  and desire to learn and the basic  skills  for  learning.

12. Emerging Trends in Basic Education 6. Pedagogically, shifts have also been occurring away from traditional approaches  where teachers are the major authority in knowledge construction  and  transmission .

13. Emerging Trends in Basic Education 7. Experimentation on various teaching­learning methods and approaches to  attain  a  better  integration of the contents of the curriculum both within and across  subject   offerings . 

14. Emerging Trends in Basic Education 8. There is an increasing awareness of the  need  to reorient  teaching_learning   processes  and outcomes away from  earliernotions   that  education is primarily a  means  for  preparing  students to take and pass  school tests  and national standard  examinations . 

15. Summary of Emerging Trends “ Curriculum renewal today requires  educators  and curriculum specialists to go  beyond  the  framework  of a  content ­ and competency­ based curriculum. ”

16. Summary of Emerging Trends “ Educators and curriculum developers,  too , must work to ensure the effective  implementation  of new curricular  reforms  and innovations . ”

17. K-12 Curriculum Concerns and Problems Part 2:

18. What is K-12? K-12 has kindergarten as base, to be followed by six years of elementary (Grades 1 to 6), four years of junior high school (Grades 7 to 10), and two years of senior high school ( Grades 11 and 12).

19. Why K-12? As of School Year 2009-2010, National Achievement Test (NAT) passing rates for Grade 6 and 4th year students are only 69 and 46 percent, respectively. In the Trends for International Math and Sciences Study (TIMSS), the Philippines often placed fourth from last .

20. Why K-12? “You are given ten years to take in, to chew on, and to digest the lessons. There is no time for the children to savor the knowledge they are receiving. You just keep feeding and feeding them .” -Pres. Aquino-

21. “Additional years not equal to quality education” Reality Bites!

22. Is K to 12 sustainable ? The development of a better-educated society capable of pursuing productive employment, entrepreneurship, or higher education disciplines.

23. How to fund the program? To implement K to 12, it would need at least P363.29 billion in 2013; P361.17 billion in 2014; P377.21 billion in 2015; P423.04 billion in 2016; and P443.55 billion in 2017.

24. Shortage everywhere! Reality Bites!

25. Where will more, better-trained teachers come from ? Teachers in Elementary and High School will need to go through some adjustments with the new curriculum. Teachers will not get an additional workload for the K to 12 implementation, as the Magna Cart for Public School Teachers provides that teachers should teach only up to six hours a day.

26. Exploitative condition, threat of displacement Reality Bites!

27. Will K to 12 solve the country’s employment, development problems ? The goal, according to DepEd, is for a student who completes K to 12 to be “equipped with skills, competencies, and recognized certificates equivalent to a two-year college degree .”

28. Lack of college enrollees, promotion of labor-export policy Reality Bites!

29. UNESCO and UNICEF Global Concerns in the Curriculum Part 3:

30. Source: Defining Quality in Education Copyright © 2000 United Nations Children’s Fund 3 United Nations Plaza, H-7 New York, NY 10017 A publication of UNICEF Programme Division Education Document No. UNICEF/PD/ED/00/02 The principal researcher for this paper was Jeanette Colby, Miske Witt and Associates, for the Education Section, Programme Division, UNICEF New York.

31. “ Children have a right to an education, a quality education .” UNESCO- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF- United Nations Children’s Fund

32. Quality education includes : Learners who are healthy, well-nourished and ready to participate and learn, and supported in learning by their families and communities; Environments that are healthy, safe, protective and gender-sensitive, and provide adequate resources and facilities;

33. Content that is reflected in relevant curricula and materials for the acquisition of basic skills, especially in the areas of literacy, numeracy and skills for life, and knowledge in such areas as gender, health, nutrition, HIV/AIDS prevention and peace . Processes through which trained teachers use child-centred teaching approaches in well-managed classrooms and schools and skilful assessment to facilitate learning and reduce disparities.

34. Outcomes that encompass knowledge, skills and attitudes, and are linked to national goals for education and positive participation in society.

35. Global Concerns in the Curriculum

36. 1. Quality Learners Good Health and Nutrition Early childhood psychosocial development experiences. Regular attendance for learning. Family support for learning .

37. 2. Quality Learning Environments Physical Elements a. Quality of school facilities b. Interaction between school infrastructure and other quality dimensions. c. Class size

38. 2. Quality Learning Environments B. Psychosocial elements a. Peaceful, safe environments, especially for girls . b. Teachers’ behaviours that affect safety . c. Effective school discipline policies . d. Inclusive environments. e. Non-violence.

39. 2. Quality Learning Environments C. Service Delivery a. Provision of health services.

40. 3. Quality Content Student-centred , non-discriminatory, standards-based curriculum structures . - C urriculum should emphasize deep rather than broad coverage of important areas of knowledge, authentic and contextualized problems of study, and problem-solving that stresses skills development as well as knowledge acquisition.

41. 3. Quality Content B. Uniqueness of local and national content. - quality content should include several pivotal areas. These include literacy, numeracy, life skills and peace education — as well as science and social studies.

42. 3. Quality Content C. Literacy - Literacy, or the ability to read and write, is often considered one of the primary goals of formal education.

43. 3. Quality Content D. Numeracy - Also known as ‘quantitative literacy’, numeracy encompasses a range of skills from basic arithmetic and logical reasoning to advanced mathematics and interpretative communication skills (Steen, 1999).

44. 3. Quality Content E. Life Skills - are defined as “psycho-social and interpersonal skills used in every day interactions…not specific to getting a job or earning an income”.

45. 3. Quality Content F. Peace Education - Peace education seeks to help students gain the ability to prevent conflict, and to resolve conflict peacefully when it does arise.

46. 3. Quality Content G. Challenges in reaching large numbers of children with quality content . a. Teachers often find curricular integration and interdisciplinarity difficult, especially when the teacher does not have a role in curriculum design; b. Subjects that do not appear on important examinations are not always taken seriously ;

47. 3. Quality Content c. Social attitudes towards the subject may not be favorable, and cultural patterns are difficult to change; d. Ideas conceived in other regions of the world may not be adequately adapted to the local context; e. Political and economic instability can lead to discontinuity in policies andprogrammes, as well as teacher and administrator turnover .

48. 4. Quality Processes Teachers Professional learning for teachers. Teacher competence and school efficiency. Ongoing professional development. Continuing support for student-centered learning. Active, standards-based participation methods. Teacher feedback mechanisms. Teacher beliefs that all students can learn. Teacher’s working conditions.

49. 4. Quality Processes B. Supervision and Support a. Administrative support and leadership . b. Student access to languages used at school . c. Using technologies to decrease rather than increase disparities. d. Diversity of processes and facilities.

50. 5. Quality Outcomes A. Achievement in literacy and numeracy. - Academic achievement in general and achievement in literacy and numeracy in particular represent key educational outcomes.

51. 5. Quality Outcomes B. Using formative assessment to improve achievement outcomes. - Testing information tends to be used primarily as a screening device to decide who can continue to the next grade of level rather than as a tool to help improve educational quality for individuals and systems.

52. 5. Quality Outcomes C. Outcomes sought by parents. Parents tend to see academic achievement as closely related to the opportunity for social promotion and employment . - These anticipated outcomes tend to be highly valued by families : future employment possibilities that result from education seem to be a primary factor in the demand for primary education (Bergmann, 1996).

53. 5. Quality Outcomes D. Outcomes related to community participation, learner confidence and life-long learning. - Academic achievement is often used as an indicator of school quality because it is easily measurable using standardized tests, while other outcomes may be more complex and less tangible .

54. 5. Quality Outcomes E. Experiential approaches to achieving desired outcomes. - schools can help build social capital and create interconnecting links that promote quality affective and behavioural outcomes for children (Bronfenbrenner , 1986).

55. 5. Quality Outcomes F. Health outcomes. - Students should receive services to improve their health, such as treatment for illness and infection and school feeding programmes to improve nutrition, as well as curricular content that increases their knowledge and affects their behaviour related to health and hygiene.

56. 5. Quality Outcomes G. Lifeskills and outcomes. - Psychosocial and interpersonal skills can be applied to many contexts — HIV/AIDS prevention , drug abuse prevention, nutrition and hygiene behaviour and many non-health contexts as well .

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