Democracy-Understanding-its-Meaning-Dimensions-and-Challenges-2.pptx

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1. Democracy Understanding its Meaning, Dimensions, and Challenges 2 nd Quarter Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century

2. Recap What is democracy? What are some key democratic practices? What is the difference between participatory and representative democracy? Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

3. Recap Democracy was defined as a system of government where power is vested in the people . Key democratic practices such as elections , the rule of law , and civil rights were highlighted. The differences between participatory democracy ( direct citizen involvement ) and representative democracy ( elected officials representing the people ) were explained. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

4. What do you think happens when these democratic practices are not followed or respected? Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

5. Objectives By the end of the session, you should be able to: Assess democratic interventions in political and social institutions. Formulate creative alternatives to undemocratic practices. Present solutions to common undemocratic practices in society. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

6. Introduction Democracies thrive when all citizens are involved in the decision-making process . However, when democratic practices are not followed or when certain groups are excluded, undemocratic practices emerge, leading to severe consequences for society . Let’s explore some common undemocratic practices and their effects. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

7. Gender Biases Definition: Gender bias refers to unequal treatment or perceptions based on gender. It typically manifests in society when one gender, often women or LGBTQ+ individuals, is denied equal opportunities, rights, or representation. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

8. Gender Biases Effects Limited Opportunities : Gender bias prevents equal access to education, employment, and leadership roles. For example , in many societies, women are underrepresented in politics and decision-making processes. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

9. Gender Biases Effects Economic Disadvantage: When one gender is marginalized, society loses the full potential of its workforce. Gender biases can lead to lower wages for women, impacting not only individual lives but also national economic growth. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

10. Gender Biases Effects Social Inequality: Gender biases perpetuate harmful stereotypes, fostering a culture where violence and discrimination against women and marginalized genders are normalized. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

11. Gender Biases Example In many countries, women’s voices are still underrepresented in government and business, leading to policies that don’t fully address issues affecting them, such as reproductive rights or gender-based violence. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

12. Gender Biases How do gender biases impact decision-making in your community? Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

13. Poverty Definition: Poverty refers to a state of deprivation, where individuals or groups lack the financial resources to meet basic needs, such as food, shelter, and healthcare. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

14. Poverty Effects Exclusion from Decision-Making : Poor communities are often excluded from political processes, meaning they have little say in decisions that affect them directly. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

15. Poverty Effects Limited Access to Education and Resources: Without access to proper education or healthcare, poverty becomes a cycle that’s difficult to break, further widening the gap between the rich and the poor. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

16. Poverty Effects Social Unrest: Poverty can lead to feelings of hopelessness and anger, increasing the likelihood of social unrest, protests, or even violence when people feel neglected by their government. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

17. Poverty Example In countries with extreme poverty, political participation is often limited to the wealthy, leaving marginalized communities without a voice in government policies that could improve their lives. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

18. Poverty In what ways does poverty influence political participation? Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

19. Political Marginalization Definition: Political marginalization happens when certain groups (based on ethnicity, religion, class, or geography) are systematically excluded from political processes and decision-making. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

20. Political Marginalization Effects Inequitable Policies: When certain groups are marginalized, policies are made without considering their needs, leading to inequitable access to resources like education, healthcare, and employment. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

21. Political Marginalization Effects Alienation and Discontent: Marginalized groups often feel excluded and powerless, which can lead to social tension, protest movements, or political instability. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

22. Political Marginalization Effects Lack of Representation: Without proper representation, these groups are denied a voice in government, leading to discrimination or even violent suppression. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

23. Political Marginalization Example In many countries, indigenous peoples or ethnic minorities are excluded from political processes, resulting in a lack of representation in government and continued neglect of their rights. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

24. Political Marginalization What are the effects of excluding certain groups from the political process in your community? Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

25. Democratic Interventions in Social and Political Institutions Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

26. Introduction While these undemocratic practices have harmful effects, democratic systems have developed interventions to address and correct these issues. Let’s examine a few examples of interventions aimed at promoting equality and fairness. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

27. Gender Equality Interventions Affirmative Action : In many democratic countries, laws and policies are put in place to promote the representation of women and marginalized genders in politics and the workforce. Quotas for female politicians, for instance, help ensure more equal representation. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

28. Gender Equality Interventions Anti-Discrimination Laws : These laws protect individuals from being discriminated against based on gender. They create frameworks for equality in the workplace and in educational institutions. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

29. Gender Equality Example In the Philippines, the Magna Carta of Women ensures gender equality in all aspects of society, providing women with greater protection and opportunities. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

30. Political Marginalization How do affirmative action and gender equality laws help reduce gender biases in society? Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

31. Anti-Poverty Programs Social Welfare Programs : Many democratic governments implement programs to alleviate poverty. These include financial assistance, free education, and healthcare services for the poorest sectors of society. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

32. Anti-Poverty Programs Inclusive Economic Policies: Democracies also promote policies that foster inclusive growth, such as job creation programs and microfinancing for small businesses. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

33. Anti-Poverty Programs The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in the Philippines provides financial aid to poor households, helping them afford education, healthcare, and other basic needs. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

34. Anti-Poverty Programs How do social welfare programs address the issue of poverty in your community? Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

35. Political Inclusion and Representation Proportional Representation : Some democratic systems use proportional representation to ensure that smaller or marginalized groups have a voice in government, even if they don’t have a majority in the general population. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

36. Political Inclusion and Representation Decentralization of Power: Many countries decentralize their political systems, giving more power to local governments so that even marginalized communities have a say in local governance. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

37. Political Inclusion and Representation In South Africa, after the end of apartheid, the country adopted a system of proportional representation to ensure that all ethnic groups had a say in the government. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

38. Political Inclusion and Representation What democratic interventions could help improve the political inclusion of marginalized groups in your community? Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School

39. Democratic interventions in social and political institutions are crucial to counter the ill effects of undemocratic practices such as gender biases, poverty, and political marginalization. By implementing policies that promote equality, representation, and inclusion, democracies can ensure that all citizens are fairly treated and can fully participate in the decision-making process. Department of Education Region X: Division of Cagayan de Oro City Canitoan National High School