curriculum prabodhikaran (2) .pptx for the School teachers

It helps to develop professional development of teachers for school teaching.

1. sIff ^ — * sf] ; fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No lzIff ljifosf ] kf7\ oqmd tyf sIff & sf] kf =k'= k|jf ] lws /0f

2. sfo{qmdsf] pb]Zo sIff ^ —* sf] ;fdflhs cWoog / dfgj d"No lzIff ljifosf] kf7\oqmd tyf sIff & sf] kf7\ok':tsf] k|jf]lws/0f ug'{ K|fjf]lws/0fsf ;DjGwdf p7]sf lh1f;f / ;jfnx?nfO{ ;xlhs/0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf ;xhtf k|bfg ug'{

3. kf7\oj|md kl/dfh{gsf] k[i7e"ld tyf cf}lrTo /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿k -@)&^_ nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ kf7\oj|mdnfO{ ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g ub}{ nfg'kg]{ ;}b\wflGts cjwf/0ffnfO{ lgoldttf / lg/Gt/tf lbg kl/jlt{t ;do ;Gbe{, kl/j]z / cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No ljifosf] kf7\oj|mddf klg ;Daf]wg ug{ b]zdf ePsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g, ljZj kl/j]zdf x'Fb} uPsf] 1fg / lj1fgsf] ljikmf]6 / z}lIfs gjk|jt{g h:tf ljifo j:t'nfO{ kf7\oj|mddf ;dflxt ug{

4. k[i7e"ld tyf cf}lrTo ;dosf] dfu, lzIf0f k|lj|mof, z}lIfs ;fdu|Lsf] kof{Kttf,cfw'lgs z}Ifl0fs l;b\wfGt / k|ljlwdf cfPsf] gjLgtfnfO{ l;sfOdf cfab\w ug{ ljifo j:t'sf] yk36 u/L jt{dfg kf7\oj|mddf ;do ;fk]If ljifo j:t' / l;h{gfTds l;k, ;dfnf]rgfTds lrGtg / vf]hd"ns kl/of]hgf sfo{ h:tf cEof; ;fdu|LnfO{ ;dflxt u/L Joxfl/s lzIffdf hf]8 lbg ljb\ofyL{df ;do ;fk]If gjLg wf/0ffsf] 1fg / Jofjxf/ s'znl;kx¿sf] ljsf; u/fpFb} ;fdflhsLs/0fdf ;xof]u ug{

5. @= txut ;Ifdtf sIff ^—* sf] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ljifosf] cWoog k"/f u/]kl5 ljBfyL{x¿df lgDglnlvt ;Ifdtfx¿ xfl;n x'g] 5g\ M != xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfhsf ljljw kIfx¿sf] klxrfg, ;Ddfg, ;­+/If0f / ;+jw{g @= :yfgLo txdf ;~rflnt ljsf;sf sfo{x¿sf] hfgsf/L / ;xeflutf #= xfd|f ;fdflhs / dfgjLo d"NodfGotfx¿sf] klxrfg / af]w, ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;+jw{g

6. txut ;Ifdtf $= /fi6«sf] ;Ddfg, /fli6«otfsf] hu]gf{ / /fli6«o ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f %= gful/s clwsf/ / st{Josf] af]w, k|:t'lt, ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ^= ;fdflhs ;d:of klxrfg / ;dfwfgsf pkfox?sf] vf]hL

7. txut ;Ifdtf & = P]ltxfl;s tYox?sf] klxrfg / vf]h k|:t'tL *= g]kfnsf ljleGg cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf] af]w tyf k|:t'lt (= k[YjLsf] agf]6, g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf / tYox¿sf] klxrfg Pjd\ gS;f lgdf{0f l;ksf] k|bz{g !)= hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljkt\ Joj:yfkgsf] tof/L / k|of]u

8. txut ;Ifdtf !!= ;"rgf / k|ljlw Pjd\ Jojxf/s'zn l;kdf cfwfl/t l;sfOsf] k|of]u / k|jw{g !@= hg;fª\lVosL / hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgsf] af]w / k|:t'lt !#= cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / ;xof]usf kIfx¿sf] klxrfg / g]kfnsf] lxtdf logsf] of]ubfgsf] vf]hL !$=;d;fdlos 36gf / To;sf] c;/ klxrfg

9. sIffut l;sfOpknlAw   sIff ^ sIff & sIff * ljifo If]q l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAw   sfo{306f != xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh != ;dfh / ;d'bfosf] cjwf/0ff / ;dfh lgdf{0fsf cfwf/ pNn]v ug{ @= ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf ;+/rgf / ;]jfx¿ pNn]v ug{ #= cfˆgf] ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf leq ePsf ljsf;sf sfo{x¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ $= ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/sf kl/ro / dx Œ j pNn]v u/L d'Vo d'Vo ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x¿ klxrfg ug{     != ;dfhsf] pTklQ / ljsf;j|md pNn]v ug{ @= cfˆgf] 3/, kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf 3'nldn eO{ ;fdflhsLs/0f k|lj|mofdf ;+nUg x'g #= ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/sf ¿kdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft / ;~rf/sf] kl/ro, dx Œ j / jt{dfg cj:yf pNn]v ug{ $= cfˆgf] lhNnfdf ePsf ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿ Kflxrfg ug{   != ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff / g]kfndf ljsf;sf] ;Defjgfx¿ pNn]v ug{ @= ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/sf ¿kdf vfg]kfgL, phf{ / hgzlStsf] dx Œ j Pjd\ jt{dfg cj:yf j0f{g ug{ #== g]kfnsf] ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] :j¿k klxrfg ug{ $= cfkm" a;]sf] k|b]zsf] kl/ro, ;+/rgf / ToxfFsf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts cj:yf atfpg %= cfkm\gf] k|b]zsf k|d'v ljsf; sfo{j|md / cfof]hgfsf] klxrfg u/L ltgsf] ljz]iftf / k|efj atfpg !^

10. @= xfd|f] dfgj d"Nodtf %= cfTd cg'zf;g / ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf] kfngf ug{ ^= ljleGg k|sf/sf rf8kj{x¿sf] dx Œ j af]w ug{ / ;Ddfg ug{ &= /fli6«o uf}]/jsf cfwf/x¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;f]cg'¿k cfr/0f ug{ *= ljleGg ;f+:s[lts tyf wfld{s ;Dkbf :ynx¿sf] klxrfg u/L o;sf] dx Œ j / ;+/If0fsf pkfox¿ atfpg (= g]kfnsf k|]/0ffbfos /fli6«o JolSt T jx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;Ddfg ug{ !)= afn Sna, :sfp6sf] ;fdfGo ultlalw;Fu kl/lrt x'g .   ^= dfgjd"No cfTd;ft\ u/L dfgj ;]jfsf] efjgf hfu[t ug{ &= xfd|f ;fdflhs tyf wfld{s ;+:sf/x¿;Fu kl/lrt eO{ ;f]cg'¿k Jojxf/ ug{ *= xfd|f ;f+:s[lts /Lltl/jfhx¿sf] vf]hL / ;+/If0f ug{ (= /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf ljifok|lt ;r]t x'g / /fi6«sf] ;Ddfg / /fli6«otfsf] hu]gf{ ug{ !)= g]kfnsf k|]/0ffbfos /fli6«o JolSt T jx¿sf] vf]hL u/L ;Ddfg ug{ / pgLx¿sf] sfdaf6 k]|/0ff lng !!= rl/q lgdf{0fdf afnSnasf] e"ldsf vf]hL ug{ / ;xefuL x'g .         ^= Gofo, zflGt / clx+;fsf] kl/kfngf ug{ &= g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs tyf wfld{s k/Dk/f tyf k|rngx¿sf] vf]hL u/L ;+/If0f sfo{df ;xefuL x'g *= ljljwtfdf Pstfsf ¿kdf g]kfnsf] kl/ro lbO{ ;fdflhs ;b\efj / ;lxi0f'tf sfod /fVg (= g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ;Dkbfx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g sfo{df ;xefuL x'g !)= ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o k|]/0ffbfos JolSt T jx¿sf] vf]hL u/L ;Ddfg ug{ / pgLx¿sf] sfdaf6 k|]/0ff lng !!= l;h{glzntf / rl/q lgdf{0fdf :sfp6sf] e"ldsfsf] vf]hL tyf cEof; ug{ @)

11. #= gful/s r]tgf, sTf{Jo / clwsf/ !!= Gfful/ssf] kl/ro lbO{ Gfful/s st{Jo kfngf ug{ / clwsf/k|lt ;r]t /xg !@= Nff]stflGqs d"NodfGotfsf] cg';/0f ug{ !#= ;fdflhs lgodsf] kfngf ug{ !$= afnclwsf/ / sTf{Jo klxrfg u/L afn clwsf/sf] pkof]uk|lt ;r]t /xg !%= cfkm\gf] JolStut tyf kfl/jfl/s ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf ;hu /xg !^ 6««flkms lgodsf] kl/ro / kmfObf atfpg Pjd\ o;sf] kfngf ug{ !@= /fHosf cfwf/e"t t Œ jx¿ klxrfg ug{ !#= Nff]stflGqs ;+:sf/sf] kfngf ug{ !$= ;+ljwfgsf] kl/ro lbO{ g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] ljz]iftf pNn]v ug{ !%= Dffgj clwsf/ / Dff}lnsxsx¿sf] kl/ro lbg !^= dlxnf clwsf/sf]] kl/ro lbg !&= Kf|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf sfo{x¿ pNn]v ug{ !*= ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] e'ldsf atfpg !@= ;ljwfg / sfg'g lgdf{0f k|lj|mofsf]] kl/ro lbg !#= ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/sf] u7g k|lj|mof / o;sf sfo{x¿ pNn]v ug{ !$= g]kfnsf Gofokflnsfsf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf sfo{x¿ j0f{g ug{ !% lje]bsf] :j?k / ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ff / dx Œ j atfpg . !^= Nff]stflGqs u0ftGqdf gful/ssf] e"ldsf pNn]v ug{ !&= ;]jf k|jfx / ;'zf;gdf /fi6«;]jssf] e"ldsf k|:6 kfg{ @)

12. $= ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg !&= ;fdflhs ljs[lt / ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿sf] vf]hL ug{ !*= ;fdflhs ;d:of ;dfwfgdf JolSt, kl/jf/ / :yfgLo ;ª\3;+:yfsf] e"ldsf vf]hL ug{ !(= kl/jf/ / sIffsf]7fdf x'g] ljjfbsf] klxrfg u/L To;sf] ;dfwfgdf cfkm\gf] e'ldsf k|:t't ug{     !(= ;fdflhs ;d:of / ljs[ltsf sf/0f / c;/k|lt ;r]t eO{ ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ cjnDjg ug{ . @)= ;fdflhs ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ljBfno / /fli6«o ;ª\3;+:yfn] v]Ng ;Sg] e"ldsf vf]hL ug{ @!= 5/l5d]s / ljBfnodf x'g] åGå Joj:yfkgdf cfkm\gf] e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ @@= zflGtsf] cjwf/0ff;Fu kl/lrt eO{ ;f]xLcg' ¿ k Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug{{ !*= ljleGg ;fdflhs ;d:of tyf ljs[ltx¿ klxrfg ug{ !(= ;fdflhs ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ kQf nufpg @)= ;fdflhs ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3;+:yfx¿sf] e"ldsf pNn]v ug{ @!= ;dfhdf x'g] åGåsf sf/0f kQf nufO{ o;sf] Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ vf]hL u/L To;sf] Jojxfl/s cEof; ug{ @)

13. %=xfd|f] ljut @)= g]kfn PsLs/0fdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;xefuLtf pNn]v ug{ @!= g]kfn cª\u|]h o'4 / ;'uf}nL ;lGwsf] kl/ro lbg / ;'uf}nL ;GwLsf kl/0ffdx? jtfpg\ @@= /f0ffsfnLg /fhgLlts cj:yf / ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;'wf/sf] jf]w k|:t't ug{ @#= lj=;+= @))& b]lv xfn;Ddsf] k|d'v /fhgLlts 36gfj|md / ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s pknlAw atfpg @$= ldlynfsf] ;Eotf / o;n] dfgjhLJfgdf kf/]sf] k|efj atfpg @#= dWosfnLg g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s cj:yfsf] kl/ro lbg @$= xfd|f /fli6«o lje"ltx¿sf] klxrfg / vf]hL ug{ @%= ;fdflhs ;'wf/, kl/jt{gsf nflu of]ubfg ug{] :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o :t/sf P]ltxfl;s JolSt Œ jsf] vf]hL ug{ @^=l;Fhf pkTofsfsf] ;Eotf / o;n] hghLjgdf kf/]sf] k|efj atfpg .     @@= k|frLg g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs cj:yfsf] j0f{g ug{ @#= sf7df8f}F pkTofsfsf] k|flrg ;Eotf / o;n] hghLjgdf kf/]sf] k|efj jtfpg @$= g]kfndf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] k|flKt kl5sf cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf kIfx? Vff]hL ug{ @%= xfd|f jL/ ;lxbx¿sf] kl/ro / of]ubfg atfpg @^ l;Gw' pkTosf / o'gfgL -lu|; / /f]d_ ;Eotf / k'ghf{u/0fsf] 5f]6f] kl/ro lbg tyf o;n] dfgj hLjgdf kf/]sf] k|efj atfpg . @)

14. ^= xfd|f cfly{s lj|mofsnfk @%= g]kfnsf] cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf] kl/ro lbO{ dx Œ j atfpg @^= g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;|f]t ;fwgx¿ sf] kl/ro / dx Œ j atfO{ logLx¿sf] ;b'kof]usf pkfox? pNn]v ug{             @&= g]kfnsf cfly{s lj|mofsnfk sf] jt{dfg cj:yf, ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfo atfpg @*= s[lif, pBf]u / Jofkf/larsf] cGt/;DaGw pNn]v ug{ @(= j:t'sf] u'0f:t/ klxrfgsf cfwf/ vf]hL u/L pkef]Stfsf clwsf/k|lt ;r]t /xg #)= ;/sf/L cfosf] kl/ro lbg / ;|f]tx¿ atfpg #!= ;/sf/L vr{sf] kl/ro lbg / If]qx¿ pNn]v ug{             @&=df}lb|s sf/f]af/sf] cjwf/0ff atfO{ o;sf] Jofjxfl/s k|of]u ug{ @*=g]kfnsf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kl/ro lbO{\ oL ;+:yfx¿af6 k|fKt ug]{ ;]jfx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ @(=g]kfnsf ko{6g pBf]usf] jt{dfg cj:yf, dx Œ j atfpg / ko{6g Joj;fo dfkm{t /f]huf/ k|jw{gsf pkfox? vf]hL ug{ #)= j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] kl/ro, r'gf}tL / cj;/x¿ klxrfg ug{ #!= g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/sf] jt{dfg cj:yf / dx Œ j atfpg @)

15. &= xfd|f] k[YjL @&= k[YjLsf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf] cfsf/ / ;+/rgfnfO{ ;lrq b]vfpg @*= k[YjLsf] agf]6 j0f{g ug{ @(= g]kfnnfO{ xfjfkfgL, gbLgfnf / jg:kltsf cfwf/df ljefhg u/L logLx¿sf] dfgj hLjg;Fusf] ;DaGw pNn]v ug{ #)= k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]] ljt/0f / :yfgLo:t/sf]] ;fdflhs, cfly{s hghLjglarsf ;DaGw klxrfg ug{ #)= cfkm\gf] ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] gS;fdf ljleGg tYox¿ k|:t't ug{ #!= ljkt\sf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ klxrfg / cEof;  ug{     #@= k[YjLsf b}lgs / jflif{s ultsf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf] dxTj jtfpg ##= w/ftnLo :j¿ksf]] kl/ro lbO{ o;df kl/jt{g Nofpg] t Œ jx¿ atfpg #$= g]kfnsf] w/ftnL :j¿k, xfjfkfgL, cfly{s ultljlw / ;fdflhs /xg;xglarsf] ;DaGw pNn]v ug{ #%= gkfnsf] ;ft k|b]zsf] kl/ro lbg #^= hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf sf/0f pNn]v ug{ / o;n] hghLjgdf kfg]{ c;/ klxrfg ug{ #&= g]kfndf 36\g] ljkt\sf] kl/ro lbO{ ljkt\ Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{ #*= g]kfnsf] gS;f sf]g{ / ef}uf]lns tYo eg{ #@= k[YjLsf] b}lgs / jflif{s ultn] dfgj hLjgdf kfg]{ k|efj atfpg ##= df};d / xfjfkfgL kl/ro lbO{ xfjfkfgLdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] t Œ jx¿ pNn]v ug{ #$= hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? vf]hL ug{ #%= l5d]sL b]zx¿sf] ;fdfGo kl/ro lbg / ;DjGw pNn]v ug{ #^= g]kfndf 36\g] lakb\sf 36gfx¿ / hf]lvdsf] Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] klxrfg / cEof; ug{ #&= g]kfnsf] gS;f agfpg / gS;fdf ef}uf]lns tYo eg{ @)

16. *= hg;+Vof / o;sf] Joj:yfkg #@= hg;+Vof / hg;fª\lVosLsf] kl/ro lbO{ hg;ª\VoLs t Œ j / tYofª\ssf ;|f]t j0f{g ug{ ##= g]kfndf /fli6«o hgu0fgfsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld jtfpg / hgu0fgf k|lj|mof pNn]v ug{ #$= g]kfnsf] hg;fª\lVos cj:yfnfO{ tflnsf, rf6{ jf /]vflrqdf k|:t't ug{ #%= Hfg:fª\Vof Joj:yfkgsf] kl/ro / dx Œ j atfO{ Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ pNn]v ug{     #(= g]kfnsf] hg;fª\lVos agf]6 pNn]v ug{ $)= hg;fª\lVos kl/jt{gsf sf/0f / kl/0ffdx¿ pNn]v ug{ $!= hg;fª\lVos cj:yf / u'0f:t/Lo hLjglarsf] ;DaGw atfpg $@= hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgsf cj;/x¿ klxrfg u/L o;sf] Joj:yfkgdf k|b]z ;/sf/ / ;ª\3;+:yfx¿sf] e"ldsf pNn]v ug{ #*= hg;fª\lVos kl/jt{gsf lgwf{/s t Œ jx¿ klxrfg ug{ #(= g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] agf]6n] ;fdflhs / cfly{s hghLjgdf kfg]{ k|efjsf] j0f{g ug{ $)= g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] ljt/0f / hg3gTj t'ngf ug{ $!= g]kfndf a;fOF;/fOsf sf/0f / k|efj klxrfg ug{ !@

17. (= cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw, ;d;fdlos 36gf / ;"rgf k|ljlw #&= g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / ;xof]usf] kl/ro lbg / dxTj atfpg tyf l5d]sL b]zx?;Fusf] cfkl; ;xof]u / ;DjGw pNn]v ug{ #* ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] kl/ro lbg / plrt k|of]u ug{ #( ;d;fdlos ultljlw / 36gfx¿sf] ;ª\sng u/L To;sf] k|efj atfpg   $#= e"kl/j]li7t /fi6«sf] kl/ro lbO{ e'kl/j]li6t /fi6sf]?kdf g]kfnn] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:of, ;Defjgf / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ atfpg $$= ;fs{sf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf p2]Zo / ultljlw atfpg $%= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u ug{ / b'?kof]usf c;/ atfpg $^= ;d;dflos ultljlw / 36gf atfO{ o;n] ;dfhdf kfg]{ k|efj atfpg $@= s'6gLlts lgof]usf] kl/ro lbO{ logsf sfo{x? atfpg $#= ljd:6]s (BIMSTEC) sf] kl/ro lbO{ o;af6 g]kfnn] k|fKt u/]sf pknlAw atfpg $$= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 - UNO _ sf] kl/ro lbO{ ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 / g]kfnlarsf] ;DaGw tyf ;xof]u atfpg $%= g]kfndf ;fOa/ ck/fwsf] cj:yf jf]w ug{ / o;;DaGWfL sfg'gL k|fjwfg ;DaGwdf ;r]t /xg !@

18. ljifoj:t'sf] lj:t[lts/0f ljifoj:t'sf] If]q ljifoj:t' / ltgsf]] lj:t[tLs/0f d'Vo l;sfO lj|mofsnfk ;Defljt d"Nofª\sg k|lj|mof != xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh &=^ g]kfndf 36\g] ljkb \ -e"sDk, dxfdf/L, r6\ofª, b'3{ 6gf, e"Ifo, lxpFklx/f] cflb kl/ro Joj:yfkg ljkt \ k " jf { j:yf ljkt \ sf ] cj:yf ljkb \kl5sf] cj:yf ljkt Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo tx / /]8j|m;nufot ljleGg ;ª \ 3;+:yfsf] e"ldsf Cfkmgf] ;d'bfodf e'sDk, dxfdf/L, r6\ofª\ , e'Ifo, lxpFklx/f] cflbaf6 pTkGg ljkt\sf af/]df ljBfyL{n] cg'ej u/]sf / b]v]sf 36gf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/fpg ] / d ' Vo 36gf l6kf]6 ug]{ ljkbsf ljleGg cj:yf M ljkt\ k"jf{j:yf, ljkt\sf] cj:yf / ljkt\kl5sf] cj:yfnfO { lrqdf b]vfpFb} Joj:yfkgdf ckgfpg' kg]{ pkfox¿dfly 5nkmn u/L :k:6 kfg ]{ cfkm \ gf ] ;d'bfodf e"sDk, dxfdf/L, r6 \ ofª \, e'Ifo, lxpFklx/f] / b'3{6gf cflb h:tf ljkt\n] kf/] sf] k|efj ;DaGwdf kl/of]hgf sfo{ u/fpg] ljkt \ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwsf :yfgLo lgsfon] ub]{ cfPsf sfo{x¿ ;DaGwdf :yfgLo j8f sfof{no jf gu/kflnsf jf ufp Fkflnsf sfof{nodf uO{ ;DalGwt JolStnfO{ e]6]/ hfgsf/L lng] / To;df cfwfl/t eO{ k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{ nufpg] != lgDglnlvt k|Zgx¿df cfwfl/t eO{ ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\\ M s_ b'3{6gfaf6 jRg] pkfox?sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

19.   PsfOut kf7\oef/ ljt/0f tflnsf PsfO zLif{s sIff ^ sIff & sIff * sfo{ 306f sfo{ 306f sfo{ 306f != xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh !^ !^ !^ @= xfd|f] dfgj d"NodfGotf @) @) @) #=gful/s r]tgf @) @) @) $=;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg @) @) @) %= xfd|f] ljut @) @) @) ^=xfd|f cfly{s lj|mofsnfk @) @) @) &= xfd|f] k[YjL @) @) @) *= hg;+Vof / o;sf] Joj:yfkg !@ !@ !@ (= cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw, ;d;fdlos 36gf / ;"rgf k|ljlw !@ !@ !@ hDdf !^) !^) !^)

20. ;DefJo kl/of]hgf / k|of]ufTds sfo{sf pbfx/0fx¿ != tkfOFsf] ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfdf uO{ hgk|ltlglwx¿;Fu ;f]wk'5 u/L tn lbOPsf a'Fbfx¿df cfwfl/t eP/ l6kf]6 u/ffO{ / sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ M ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro M hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] gfd M j8f ;ª\Vof M ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfsf] ;+/rgf M ljsf;sf sfo{x¿ M

21. kl/of]hgf / k|of]ufTds sfo{sf pbfx/0fx¿ lj|mofsnfk ljBfyL{x¿sf] Jojxf/ != d ;w}F cg'zf;gdf a:g] -s_ u5'{ -v_ ulb{gF @= d cfdf afa' / dfGohgsf c;n afgL Jojxf/sf] cg';/0f -s_ u5'{ -v_ ulb{gF #= d 3/df cfPsf kfx'gfnfO{ ;Ddfg, :jfut / ;Tsf/ -s_ u5'{ -v_ ulb{gF $= d lgoldt ¿kdf ljBfno -s_ hfG5' -v_ hfFlbg %= d lgoldt ¿kdf u[xsfo{÷sIffsfo{ -s_ u5'{ -v_ ulb{g ^=cfkm"n] hfg]sf s'/f ;fyLx¿nfO{ -s_ l;sfpF5' -v_ l;sfpFlbg &=ljBfnodf ;~rfng x'g] cltl/St lj|mofsnfkdf efu -s_ lnG5' -v_ lnGg *=cfkm"n] ghfg]sf s'/f lzIfs;Fu g8/fO{sg -s_ ;f]W5' -v_ ;f]lWbg

22. kl/of]hgf / k|of]ufTds sfo{sf pbfx/0fx¿ Affn clwsf/sf] kl/ro / dxTj ;dfhdf x'g] u/]sf afn>dsf] ;"rL / logLx¿n] kf/]sf c;/x¿ Affn clwsf/ ;+/If0fdf ljBfyL{x¿n] ug{ ;Sg] sfo{x¿             #= sIffsf ljBfyL{x?af6 ljBfyL{ ;+ Vofsf cfwf/df cfjZos ;d"x lgdf{0f u/L tn tflnsfdf lbOPsf] zLif{sdf cfwfl/t eO{ afn clwsf/ ;DaGwdf ljj/0fx? ;+sng u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ M

23. $= cfkm\gf] ;d'bfodf ePsf ;fdflhs ;d:of tyf ljs[ltx¿ ;ª\sng u/L ltgLx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L ;d'bfodf ePsf a'l4hLjLx¿;Fu jf :yfgLo ;ª\3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu pSt ;d:of tyf ljs[ltx¿sf af/]df 5nkmn u/L ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / tn lbOPsf a'Fbfx¿sf cfwf/df k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . ;fdflhs ;d:of tyf ljs[ltsf] kl/ro M ;fdflhs ;d:of tyf ljs[ltx¿sf] ;"rL M :yfgLo a'l4lhjLx¿;Fu ;f]lwg] k|ZgfjnLsf] gd'gf M ;fdflhs ;d:of tyf ljs[ltx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ M

24. ljleGg kqklqsfx¿sf] cWoog u/]/, /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehgsf ;dfrf/x¿ ;'g]/ jf ;dfhsf hfgsf/ JolStx¿;Fu ;f]wvf]h u/]/ ;d;fdlos 36gfx¿sf] ;ª\sng u/L leQ]klqsfdf /fVg nufpg'xf];\ .

25. l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lj|mofsnfk ;fdflhs cWoog / dfgjd"Nosf] kf7\oj|md ljleGg ;fdflhs lj1fgsf If]qnfO{ ;d]6]/ PsLs[t ¿kdf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;df pNn]v ul/Psf ljifoj:t'x¿sf] l;sfO ;xhLs/0fdf ;a} If]qnfO{ ;dfg dxTj lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'sf] PsLs[t ¿kdf cWoog u/fO{ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg, l;k / wf/0ffsf] ljsf; u/fpg'kb{5 . o; ljifon] Jofjxfl/s l;sfOnfO{ hf]8 lbg] x'Fbf sIffleq jf aflx/ cfcfkm\gf] ufpF, 6f]n, ;d'bfox¿;Fu ;DaGw /fvL lj|mofsnfkx¿ u/fpg'kb{5 . oL ljifoj:t'nfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} s07 u/fpg] lzIf0f k4ltnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf ;d'bfodf vf]h u/L l;s]sf s'/fx¿nfO{ l;h{gfTds ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|ltefsf] ljsf; ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g'kb{5 .

26. ;fdflhs cWoogn] ljBfyL{x¿sf ljleGg l;h{gfx¿ h:t} syf, sljtf, gf6s, ;dfrf/, lr7L, ;DkfbsLo, uLt, k|ltj]bg, /]vflrq, j[Qlrq, :tDelrq, tflnsf, tl:a/, gS;f, kmf]6f]dfkm{t efj cleJoSt u?g\ eGg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . oL ;a} l;kx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf ?lrcg';f/sf l;kx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{k5{ . o;sf lglDt lzIfsåf/f lgld{t jflif{s z}Ifl0fs sfo{of]hgf, q}dfl;s of]hgf, PsfO of]hgf / b}lgs kf7of]hgfsf] 7'nf] e"ldsf /xG5 ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lj|mofsnfkdf cfwfl/t u/L u/]/ l;Sg] jftfj/0f / cj;/ tof/ ug'{ kb{5 eGg] ;f]r / lrGtgsf] clej[l4 u/fpg' g} o;sf] d"n nIo xf] . of] ljifo cWofkg ubf{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] s]xL ;Defljt ljlwx¿ tn lbOPsf 5g\ t/ oL gd'gf dfq ePsfn] lzIfsn] kl/l:yltcg's"n ljlwx¿ 5gf]6 u/L l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng ug'{k5{ .

27. l;sfO{ ;xlhs/0f lqmofsnfk oL l;kx¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu ;a} ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ Ps} vfnsf] ;xhLs/0fn] ;Dej gx'g klg ;S5 . To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ ax'af}l4stfsf] l;4fGtcg'¿k ?lr / Ifdtfcg';f/sf 1fg / l;k Pjd\ d"Nox¿sf] ljsf; ug{ lj|mofsnfkdf ljljwtf Nofpg'k5{ . o;sf lglDt of]hgfa4 l;sfO ;xhLs/0fsf]] 7'nf] e"ldsf /xG5 . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ æu/ / l;sÆ eGg] wf/0ffsf] clej[l4 u/fpg' ;fdflhs cWoog ljifosf] d"n nIo xf] . lszf]/ lszf]/L cfkm}Fn] u/]/ l;s]sf s'/fdf ljZjf; u5{g\ . dgdf ljZjf; hfu]kl5 pSt l;sfOn] Jojxf/df ;'wf/ NofpF5 . To;}n] ;fdflhs cWoog ljifodf l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljleGg k|sf/sf ljBfyL{s]lGb|t lzIf0f ljlwx¿ k|of]u ug{'k5{, h:t} M k|Zgf]Q/, k|bz{g, ;d:of ;dfwfg, 5nkmn, cjnf]sg, ;f]wvf]h, clego, kl/of]hgf, k|of]u, :ynut e|d0f, 36gf cWoog, ;dfnf]rgfTds lrGtg, ;fd'bflos sfo{ OToflb .

28. l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lj|mofsnfk ;dfnf]rgfTds lrGtg l;k ljlw kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljsf; ul/Psf] ljlwsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;cGt{ut dlitis dGyg - brain storming _, ;ª\ul7t l;+xfjnf]sg (structure overview) , lhU; -jig-saw), zAbfy{ lrq (semantic map), hf]8Ldf k9fO / hf]8Ldf ;f/f+z (paired reading-paired summarizing), b|'t n]vg -quick write ), dfGotf (value line), dfGotf (value line) h:tf tl/sfx¿ cfjZostfg';f/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

29. ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg kf7\oj|mdn] ck]Iff u/]sf ;Ifdtf / l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n ePgePsf] ;'lgZrt ug{ lgdf{0ffTds / lg0f{ofTds b'j} lsl;dsf d"Nofª\sg ul/g] 5 . lgdf{0ffTds d"NodfGotfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg / k[i7kf]if0fsf dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOdf ;'wf/ ug'{ xf] . l;sfOsf nflu ul/g] o:tf] lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg lzIf0f l;sfO k|lj|mofsf] cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf /xg' kb{5 . lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgdf ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sgsf nflu ljleGg cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s tl/sf k|of]u ug'{k5{ . lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgdf sIff lj|mofsnfk, ljBfyL{sf sfo{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbgsf] cjnf]sg, u[xsfo{, kl/of]hgf sfo{, df}lvs tyf lnlvt sfo{, PsfO tyf q}dfl;s k/LIffx¿, :j tyf ;xkf7L d"Nofª\sgnufotsf ;fwg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

30. ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg ubf{ d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw ljBfyL{n] xfl;n u/]sf] l;sfO :t/sf] d"Nofª\sgsf nflu ljBfyL{sf sfo{ tyf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] cjnf]sg, df}lvs tyf lnlvt k|Zgf]Q/, sIff tyf PsfO k/LIff, Jojxf/ cjnf]sgnufotsf tl/sf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu ?h";"rL >]0fL dfkgnufotsf Jojxf/ cjnf]sg kmf/d, ljleGg txsf l;sfO Ifdtf dfkg ug{] k|Zgx¿, Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofnufot sIff ;xeflutf, sIff sfo{, u[xsfo{, kl/of]hgf sfo{, k|of]ufTds sfo{ cflbdf ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf / pknlAwsf ljifodf lzIfssf] clen]v jf gf]6 cflb d'Vo l;sfO pknlAwdf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO :t/ d"Nofª\sg ug{ k|of]u x'g;Sg] ;fwgx¿ x'g\ . o:tf] d"Nofª\sg ljifoj:t'sf] k|To]s If]q jf PsfOsf] l;sfOkZrft\ u/L ;f] If]q jf PsfOcGtu{tsf d'Vo l;sfO pknlAwdf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO :t/ k/LIf0f ljleGg ;fwgx¿sf] k|of]uaf6 ug{'k5{ .

31. ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg o;/L l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ubf{ ljBfyL{n] Go"gtd l;sfO :t/ xfl;n u/]sf] gkfOPdf ;'wf/fTds l;sfOsf] cj;/ k|bfg u/L k'gM k/LIf0f u/L Go"gtd l;sfO:t/ ;'lglZrt u/L yk jf dflyNnf] :t/sf] l;sfOsf] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{kb{5 . k6sk6ssf] ;'wf/fTds l;sfOkZrft\ klg Go"gtd :t/sf] l;sfO :t/ xfl;n ug{ g;Sg] ljBfyL{sf nflu pkrf/fTds l;sfOsf] of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L To:tf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 .

32. ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sgs d"Nofª\sgsf]] s'n ef/sf] %) k|ltzt cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgsf ¿kdf lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgaf6 ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 eg] clGtd k/LIffaf6 afFsL %) k|ltzt cª\s ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 .

33. cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgsf]] cª\ssf] lglZrt ef/ cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgsf ¿kdf clen]lvt ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgnfO{ clen]lvt u/L k|To]s ljBfyL{sf] sfo{;~rlosf (Portfolio) Jojl:yt u/L /fVg'k5{ . o:tf] clen]vsf cfwf/df lgDglnlvt kIfdf tf]lsPcg';f/sf] ef/sf] cª\s cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgsf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5

34. l;= g+= d"Nof+sgsf kIf ef/ != ;xeflutf M / sIff sfo{df ;xeflutf $ @= k|of]ufTds / kl/of]hgf #^ #= q}dfl;s k/LIffx¿ !)

35. ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd'No lzIff ljifosf] kf7\oj|mdsf ljz]iftfx? Jojxfl/s lj|mofsnfkdf s]lGb|t, ;Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t, ;}b\wflGts / k|of]ufTds kf7\oef/sf] :ki6 Joj:yf k|of]ufTds sfo{x?sf] :ki6 ls6fg, Jojxf/s'zn l;ksf] PsLs/0f Plss[t kf7\oqmd cGt/;DjlGwt ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ePsf] ;d;fdlostfdf hf]8 dfgjd'Nosf kIfx?nfO{ hf]8 lbPsf]

36. Kff7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tsf] cGt/;DjGw

37. ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ljifosf] kf7\o;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ljifo lqmofsnfkdf cfwfl/t ljifo ePsf] sf/0f of] ljifosf] l;sfO{ ;xlhs/0fdf w]/} kf7\o;fdu|L / ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] h?/t kb{5 . hlt w]/} ;fdu|L eof] pltg} l;Sg] / l;sfpg] jftfj/0f ;xh / k|efjsf/L jG5 . o:tf ;fdu|Lsf] vf]hL / k|of]udf ;fdflhs lzIfssf] e"ldsf dxTjk'0f{ /xG5 . ;fdflhs cWoog / dfgjd"No ljifosf] ;|f]t ;fdu|L dWo] kf7\o;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts, lzIfs lgb]{lzsf, ljleGg ;|f]t / ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?sf] ;+sng / k|of]u ul/G5g\ . o:tf ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|of]usf] dxTj lgDgfg';f/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 . s_ kf7\oqmd cfwfl/t l;sfO{nfO{ hf]8 lbG5 v_ yk ljifoj:t' vf]h Lug{ ;xh x'G5 . u_ ljleGg ;d;fdlos ljifoj:t' / tYox?;Fu cBfjlws x'g ;lsG5 .

38. k|of]u kf7\ok':tssf] k|of]udf hf]8 lbg'kg]{ cGo ;Gbe{ ;fdu|LnfO{ k'/s ;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] k'/fgf kf7\ok':ts klg ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] OG6/g]6af6 ljleGg ljifoj:t' ;DjGwdf vf]hLug{ ;lsG5 kf7x? ;/n b]lv hl6n qmddf /flvPsf ljifo If]q km/s km/s ePsf]n] l;sfO{ ;xlhs/0f k|lqmofdf km/s km/s ljlwx? cjnDjg ul/g] yf]/} ljifoj:t' lbOPsf]n] ljifoj:t'sf] vf]h Lug]{ ;Gbe{df lzIfs / ljBfyL{ b'j}sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] . ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfkdf cfwfl/t e} l;sfO{ ;xlhs/0f k|lqmof cjnDjg ul/g] .

39. Kff7\ok':ts Kff7\oqmdsf pb\b]Zo k'/f ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] k"/s ;fdfu|Lsf] ?kdf kf7\ok':tsnfO{ lnO{G5 . Kff7\ok':tsdf kf7\oqmddf pNn]lvt l;sfO{pknlAwnfO{ k'/fug{ ljleGg ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ ;+ul7t ul/Psf] x'G5,;fy{ ljBfyL{ ug{‘‘kg]{ lqmofsnfkx?df ljljwtfnfO{ j9L ;fy{s k|efjsf/L l;sfO{sf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnO{G5 .

40. Kff7\ok':ts kf7\oqmdn] tf]s]sf ;Ifdtf / l;sfO{pknlAw k'/f ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;fwg kf7\ok':ts xf] . kf7\ok':tsn] kf7\oqmdn] /fv]sf l;sfO ck]Iffx? k'/f ug{ dbt ub{5 . cem xfd|f] h:tf] ljsf;f]d"v b]zdf t lzIf0fl;sfOsf] d"n cfwf/ g} kf7\ok':tsnfO{ lng] u/]sf] kfOG5 . Kff7\ok':tsdf kf7\oqmddf pNn]lvt l;sfO{pknlAwnfO{ k'/fug{ ljleGg ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ ;+ul7t ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;fy} ljBfyL{ ug{‘‘kg]{ lqmofsnfkx?df ljljwtfnfO{ j9L ;fy{s k|efjsf/L l;sfO{sf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnO{G5

41. Kff7\ok':ts ljBfyL{sf] Ifdtf / :t/ ;'xfpFbf ljifoj:t'x? ePsf],/rgfTds / ;[hglzntfnfO{ hf]8 lbg] lqmofsnfkd"vL kf7\ok':tsnfO{ /fd|f] kf7\ok':ts dflgG5 . To:t} Kfof{Kt cEof; ug{] cj;/ k|bfg ug]{,;dfj]zL ljifoj:t' ePsf] ,:yfgLo kl/j]z ;'xfpFbf ljifoj:t' / lqmofsnfk x'g' klg /fd|f kf7\ok':tssf u'0fx? x'g\ . kf7\ok':tsdf J}fw / cflwsf/Ls ljifoj:t' ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . lrq,u|fkm,rf6{ / tflnsfsf] k|of]u ePsf] / Eflifs q'6L /lxt kf7\ok':tsn] u'0f:t/Lotfsf] dfkg ug]{ x'bf kf7\ok':ts ljsf;df lo s'/fx? Vofn ul/g'kb{5 .

42. Kfl/efiff u'8 -!*%(_ – æs'g} kf7\of+zsf nflu cfwf/e"t ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf kf7\ok':ts /x]sf] x'G5 . o;df lglZrt ljifoj:t'x¿nfO{ lglZrt txdf lzIf0f ug]{ lsl;dn] Jojl:yt 9Ën] ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 .Æ j|mf]gJofs -!($(_ – æs'g} kf7\of+zsf ljleGg PsfOx¿sf] lzIf0fl;sfO j|mda4 ¿kdf x'g ;sf];\eGg] Wo]on] kf7\ok':ts /rgf ul/G5 .Æ o;/L dflysf kl/efiffx¿nfO{ s]nfpFbf kf7\ok':ts eg]sf] s'g} klg ljifodf lzIfsnfO{ lgb]{zg tyf lgoGq0f ug]{ / ljBfyL{nfO{ k'g/fj[lQ / cEof;sf ;Gbe{df pkof]u ug{ kf7\oj|mdsf p2]Zocg'¿k tof/ ul/Psf] ;fdu|L= eGg] a'lemG5 .

43. /fd|f] Kff=k=' sf u'0fx? ljBfyL{sf] Ifdtf / :t/ ;'xfpFbf ljifoj:t'x? ePsf] /rgfTds / ;[hglzntfnfO{ hf]8 lbg] lqmofsnfkd"vL Kfof{Kt cEof; ug{] cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ ;dfj]zL ljifoj:t' ePsf] :yfgLo kl/j]z ;'xfpFbf] J}fw / cflwsf/Ls ljifoj:t' ePsf] lrq,u|fkm,rf6{ / tflnsfsf] k|of]u ePsf] Efflifs q'6L /lxt

44. kf7\ok':tssf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf jflif{s z}Ifl0fs sfo{ of]hgf,q}dfl;s of]hgf, PsfO{of]hgf / b}lgs kf7of]hgf jgfO{ kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':ts sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . kf7\oqmdn] tf]s]sf ;Ifdtf / l;sfO pknlAw k'/f ug]{ u/L kf7\ok':tssf] k|of]u ul/g'kb{5 . kf7\ok':tssf] k|of]u ubf{ ljBfyL{x?n] j9L a9L lqmofsnfkx? ug]{ u/L ;+ul7t ul/g'kb{5 .

45. kf7\ok':tssf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf :yflgo ;Gbe{nfO{ hf]8\g ldNg] u/L kf7\ok':tsdf cj;/ k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 ;dfh / ;d'bfodf uP/ l;Sg] / 5nkmn ug]{ jftfj/0f kf7\ok':tsn] tof/ kfg'{kb{5 . ;fdflhs cWoogsf] xsdf gk'u /x]sf ljifoj:t'nfO{ k'0f{tf lbg ljleGg pbfx/0f, ;Gbe{ / lqmofsnfk dfkm{t vf]Hg nufpg' kb{5 . ;fy} ljleGg ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L cWoog / kl/of]hgf sfo{ dfkm{t klg ljifoj:t'df k'0f{tf lbg ;lsG5 .

46. %= ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No ljifosf] kf7\ok':tssf] ;+/rgf %=! PsfO, / kf7x¿sf] k|:t'ltsf] 9fFrf / ;ª\u7g s_ PsfO{x? sIff & sf] ;fdflhs cWoog ljifosf] kf7\oqmddf gf}j6f PsfO{x? /x]sf 5g\ . h'g lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ . !=xfdL / xfd|f] ;d'bfo @=xfd|f dfgj d"No dfGotf #= gful/s r]tgf $=;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg %=xfd|f] ljut ^= xfd|f] cfly{s lqmofsnfk &= xfd|f] k[YjL *= hg;+Vof / o;sf] Joj:yfkgf (= xfd|f] cGt/fli6o ;DjGw, ;'rgf k|ljlw / ;d;fdlos 36gf

47. v_ kf7x? k|:t'tLsf] 9fFrf / ;+u7g kf7x?sf] k|:t'tLdf ;/n b]lv hl6n qmddf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . kf7 k|:t'tLdf ljljwtfnfO{ Vofn ul/Psf] 5 . ;Djfb, syf, 36gf cWoog, lr7L, lrq 5nkmn cflb dfkm{t kf7x? k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . kf7x?df ljifoj:t', lqmofsnfk,cEof;, ;d'x sfo{, ;fd'bflos sfo{nfO{ kl/of]hgf sfo{nfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ lrq, rf6{, pbfx/0f cflbsf] k|:t'tLdf hf]8 lbOPsf]

48. cEof;, lj|mofsnfk / kl/of]hgf sfo{ cEof;n] ljBfyL{n] l;s]sf ljifoj:t'nfO{ k'g:d/0f ug{, JofVof ug{, yk l;sfO{sf] nflu vf]hL ug{, ljZn]if0f ug{ k|z:t cj;/x? k|bfg ub{5 . sIff & sf] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfggj d"No lzIff ljifodf /flvPsf cEof;n] 1fgsf ;j}txnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 eg] w]/} 5f]6f, 5f]6f / nfdf] k|Zgx?sf] pTt/ lbg'kg]{ ul/ cEof;nfO{ ;+ul7t ul/Psf] 5 . lqmofsnfkn] ljBfyL{sf ljleGg l;h{gfTds kIf, jx' jf}l4stf / ;d'x 5nkmnnfO{ j9L hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . ljljwtfdf cfwfl/t lqmofsnfknfO{ hf]8 lbg' kf7\ok':tssf] d'Vo ljz]iftfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;d'x lqmofsnfk, 5nkmn, ;Dkblso tof/L, jSt[Tjsnf, lut, syf sljtf, lrq, rf6{sf] k|:t'tLn] lqmofsnfkdf ljBfyL{ ;lqmotfnfO{ lhjGt jgfPsf] 5 . x/]s PsfO{df kl/of]hgf sfo{x? /flvPsf 5g\ . ljBfyL{n] ;d'bfodf uP/ vf]hL, cWoog / cjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ ;Gbe{nfO{ kl/of]hgf sfo{n] ;d]6]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{ / kl/of]hgf sfo{ ;DkGg ul/;s]kl5 sltko PsfO{df k|ltj]bg n]vg / k|:t'tLnfO{ klg hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

49. sIff & sf] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd'No lzIff ljifosf] kf7\ok':tssf] ljz]iftfx? lqmofsnfkdf cfwfl/t l;sfO{ ;xlhs/0fdf hf]8 ljifoj:t', lrq rog, pbfx/0f cflbdf ;dfj]lztfnfO{ Vofn ul/Psf] 5 . ljifoj:t'nfO{ :yflgos/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{ / kl/of]hgf sfo{df hf]8 kf7\o k':tssf kf7x¿ ck|ToIf?kdf lzIf0fl;sfO lqmofsnfksf] pbfx/0f x'g] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 l;h{glzntfdf cfwfl/t l;sfO{

50. sIff & sf] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd'No lzIff ljifosf] kf7\ok':tssf] ljz]iftfx? ljBfyL{sf] ax'jf}l4stfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL j}slNks lqmofsnfkx¿ ;d]t lbOPsf 5g\ sIffsf]7fdf JoVofg Pj+ lzIfs s]lGb|t lzIf0f ljlwnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ / ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t ljlwnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ clt cfj:os ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;+lIfKt ?kdf lbO{ lqmofsnfkdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . kf7nfO{ ?rLk"0f{ agfpg ;Djfb, lrq, lr7L, cflb ljljw ljwfx¿sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfyL{nfO{ :d/0f / lj:d/0fsf] bnbnaf6 d"St u/L ;f]Rg], ;dfnf]rgf ug]{, l;h{gf ug]{ cg'e"lt ug]{, lgdf{0f ug]{, cg'ej ;f6f;f6 ug]{, ;d"xdf sfo{ ug]{, cleJoSt ug]{, dgf]/~hg ug]{, vf]hL ug]{ h:tf ljljw k|sf/sf dgf]j}1flgs, hLjgf]kof]uL Pj+ u/]/ l;Sg] cj;/ kof{Kt lbg] u/L lqmofsnfk Pj+ kf7 k|:t'tL ul/Psf] 5 .

51. lzIfs k[i7kf]if0f kmf/fd cfwf/e"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\oj|md, @)&& sf cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] sIff ^ / & sf] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No lzIff ljifosf] kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':ts cWoog u/L lgDgfg';f/sf] tflnsfdf cfkm\gf /rgfTds ;'emfj lbg'xf];\ M j|m=;= k]h g= kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tsdf ePsf] kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tsdf x'g'kg]{ kl/dfh{g jf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ sf/0f s}lkmot