Date Rape Drugs, club drugs , PowerPoint presentation

Date rape drugs are substances used to incapacitate a person, making them vulnerable to sexual assault. These drugs often have sedative or amnesic effects, and common examples include Rohypnol, GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), and ketamine. They are typically colorless, tasteless, and odorless, making them easy to mix into drinks undetected. Effects can include drowsiness, confusion, impaired motor skills, and memory loss.

1. DATE RAPE DRUGS RISHAB M NAIR A4023004

2. Objectives: Rape and its types Date rape drugs Types of date rape drugs General uses Effects Sample collection Methods of determination Prevention Support and Helpline References

3. WHAT IS RAPE?

4. TYPES OF RA P E Statutory rape Marital rape Custodial rape Gang rape Strange rape Date rape

5. WHAT ARE DATE RAPE DRUGS? These are drugs that are sometimes used to assist in committing a sexual assault. Sexual assault is any type of sexual activity that a person does not agree to. Because of the effects of these drugs, victims may be physically helpless, unable to refuse sex, and unable to remember what happened. The drugs often have no colour, odour or taste and are easily added to flavoured drinks without the victim’s knowledge These are also known as club drugs because they are commonly used at dance clubs , concerts and raves.

6. MOST COMMONLY USED DATE RAPE DRUGS GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid), ketamine and rohypnol are the most common date-rape drugs. Street names for GHB include Grievous Bodily Harm, Liquid G, Liquid Ecstasy, Somatomax, Cherry Meth, Easy Lay and Gamma 10. Street names for ketamine include Special K, Ket and K, Vitamin K, Kit Kat, Keller, Cat Valium, Purple and Super C. Street names for rohypnol include Roofies, R2, Roofenol, Roche, Roachies, La Rocha, Rope, Rib, Circles, Mexican Valium, Roach-2, Roopies, Ropies, Forget Pill, Trip-and-Fall and Mind Erasers.

7. OTHER TYPES OF DATE RAPE DRUGS There are other drugs that affect judgment and behavior, and can put a person at risk for unwanted or risky sexual activity. Alcohol is one of those drugs, and can result in impaired judgment, less ability to protect oneself and blackouts or memory loss In some cases, the individual might even ingest the drug willingly. A person who uses heroin, for example, may be so incapacitated that they do not realise a perpetrator is attempting to sexually assault them.

8. GEN E RAL USES OF THE DRUG GHB has been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcoholism . ROPHYPNOL Used as hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and skeletal muscle relaxant drug. KETAMINE disassociation anesthetic agent primarily used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, usually in combination with a sedative. It usually impacts the CNS by separating perception and sensation .

9. WHAT DO DATE RAPE DRUGS LOOK LIKE? GHB is usually a liquid that can be mixed with other liquids. It also comes as a powder. Neither form has a smell or a taste. Rohypnol used to come as a white tablet that didn’t have a smell or taste. Drug companies now make it as a light green pill with a blue core. If someone puts it in a clear drink, the liquid turns blue. Some generic pills may not have the blue dye. Ketamine is a clear liquid or an off-white powder that’s often injected. You can’t smell or taste it.

10. EFFECTS OF THE DATE RAPE DRUGS GHB : Drowsiness, dizziness, n ausea , p roblems in seeing, l oss of consciousness (black out), s eizures , c an't remember what happened while drugged, breathing problems, tremors, vomiting , slower heartbeat . It takes effect in about 15 mins and can last for about 3-4 hours Rohypnol : R elaxes you. In high doses, it can cause trouble controlling your muscles, amnesia, loss of inhibitions, difficulty with motor movements, drunk feeling , p roblems while talking, n ausea , c an't remember what happened while drugged , l oss of consciousness (black out), c onfusion , s leepiness , lower blood pressure, s tomach p roblems and death. Its effects usually start within 30 minutes and peak about 2 hours after you take it. As little as 1 milligram can affect you for 8 to 12 hours. Ketamine : might make you hallucinate or feel woozy. It can also cause an upset stomach, vomiting, high blood pressure, changes in your heart rate, seizures, or a coma. It usually takes effect within 30 minutes and lasts an hour or two. But you could be affected for a day or more. Ketamine is very fast-acting. The victim mig ht be aware of what is happening to her, but unable to move. It also causes memory problems. Later, she might not be able to remember what happened while she was drugged.

11. The number one date rape drug isn't GHB, Rohypnol or Ketamine. The number one date rape drug is ALCOHOL . When a person drinks too much alcohol: It's harder to think clearly. It's harder to set limits and make good choices. It's harder to tell when a situation could be dangerous. It's harder to say "no" to sexual advances. It's harder to fight back if a sexual assault occurs. It's possible to blackout and to have memory loss .

12. U RINE AND BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION The period of time rohypnol , GHB, or other rape drugs will remain in the urine or blood depends on a number of variables, including the amount ingested, the victim's body size and rate of metabolism, whether the victim had a full stomach, and whether she previously urinated . A urine specimen is preferable to a blood specimen because the drugs and their metabolites can be detected in urine for a longer period of time ( LeBeau , 1999). DRUGS REMAIN IN URINE Benzodiazepines (e.g. Rohypnol): 48-96 hrs Benzodiazepine are not typically detected in the urine after 48 hours GHB up to 12 hours I t is difficult to detect in a urine sample after a day, and many victims may not recall the rape until some time after this, although GHB can be detected in hair Hair testing can be a useful tool in court cases and/or for the victim's own information DRUGS REMAIN IN BLOOD Benzodiazepines (e.g. Rohypnol): 4-12 hours GHB: 4-8 hours

13. METHODS TO DETERMINE DATE RAPE DRUGS IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES Methods used to determine date-rape drugs in biological samples must have high identification capabilities . Currently, separations techniques are mainly used, such as high performance liquid chromatography gas chromatography or capillary electrophoresis. These techniques are usually combined with spectrophotometric or mass detectors to detect substances from the DRD group For example, in order to determine GHB in hair samples, high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass ( HPLC–MS / MS ) preceded by liquid-liquid extraction ( LLE ) was used

14. DBS METHOD

15. WHY DBS METHOD? The DBS technique has several advantages over conventional ones for various biological materials such as blood, plasma, or serum. This method is micro-invasive—collected through finger or heel pricks. The volume of blood required is smaller—less than 50 µL. Blood samples spotted on a DBS card can be stored for several months or years at room temperature. Due to these advantages, DBS is mainly used in forensic toxicology, drug screening, therapeutic drug monitoring and neonatal screening

16. HOW CAN A WOMEN PROTECT HERSELF FROM DATE RAPE DRUGS? Whether you are at a bar, restaurant or in any public setting, keep yourself and your friends safe by doing these simple things: Never leave your drink unattended. Do not accept open-container drinks from anyone but a bartender or server. If you are accepting a drink, make sure it is from an unopened container and that you open the container yourself. Be wary about accepting drinks from anyone you do not know well or long enough to trust. Attend parties or visit bars with a group of friends, arranging beforehand to watch each other’s drinks. If you arrive as a group, leave as a group. Watch out for your friends. If a friend shows symptoms of date-rape drug ingestion, seek medical attention immediately. Notify other females you know about the effects of these dangerous drugs. If you think that you have been a victim, notify the authorities immediately.

17. REPORTING OF DFSA Guidance on reporting : If you are ill or injured, call for assistance or go to a hospital emergency department for treatment. If you want to report the incident, call the police and preserve the evidence – do not shower, change clothes, or brush your teeth – until you get a medical exam. Try not to urinate until medical/legal evidence is collected at the hospital. Your urine can be tested for the presence of sedating drugs. The sooner you get to the hospital, the more likely the drug will be found in your system.

18. SUPPORT AND HELPLINE FOR DFSA Get emotional support and help. There are agencies specializing in sexual assault services in most communities. To be connected with a 24-hour confidential sexual assault hotline near you, call: National Commission for Women Helpline ( 7827170170 ) Multiple Action Research Group (MARG - 011 26497483 / 26496925 ) Shakti Shalini - Women’s Shelter ( 011 24373736 / 24373737 ) Sakshi ( 0124 2562336 / 5018873 )

19. REFERENCES http://www.idph.state.il.us/about/womenshealth/factsheets/date.htm# https://panthernow.com/2018/03/21/80109/ https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/date-rape-drugs https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7915646/#sec1-molecules-26-00813title https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/813 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0731708516312572 https://www.herzindagi.com/amp/society-culture/helpline-numbers-for-women-in-india-article-207630 https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/201894.pdf https://isp.illinois.gov/CriminalInvestigations/DateRapeDrugs#:~:text=These%20drugs%20can%20be%20detected,recommended%20urine%20tests%20be%20conducted

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