Data Collection Methods primary & secondary data.pptx

Types of data collection

1. Data C ollection M ethods Dr.S.Jayanthi Sobhana Asst.Professor Department of cpmmerce PA

2. What is Data Collection? Data collection is the process of collecting and evaluating information or data from multiple sources to find answers to research problems, answer questions, evaluate outcomes, and forecast trends and probabilities. It is an essential phase in all types of research, analysis, and decision-making, including that done in the social sciences, business, and healthcare.

3. Before an analyst begins collecting data, they must answer three questions first: What’s the goal or purpose of this research? What kinds of data are they planning on gathering? What methods and procedures will be used to collect, store, and process the information?

4. Why Do We Need Data Collection? let's look at the different methods of data collection. Data collection could mean a telephone survey, a mail-in comment card, or even some guy with a clipboard asking passersby some questions.

5. 1. Primary Data Collection The first techniques of data collection is Primary data collection which involves the collection of original data directly from the source or through direct interaction with the respondents. This method allows researchers to obtain firsthand information tailored to their research objectives. There are various techniques for primary data collection, including : a. Surveys and Questionnaires: Researchers design structured questionnaires or surveys to collect data from individuals or groups. These can be conducted through face-to-face interviews, telephone calls, mail, or online platforms.

6. b. Interviews: Interviews involve direct interaction between the researcher and the respondent. They can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing. Interviews can be structured (with predefined questions), semi-structured (allowing flexibility), or unstructured (more conversational ). c. Observations: Researchers observe and record behaviors, actions, or events in their natural setting. This method is useful for gathering data on human behavior, interactions, or phenomena without direct intervention.

7. d. Experiments: Experimental studies involve manipulating variables to observe their impact on the outcome. Researchers control the conditions and collect data to conclude cause-and-effect relationships. e. Focus Groups: Focus groups bring together a small group of individuals who discuss specific topics in a moderated setting. This method helps in understanding the opinions, perceptions, and experiences shared by the participants.

8. Secondary Data Collection The next techniques of data collection is Secondary data collection which involves using existing data collected by someone else for a purpose different from the original intent. Researchers analyze and interpret this data to extract relevant information. Secondary data can be obtained from various sources, including : a. Published Sources: Researchers refer to books, academic journals, magazines, newspapers, government reports, and other published materials that contain relevant data. b. Online Databases: Numerous online databases provide access to a wide range of secondary data, such as research articles, statistical information, economic data, and social surveys.