Defining Urban, Urbanization and Urbanism

MPA 213
1st Semester 2020

1. Defining Urban, Urbanization
and Urbanism
Urbanization is happening faster than any time in
history

2. There are 10,000Citieson Planet
Earth. Half Didn’t Exist 40 Years Ago

5. Urban
URB= (City) + AN =(Denotes Place)
Pertaining to a large city. An urban areamight
be defined as an area with a largeamountof
people residing in it, an area that has been
significantly developed, or an area where the
distance between buildings is very small.
Urban is used in contrast to rural, which
generallyindicatesa low-population, often
agricultural-based area.

6. Most people can agree that cities are places where
large numbers of people live and work; they are hubs
of government, commerce and transportation. But
how best to define the geographical limits of a city is
a matter
of some debate.
So far, no standardized
international criteria exist
for determining the
boundaries of a city and
often multiple boundary
definitions are available
for any given city.
2050

7. AnUrbanAreaisahumansettlementwith
highpopulationdensityandinfrastructure
ofbuiltenvironment.Urbanareasare
createdthroughUrbanizationandare
categorizedbyurbanmorphologyascities,
towns,conurbations,orsuburbs.
InUrbanism,thetermcontrasttorural
areassuchasvillagesandhamletsandin
urbansociologyorurbananthropologyit
contrastwithnaturalenvironment.

8. Urban settlements have been
defined on the basis of:
Cultural Definition-Urban Culture
Political Definition-Administrative Functions
Economic Definition-percentage of people
in non agricultural populations
Demographic Definition-size of the
Population
Functional geography

9. Cultural Definition
-A city is a state of mind, a body of customs and
traditions
2 types of communities
•“gesellschaft” (urban)-larger scale “Societal”or formal
role relationships
•“gemeischaft”(rural)-more intimate scale
“community”or primary relationships

10. Political Definition
-A national Government may define its urban
areas in terms of functions.
Often those residing in the capital of a
country or province are designated as
urban
In Kenya and Thailand, all incorporated
places are urban, regardless of size
In Canada, Until 1971all incorporated
places were automatically urban

11. Economic Definition
A country has sometimes been described as
urban if less than half of its workers are
engaged in agriculture
“Urban” = “non –agricultural”

12. Demographic Definition
-Demographically, a place is defined as being
urban because a certain number of people live
in it, certain density of people live in it, or both

13. Urbanization
Rural Urban
movement
More people living in
urban areas

14. Urbanization
Urbanization is a process whereby populations move from
rural to urban area, enabling cities and towns to grow. It can also be
termed as the progressive increase of the number of people living in
towns and cities. It is highly influenced by the notion that cities and
towns have achieved better economic, political, and social mileages
compared to the rural areas.
Accordingly, urbanization is very common in developing and
developed worlds as more and more people have the tendency of
moving closer to towns and cities to acquire “privileged” social and
economic services as well as benefits. These include social and
economic advantages such as better education, health care,
sanitation, housing, business opportunities, and transportation.

15. Urbanization
Transformation of a society from a rural to an urban
one.
Urban population -Persons living in cities or towns
of 2,500 or more residents.
Urbanized area-One or more places and the
adjacent densely populated surrounding area that
together have a minimum population of 50,000.
Mega-cities-Cities with 10 million residents or more.

16. Traits of Urbanization
Urbanization is an Index of Transformation
It is concentration of population
Quantification of Urbanization is difficult
It is a long term process
It is a finite process
Agrarian to Industrial society
Exciting new Opportunities for Investors

17. Causes of Urbanization
Urbanization occurs naturally from
individual & corporate efforts to reduce time
and expense in commuting in transportation
while improving job opportunities, education,
housing, and transportation
Urbanization permits individuals and
families to take advantage of the opportunities
of proximity, diversity, and market place
competition

18. Causes of Urbanization
Hub of change
Better services
Job Opportunity
A greater variety of entertainment &
Better quality of Education

19. Reasons for Migration
-People were losing their jobs on the farms
during the industrialization to machines
•Job opportunities
•Improved facilities
•Better education
•Transportation faster access to
medical help

20. Demographically
-Urbanization is an increase in population
concentration (Numbers and density)
Organizationally
-It is an alteration in structure and patterns
of organization

21. Benefits of Urbanization
Improvement In Economy
Growth of Commercial
Activities
Social and Cultural Integration
Efficient Services
Resources Utilization

23. Urbanization is accelerating faster
than in any time in human history
Concentrating in
cities more than
ever before

24. Future of internally integrated by industrial
and productively connected

25. Urbanism
is the study of the characteristic ways of interaction
of inhabitants of towns and cities (urban areas) with
thebuilt environment. It is a direct component of
disciplines such asurban planning(the physical
design and management of urban structures)
andurban sociology(the study of urban life and
culture). However, in some contexts internationally
Urbanism is synonymous withUrban Planning, and
the”Urbanist”refers to anUrban Planner.

26. Urbanism
•City way of Life
•Socio cultural consequences of living in urban places
the human side of urbanization
•Social patterns and behavior associated with living
cities
oEmphasis on: Competition, achievement,
specialization, superficiality, anonymity,
independence, are tangential relationships
oCompared with: a simpler and less
competitive idealized rural past

27. New Urbanism
New Urbanismis anUrban
design movement which promotes
environmentally friendly habits by
creatingwalkable neighbourhoods
containing a wide range of housing and job
types.It arose in the United States in the
early 1980s, and has gradually influenced
many aspects ofreal estate
development,Urban Planning, and
municipal land Use strategies.

28. New Urbanism
NewUrbanismisstronglyinfluencedby
urbandesignpracticesthatwereprominent
untiltheriseoftheautomobilepriortoWorld
WarII;itencompassestenbasicprinciples
suchastraditionalneighbourhooddesign
(TND) and transit- oriented
Development(TOD).Theseideascanallbe
circledbacktotwoconcepts:buildingasense
ofcommunityandthedevelopmentof
ecologicalpractices.

29. Sando : Building Smarter City

30. Urban planning
Underground water and electric tunnel
Pedestrian
Telecommunications
Highways and subways
Underground waste that goes directly to
waste processing center

31. Singapore
City built in water. A story of
land reclamation
Reclamation Project

33. Housing and Slums
•Acute shortage of housing in urban areas and
much of the available accommodation is
quantitatively of sub standard variety
•With large scale migration for urban areas, many
find that the only option that they have is
substandard housing, overcrowding, lack of
electrification, ventilation, roads, and drinking water
facilities

34. Over crowding

35. Over crowding
•Overcrowding encourages deviant
behaviour, spreads diseases, and creates
conditions to mental illness, alcohol and
riots
•One effect of dense urban living is people’s
apathy and indifference

36. Power shortage
•Power supply has remained insufficient in majority
of Urban Area
•The use of electrical gadgets has increase in cities,
and establishments of new industries and the
expansion of the old ones has also increased
dependence of electricity

37. Pollution
•Towns and cities are major polluters of the
environment, Several cities discharge 40 to 6
percent of their entire sewage and industrial
effluents untreated into the nearby rivers
•Urban industries pollutes the atmospheres with
smoke and toxic causes from the chimneys
•All these Increases the chances of diseases
among the people living in the urban centres

38. Other Problems:
Environmental Problems
Educational Problems
Malnutrition
Poverty
Unemployment

40. Rural rebound
•where people are getting sick of
cities and moving back to Rural
Areas

41. •Make the economy of rural areas
fully viable by undertaking massive
rural development program

42. •Surplus rural manpower should
be absorbed in rural areas
themselves to reduce rural to
urban migration.

44. Urban Planning and Management
City Development Strategy
Systematic development of urban centers
and creation of job opportunities
Regional planning with city planning
Encouraging industries to move to backward
area
Municipalities to find own financial resources
Adopting Pragmatic Housing Policy

46. References:
https//prezi.com by Jerdy Mercene, June 25,2017
www.yahoo.com
www.google.com
Department of Agriculture-Philippine Rural Development
Project
John J. Palen –1997, Tonnies 1957,Wirth 1938
Being Urban: Urban Dictionary and Meriam Dictionary
www.youtube.comKhai Loon October 16, 2016
www.slideshare.net