DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CONTINENTAL ODISHA

Although the state is endowed with vast natural resources it has remained on the bottom of the developmental chart of the nation. With such a reserve of natural resources and human resource potential, it is like a hibernating beast which must awake for good. Stealing the limelight of the most favourable smart city, the capital is growing like never before along with a few more cities. Yet the state remains mostly rural and lagging in most aspects except for the coastal regions. My analysis is that the state has not been given its due attention in planning which is the reason for its present backwardness.

1. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT







A Paper
on
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CONTINENTAL ODISHA











KAMLESH KUMAR



DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
DELHI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS
University of Delhi

2. CONTENTS


Statement of The Problem 1
Study Area 1
Administrative Map 2
Indicators 4
Collection of Data 4
Data Analysis
Formulae 5
Representation and Interpretation
Map: District Population 6
Map: Population Growth 8
Map: Population Density 10
Map: Sex Ratio 12
Map: Household Size 14
Map: Literacy 16
Map: Composite Index 18
Appendix 19

3. 1

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Although the state is endowed with vast natural resources it has remained on the bottom of
the developmental chart of the nation. With such a reserve of natural resources and human
resource potential, it is like a hibernating beast which must awake for good. Stealing the
limelight of the most favourable smart city, the capital is growing like never before along
with a few more cities. Yet the state remains mostly rural and lagging in most aspects except
for the coastal regions. My analysis is that the state has not been given its due attention in
planning which is the reason for its present backwardness.

STUDY AREA: CONTINENTAL ODISHA
CRITERIA
✓ Based on the broader division of ‘central highlands’ taken from the regional division
of OHK Spate and RL Singh.
✓ Homogeneity of demographic aspects
✓ Polarization of geographical aspects including forested area as well as abundance of
natural resources.
✓ To study the continental part of the state which is predominantly rural and backward
as opposed to their counterpart coastal districts.

Geographical Profile of Odisha
The state of Odisha or Orissa is located in the eastern part of the country, neighbor to the
state of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The state got
separated from Bihar on 1
st
April 1936 with the historic city Cuttack as the capital which was
later shifted to Bhubaneswar in 1956. The temple city along with the state is testimonial to
the Indian cultural heritage in every sense, the state is birth place of world-famous cultural
phenomenon- Rath Yatra.
The 9
th
largest state of India has the population of 4.18 crores as of 2011. The population
density is 260 persons per sq. km. which is fairly below the national average. The has
recorded a growth rate of about 14% which is below the national average as well. The
literacy rate in the state is about 73% a figure that has improved tremendously in the last few
years due to the consistent efforts of the government. The sex ratio at 978 is appreciable.

PHYSICAL
The state can be broadly divided into four categories: the northern plateau, the Eastern Ghats,
the central tract, and the coastal plains. Geology of the state varies in structure and age, the
continental part is one of the ancient rocks on the planet- Gondwana rock system. The
northern plateau is an extension of the forest-covered and mineral-rich Chota Nagpur plateau.
The region is drained by Mahanadi, Subarnarekha, Baitarani, Brahmani and Rushikulya. The
mountain peak Deomali (1672 mts.) is situated in Koraput district. The state is leading in the
production of bauxite, manganese ore, graphite, and nickel ore among others. Coal from the
Talcher field in Dhenkanal is power house to many industries. Apart from this the state is
budding in hydroelectric power mainly from the Hirakud and Machkund projects.
The region has a tropical wet-dry (savanna) climate. January is the coolest month while
May is the warmest, Balangir recording highest of 44.2 °C in 2019. Average annual rainfall in
the state is about 1,500 mm, mostly due to the southwest monsoon.

4. 2

5. 3

THE ODIA
Odisha has predominantly a rural population, Scheduled Tribes and
Scheduled Castes forming 2/5
th
of the population. The caste structure in
Odisha is similar to that in other states of eastern India. Just below the
highest-level Brahmans are the Karanas (the writer class), who
claim Kshatriya status, with the pen as their weapon rather than the
sword
1
. The Khandayats (Swordsmen) are mostly cultivators but call
themselves “Khandayat-Kshatriyas.” The tribal people for a long time
have been undergoing the process of Hinduization, and many tribal
chieftains also have claimed Kshatriya status. The irrigated rice-farming
region of the coastal plains is heavily populated. Although some tribal
people have settled in the plains, most live in the hill areas. Most of the
major cities are situated in the coastal plains. Odisha has a well-
developed social, physical and industrial infrastructure, and the state
government has undertaken several infrastructural projects to further
promote overall development. The state's infrastructure includes well-
connected road and rail networks, airports, ports, power, and telecom.

ECONOMY
3/5
th
of the population is engaged in agriculture despite of the fact that
most of the land is unfavourable of high productivity. Nevertheless, the
state has evolved as a key player in mineral and metal industries in the
nation. The state's economy witnessed high growth rates between 2011-
12 and 2017-18, with Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of 10.30
per cent
2
. It is the first state in India to have undertaken reform and
restructuring initiatives in the power sector. As of 2019, the state had a
total installed power generation capacity of 7,653.58 megawatt (MW).
The state has attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows worth
US$ 549 million during the period April 2000 to March 2019
3
. The
service sector is the largest chunk of the state economy with tourism
playing a major role in the growth.










1
https://www.britannica.com/
2
https://www.ibef.org/states/odisha.aspx
3
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade(DPIIT) Report
SL. DISTRICT
1 Anugul
2 Balangir
3 Baleshwar
4 Bargarh
5 Baudh
6 Bhadrak
7 Cuttack
8 Debagarh
9 Dhenkanal
10 Gajapati
11 Ganjam
12 Jagatsinghpur
13 Jajpur
14 Jharsuguda
15 Kalahandi
16 Kandhamal
17 Kendrapara
18 Keonjhar
19 Khordha
20 Koraput
21 Malkangiri
22 Mayurbhanj
23 Nabarangapur
24 Nayagarh
25 Nuapada
26 Puri
27 Rayagada
28 Sambalpur
29 Subarnapur
30 Sundargarh
83%
17%
RURALURBAN
Table 1 List of
Districts, Odisha

6. 4

INDICATOR
Demographic Category
District wise Total Population of the Region 2011
District wise Total Population of the Region 2001
District wise Population Density of the Region 2011
District wise Number of Households of the Region 2011
District wise Sex Ratio of the Region 2011
District wise Literacy Rate of the Region 2011

Population Size is the total number of people living in each unit of area. It includes all live
population from each age-sex group.
Population Growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population. The
population growth rate is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population
increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population.
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area. In simple terms population
density refers to the number of people living in an area per kilometre square.
Sex Ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. In Bihar sex ratio at birth, which is
the number of females born per 1,000 males, is showing a worrying decline, according to a
Sample Registration System (SRS) survey.
Household Size: A ‘household’ is usually a group of persons who normally live together and
take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them
from doing so. It is the number of households per 100 population in the area.
Literacy is the ability to read and write. Literacy rate is the total number of literate persons in
a given age group, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Literacy rate is calculated by dividing the number of literates of a given age range by the
corresponding age group population and multiply the result by 100.

COLLECTION OF DATA
Census of India 2001: Primary Census Abstract
Census of India 2011: Primary Census Abstract
District Census Handbook 2011
Survey of India
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Projection System

The data for all the maps has been collected mainly from the official websites and reports of
government departments. This atlas depends entirely on second hand data. Firstly, topic
Demographic profile was chosen and then the indicators were chosen accordingly (e.g.
Population growth, Population density, Population size, Household size, Sex ratio and Literacy
rate). The maps were prepared with the help of software called ArcGIS 10.5. For convenience,
data was compiled in Microsoft excel sheets and saved it in CSV (comma delimited) format
and joined the data in ArcGIS and then classified and displayed the data through choropleth
technique.

7. 5


DATA ANALYSIS
FORMULAE
1. Population Size: For convenience, first calculate the average population of each district in
the whole region.
LQ= Population of the district 2011/Average share of population 2011
2. Population Growth (%) = [(Population 2011-Population 2001/ Population 2001)*100]
Location Quotient= District Population Growth (%)/ Region Population Growth (%)
3. Population Density= Population 2011/Area (Sq. Km.)
Location Quotient= District Population Density/ Region Population Density

4. Sex Ratio= (Males 2011/ Females 2011)*1000
Location Quotient= District Sex Ratio/ Region Sex Ratio

5. Household Size= (Total District Households 2011/ District Total Population 2011)*100
Location Quotient= District Household Size / Region Household Size

6. Literacy Rate= (Total Literates in District 2011/ Total Population 7+ 2011)*100
Location Quotient= District Literacy rate/ Region Literacy rate

7. Composite Index= Sum of all the Location Quotient/6

8. 6


MAP 1: DISTRICT POPULATION

9. 7



INTERPRETATION
The above map shows the variation of total population in a particular district of Continental
Odisha region. The highest population growth is recorded in the district of Cuttack with 2.62
million people and LQ of 2.15 which is shown by the Red colour in the map with contrast to
the lowest of 3.1 lakh in Debagarh with a LQ of 0.25 represented by Yellow colour.

Physical Factors: Due to different in relief and geomorphic factor population is widely varied
throughout the region. Coastal areas such as Cuttack and Gajapati have an upper hand in
population concentration. Mineral rich regions of the north and the north east are equally
concentrated.

Social Factors: Migration to Odisha from the neighbouring states as well as intra state
migration especially rural-urban migration for better opportunities and lifestyle along with
inter-state marriages are another factor contribution to the dense population in some districts.

Economic Factors: The rapid economic growth led to the heavy in-migration of labourers,
professionals from all parts. The improvement in transport and communication, trade and
construction are an attribute. The smart city status to the capital gave a major boost to the whole
state altogether.

10. 8


MAP 2: POPULATION GROWTH

11. 9



INTERPRETATION
The above map shows the variation of population growth of Continental Odisha region. The
highest population growth is recorded in the district of Malkangiri with 21.6% growth which
is shown by the Red colour in the map with contrast to the lowest of 10.02% in Bargarh
represented by Yellow colour.

Physical Factors: Due to different in relief and geomorphic factor population growth is not
equally distributed. Mineral rich regions have been already habituated and at present the other
parts of the state are being filled up rapidly.

Social Factors: Migration to Odisha from the neighbouring states is a historical
phenomenon, the migration and hinduization of the migrants is a well-known fact. Along
with this inter-state marriages are another factor contribution to the growth. Family planning
is another major issue in the region. But there has been a considerable expansion in social
programmes, centrally sponsored and state government initiated, over the years. These
programmes cover employment generation, pensions, public distribution system, health and
sanitation, housing, education, special schemes for girls etc. in the region.

Economic Factors: Emigration and immigration of workers, students and labours plays an
important role in the variation of population growth in the region. The rapid economic growth
led to the heavy in-migration of agricultural labourers and poor peasants, mainly from
neighbouring states. The improvement in transport and communication, trade and
construction is an attribute.

12. 10

MAP 3: POPULATION DENSITY

13. 11


INTERPRETATION
The region covers the central, north, north-eastern and southern part of Odisha. The above map
shows the variation of population density of continental Odisha. The highest population density
is recorded in the district of Cuttack with Location Quotient of 2.85 which is shown by the Red
colour in the map because it is the former capital of state, apart from that it is a historic city, a
major hub as well as shares the status of twin-city with the current capital. The lowest is
recorded in the district of Kandhamal with LQ of 0.39 represented by Yellow colour.

Physical Factors: The region is drained by mighty rivers such as Brahmani, Mahanadi and
Indravati among others. Apart from this there are mineral mines and industries in the northern
part and forest in the southern contributing to the high variation of population density. The
Mahanadi river acts as the source of hydro power generation and also of irrigation system for
the population especially the region along the river. And the low population density has been
recorded due to the backwardness and forested area along with security issues as the
Dandakaranya is hub to the Maoists.

Social Factors: The districts share a common culture with a pinch of heterogenous tribal
population like Munda, Santhal, Savara, Juang, Oraon etc with the Odia, Bengali and Telugu.
The main religion is Hinduism. Other religions are practiced by small minorities. Places are
historical and cultural associations with Buddhism, Jainism and Lingayats.

Economic Factors: Agriculture remains the primary source of employment in the region and
is known to suffer from the vagaries of the weather, dependent upon the Monsoon. Other major
occupation pie is occupied by the manufacturing sector.

14. 12

MAP 4: SEX RATIO

15. 13


INTERPRETATION
The above map shows the variation of Sex ratio in the Continental Odisha region. The highest
sex ratio is recorded in the district of Rayagada (1048 females per 1000 male) with Location
Quotient of 1.06 which is shown by the Red colour in the map and the lowest is recorded in the
district of Nayagarh (916 females per 1000 male) with LQ of 0.926 represented by Yellow
colour. Most of the districts have high level of sex ratio which is a matter of pride for the state.

Physical Factors: The most striking geographical feature of the region is the transitional
diversity in the state from corner to corner. Most districts experience in-migration of males for
better employment opportunities. Males are considered to be an asset for the family and for
society, as they are considered to be more productive and also since family lineage is carried
forward by the males. However, the results of the region are surprisingly contrasting.
Agriculture in these areas are characterized by small landholdings or peasants working in the
lands of the big landowners. Females, owing to their low literacy rates, have no option but to
be a cultivator. They usually work in the lands belonging to the male head of the family or as
a daily wage labourer in the lands of big landowners.

Social Factors: The high sex ratio in the rural areas reflects the social status of women in these
areas. Women, who are economically dependent on the men are confined to their homes and
are made to do household chores and take care of the elders, while the males of the households
migrate outside for better employment opportunities. Prejudice against female mobility leading
to very low literacy among them and poor female-employment opportunities in towns are also
inhibitory factors of female migration to urban centres.
The low sex ratio in some central districts are due to the existence of traditional patriarchal
system where the imbalance in sex ratio is, mainly, due to desire for male child. Family in such
society is considered complete only on the achievement of a son. No wonder, female child is
considered as an economic liability whereas male is credited with an economic asset by society.

Economic Factors: Out migration of males to work in urban centres is the main reason behind
the high female sex ratio. Females are made to work on in contrast to the Western or developed
countries, Indian urban centres are predominantly characterised by an excess of males over
females. Males migrate to towns in search of jobs, leaving their families at home due to the
higher cost of living in towns.
The urban centres consist of skilled workers working in manufacturing sectors or trade and
business. Males, having the advantage of a better education, are more likely to be skilled for
employment in these sectors. In contrast to the other parts of the region, this region is
predominantly characterised by an excess of males over females. Males migrate to urban
centres to seek employment leaving their families at home due to the higher cost of living in
towns.

16. 14


MAP 5: HOUSEHOLD SIZE

17. 15


INTERPRETATION
The above map shows the variation of Household size of Continental Odisha region. The
highest household size is recorded in the district of Kalahandi with Location Quotient of 1.08
which is shown by the Red colour in the map, Sundargarh, only district with the medium
category value of LQ 0.975 and the lowest is recorded in the district of Cuttack with LQ of
0.939 represented by Yellow colour.

Physical Factors: The region is drained by mighty rivers such as Brahmani, Baitarani,
Mahanadi and Indravati among others makes the soil loose near the bank. Apart from this there
are mineral mines and industries in the northern part and forest in the southern contributing to
the high variation of population density.

Social Factors: The joint family system prevalent in the region promote large households.
Moreover, the districts share a common culture with a pinch of heterogenous tribal population
like Munda, Santhal, Savara, Juang, Oraon etc with the Odia, Bengali and Telugu. The main
religion is Hinduism. Other religions are practiced by small minorities. Places are historical
and cultural associations with Buddhism, Jainism and Lingayats. Similarly, nuclear family is
promoted in urban spaces.

Economic Factors: If we focus on its economic factors the more developed areas have small
size of household due to the concept of nuclear faily which has been trending since the 1980s
in the nation. Therefore, migration plays an important role in the economic aspects leading to
variation of household size in the region.

18. 16

MAP 6: LITERACY

19. 17


INTERPRETATION
The above map shows the variation of Literacy rate of the continental Odisha region. The
highest literacy rate is recorded in the district of Jharsuguda (86.27%) with Location Quotient
of 1.264 which is shown by the Red colour in the map, while the lowest is recorded in the
district of Nabarangapur (48.2%) with LQ of 0.7 represented by Yellow colour.

Physical Factors: The region’s southern part is less developed comparatively with less
infrastructure and general awareness. Drained by the Indravati and Rushikulya river is
dominated by forested area and tribal population lacking communication and better
infrastructure, which ultimately leads to degraded education facilities.

Social Factors: Districts with higher urban centres are inhabited mostly by the working class
and higher class who are more aware of education and lifestyle. Unlike the rural setting,
where joint families are mostly found, these cities have nuclear families where working
individuals have lesser number of people immediately dependent on them. This leads to
children going to school, instead of working on paddy fields.

Economic Factors: The central part painted in red are urbanised and mining towns as well as
urban spaces with better lines of communications, infrastructure and technology aids in the
means to acquire better facilities resulting in better education system. Rural and urban
networks became the arteries of commercial and economic activities and growth. This has
made a significant impact on boosting the literacy rates of these districts. Creation of
employment opportunities have encouraged parents in sending their children to schools and
attain higher levels of education.

20. 18

MAP 7: COMPOSITE INDEX

A composite index is a grouping of many variable entities or factors combined together in a
standardised way to provide a meaningful result. Generally, a composite index has a large
number of factors that are averaged together to form an overall figure that’s easily
comprehensible. In this case my factors are as follows:
1. Total District Population
2. Population Growth
3. Population Density
4. Sex Ratio
5. Household Size
6. Literacy

The composite index is calculated by summing all the LQ’s of above-mentioned
factors/indicators and dividing it by number of LQ. It is found that northern portion of the
regions have moderate demography pattern if we take it as overall and in central and southern
parts have low demographic aspects which directs to need for development as a whole.

21. 19

APPENDIX

Table 2. DISTRICT TOTAL POPULATION
DISTRICT POPULATION AVERAGE LOCATION
QUOTIENT
Anugul 1273821 1221330 1.043
Bargarh 1481255 1221330 1.21
Balangir 1648997 1221330 1.35
Baudh 441162 1221330 0.36
Cuttack 2624470 1221330 2.15
Debagarh 312520 1221330 0.25
Dhenkanal 1192811 1221330 0.97
Gajapati 577817 1221330 0.47
Jajpur 1827192 1221330 1.49
Jharsuguda 579505 1221330 0.47
Kalahandi 1576869 1221330 1.29
Kandhamal 733110 1221330 0.6
Keonjhar 1801733 1221330 1.47
Koraput 1379647 1221330 1.12
Malkangiri 613192 1221330 0.50
Mayurbhanj 2519738 1221330 2.06
Nabarangpur 1220946 1221330 0.99
Nayagarh 962789 1221330 0.78
Nuapada 610382 1221330 0.49
Rayagada 967911 1221330 0.79
Sambalpur 1041099 1221330 0.85
Subarnapur 610183 1221330 0.49
Sundargarh 2093437 1221330 1.71



Table 3. POPULATION GROWTH
DISTRICT POPULATION
2011
POPULATION
2001
GROWTH LOCATION
QUOTIENT
Anugul 1273821 1140003 11.73839 0.8128899
Bargarh 1481255 1346336 10.021198 0.6939735
Balangir 1648997 1337194 23.317709 1.6147641
Baudh 441162 373372 18.156155 1.2573237
Cuttack 2624470 2341094 12.104426 0.8382381
Debagarh 312520 274108 14.013455 0.9704394
Dhenkanal 1192811 1066878 11.80388 0.8174251
Gajapati 577817 518837 11.367732 0.7872217
Jajpur 1827192 1624341 12.488203 0.8648149
Jharsuguda 579505 509716 13.691742 0.9481606
Kalahandi 1576869 1335494 18.073836 1.251623
Kandhamal 733110 648201 13.099178 0.9071252
Keonjhar 1801733 1561990 15.348562 1.0628963
Koraput 1379647 1180637 16.856155 1.1672979

22. 20

Malkangiri 613192 504198 21.617301 1.4970099
Mayurbhanj 2519738 2223456 13.325292 0.9227837
Nabarangpur 1220946 1025766 19.027731 1.3176808
Nayagarh 962789 864516 11.367401 0.7871987
Nuapada 610382 530690 15.016676 1.039913
Rayagada 967911 831109 16.460176 1.1398761
Sambalpur 1041099 935613 11.274533 0.7807676
Subarnapur 610183 541835 12.614172 0.8735383
Sundargarh 2093437 1830673 14.35341 0.9939815
REGION 28090586 24546057 14.440319 1


Table 4. POPULATION DENSITY
DISTRICT POPULATION DENSITY LOCATION QUOTIENT
Anugul 199 0.854077
Bargarh 253 1.085837
Balangir 251 1.077253
Baudh 142 0.609442
Cuttack 666 2.858369
Debagarh 106 0.454936
Dhenkanal 268 1.150215
Gajapati 133 0.570815
Jajpur 630 2.703863
Jharsuguda 274 1.175966
Kalahandi 199 0.854077
Kandhamal 91 0.390558
Keonjhar 217 0.93133
Koraput 156 0.669528
Malkangiri 106 0.454936
Mayurbhanj 241 1.034335
Nabarangpur 230 0.987124
Nayagarh 247 1.060086
Nuapada 157 0.67382
Rayagada 136 0.583691
Sambalpur 158 0.678112
Subarnapur 279 1.197425
Sundargarh 214 0.918455
REGION 233 1

23. 21

Table 5. SEX RATIO
DISTRICT SEX RATIO LOCATION QUOTIENT
Anugul 942 0.953441
Bargarh 976 0.987854
Balangir 983 0.994939
Baudh 991 1.003036
Cuttack 955 0.966599
Debagarh 976 0.987854
Dhenkanal 947 0.958502
Gajapati 1042 1.054656
Jajpur 972 0.983806
Jharsuguda 951 0.962551
Kalahandi 1003 1.015182
Kandhamal 1037 1.049595
Keonjhar 987 0.998988
Koraput 1031 1.043522
Malkangiri 1016 1.02834
Mayurbhanj 1005 1.017206
Nabarangpur 1018 1.030364
Nayagarh 916 0.927126
Nuapada 1020 1.032389
Rayagada 1048 1.060729
Sambalpur 973 0.984818
Subarnapur 959 0.970648
Sundargarh 971 0.982794
REGION 988 1


Table 6. HOUSEHOLD SIZE
DISTRICT HOUSEHOLDS 2011 HOUSEHOLD SIZE LOCATION
QUOTIENT
Anugul 297050 23.3196 0.993195
Bargarh 370308 24.99961 1.064747
Balangir 414749 25.15159 1.07122
Baudh 106961 24.24529 1.03262
Cuttack 579170 22.06807 0.939891
Debagarh 75452 24.14309 1.028268
Dhenkanal 279364 23.42064 0.997498
Gajapati 128523 22.24286 0.947335
Jajpur 407851 22.32119 0.950672
Jharsuguda 136061 23.47883 0.999976
Kalahandi 401251 25.44606 1.083762
Kandhamal 172022 23.46469 0.999374
Keonjhar 405272 22.49345 0.958009
Koraput 337677 24.47561 1.04243
Malkangiri 137599 22.43979 0.955723
Mayurbhanj 586253 23.26643 0.99093

24. 22

Nabarangpur 273423 22.39436 0.953788
Nayagarh 228315 23.71392 1.009989
Nuapada 152210 24.93684 1.062074
Rayagada 226144 23.36413 0.995091
Sambalpur 249597 23.97438 1.021082
Subarnapur 151136 24.76896 1.054924
Sundargarh 479109 22.88624 0.974738
REGION 6595497 23.47939 1


Table 7. LITERACY
DISTRICT LITERACY (%) LOCATION QUOTIENT
Anugul 78.96 1.157093
Bargarh 75.16 1.101407
Balangir 65.5 0.959848
Baudh 72.51 1.062573
Cuttack 84.2 1.23388
Debagarh 73.07 1.07078
Dhenkanal 79.41 1.163687
Gajapati 54.29 0.795574
Jajpur 80.44 1.178781
Jharsuguda 86.27 1.264215
Kalahandi 60.22 0.882474
Kandhamal 65.12 0.954279
Keonjhar 69 1.011137
Koraput 49.87 0.730803
Malkangiri 49.49 0.725234
Mayurbhanj 63.98 0.937573
Nabarangpur 48.2 0.706331
Nayagarh 79.17 1.16017
Nuapada 58.2 0.852872
Rayagada 50.88 0.745604
Sambalpur 76.91 1.127052
Subarnapur 74.42 1.090563
Sundargarh 74.13 1.086313
REGION 68.24 1

25. 23

Table 8. COMPOSITE INDEX







DISTRICT DISTRICT
POP.
POP.
GROWTH
POP.
DENSIT
Y
HOUSEHOLD
SIZE
SEX
RATIO
LITERACY LQ
Anugul 1.04 0.81 0.85 0.99 0.95 1.15 0.96
Bargarh 1.21 0.69 1.08 1.06 0.98 1.10 1.02
Balangir 1.35 1.61 1.07 1.07 0.99 0.95 1.17
Baudh 0.36 1.25 0.60 1.03 1.00 1.06 0.8
Cuttack 2.14 0.83 2.85 0.93 0.96 1.23 1.49
Debagarh 0.25 0.97 0.45 1.03 0.98 1.07 0.79
Dhenkanal 0.97 0.81 1.15 0.99 0.95 1.16 1.01
Gajapati 0.47 0.78 0.57 0.94 1.05 0.79 0.77
Jajpur 1.49 0.86 2.70 0.95 0.98 1.17 1.36
Jharsuguda 0.47 0.94 1.17 0.99 0.96 1.26 0.97
Kalahandi 1.29 1.25 0.85 1.08 1.01 0.88 1.06
Kandhamal 0.60 0.90 0.39 0.99 1.045 0.95 0.81
Keonjhar 1.47 1.06 0.93 0.95 0.99 1.01 1.07
Koraput 1.13 1.16 0.67 1.04 1.04 0.73 0.96
Malkangiri 0.50 1.49 0.45 0.95 1.02 0.72 0.86
Mayurbhanj 2.06 0.92 1.03 0.99 1.01 0.93 1.16
Nabarangpu
r
0.99 1.31 0.98 0.95 1.03 0.70 0.99
Nayagarh 0.78 0.78 1.06 1.01 0.92 1.16 0.95
Nuapada 0.49 1.03 0.67 1.06 1.03 0.85 0.86
Rayagada 0.79 1.13 0.58 0.99 1.06 0.74 0.88
Sambalpur 0.85 0.78 0.67 1.02 0.98 1.12 0.90
Subarnapur 0.49 0.87 1.19 1.05 0.97 1.09 0.94
Sundargarh 1.71 0.99 0.91 0.97 0.98 1.08 1.11