DENGUE SYNDROME FEVER COMPLETE INFORMATION-.pptx

THIS PPT NOT GOOD BUT I AM DEAL THE MANAGEMENT AND DEFINITIONS FOR THE GOOD OTHER BOOK

1. DENGUE SYNDROME- INTRODUCTION- DENGUE FEVER AND ITS SEVERE FROMS DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER AND DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME HAVE BECOME MAJOR INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH CONCER.

2. DEFINITION - DENGUE FEVER IS ALSO KNOWN AS BREAKBONE FEVER IS A MOSQUITO BORN TROPICAL DISEASE CAUSED THE MOSQUITO BITE. IT IS CAUSED BY THE FEMALE AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITO BITE WHICH TRANSMIT THE DENGUE VIRUS TO HUMA N.

3. INCIDENCE- EACH YEAR AN ESTIMATED 100 MILLION CASES OF DENGUE OCCUR WORLD WIDE . THE GLOBEL INCIDENCE OF DENGUE HAS GROWN DRAMATICALLY IN RECENT DECADES. IN INDIA THE CASES HAS INCREASE SHARPLY OVER PAST FIVE YEARS THERE HAVE BEEN 38,000 .SO FAR IN 2013

4. Incubation period- The incubation period for dengue fever, the time from a mosquito bite to the onset of symptoms, typically ranges from 4 to 10 days. However, it can vary, and symptoms may appear as early as 3 days or as late as 14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Common symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, and rash.

5. CAUSES-

6. High risk patients - INFANTS AND ELDERLY OBESITY PREGNANT WOMEN PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE WOMEN WHO HAVE MENSTRUATION OR ABNORMAL VAGINAL BLEEDING CHRONIC DISEASE SUCH DM. ,HYPERTENSION , ASTHMA, LIVER CIRRHOSIS CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

7. MODE OF TRANSMISSION-

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS- FEVER- HEADACHE – MUSCLE JOINT PAIN – SKIN RASH ( APPEAR 4-5 DAYS AFTER FEVER ) PAIN BEHINDE EYES- VOMITING – MILD BLEEDING -

9. WARNING SIGNS- SEVERE ABDOMINAL PAIN PRESISTENT VOMITING VOMIT WITH BLOOD DROWSINESS OR IRRITABILITY DYSPNOEA SWOLLEN LYMPH NODE PROSTRATION DIARRHEA

10. Diagnostic evaluation -  Nucleic acid detection RNA is heat-labile and therefore specimens for nucleic acid detection must be handled and stored according to the procedures described for virus isolation .

11.  RT-PCR Since the 1990s, several reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays have been developed. They offer better sensitivity compared to virus isolation with a much more rapid turnaround time. In situ RT-PCR offers the ability to detect dengue RNA in paraffin-embedded tissues.

12. Serological tests 4.3.4.1 . MAC-ELISA For the IgM antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) total IgM in patients' sera is captured by anti-μ chain specific antibodies (specific to human IgM ) coated onto a microplate . Dengue-specific antigens, from one to four serotypes (DEN-1, -2, -3, and -4), are bound to the captured anti-dengue IgM antibodies and are detected by monoclonal or polyclonal dengue antibodies directly or indirectly conjugated with an enzyme that will transform a non- coloured substrate into coloured products. The optical density is measured by spectrophotometer.

13.   IgG ELISA This method can be used to detect IgG antibodies in serum or plasma and filter-paper stored blood samples and permits identification of a case as a primary or secondary dengue infection ( 20 , 21 , 22 ). In general, IgG ELISA lacks specificity within the flavivirus serocomplex groups

14. . Haematological tests Platelets and haematocrit values are commonly measured during the acute stages of dengue infection. These should be performed carefully using standardized protocols, reagents and equipment. A drop of the platelet count below 100 000 per μL may be observed in dengue fever but it is a constant feature of dengue haemorrhagic fever.

15. MANAGEMENT – Management of dengue fever is symptomatic and supportive . Bed rest is advisable during the acute phase P aracetamol is preferab le in the dose as follow 1-2 year 60 -120-mg /dose 3 - 6 YEAR 120- 180MG / 7- 12 year 240 mg/ Adult 500mg / Children the dose is calculated as per 10mg/kg body weight

16. Management of DHF ( febrile phase ) coomon paracetamol and ORS Fluid water anti - ematics

17. Management of DHF grade 1 and grade 11 Any person who has denguenfever with thrombocytopenia and hemoconcentration and present with abdominal pain ,black tarry stool , epistaxis , bleeding from the gum and infection etc. Person need hospitalized In this critical situation peron go on the shock to prevent and monitor and assess the vitals

18. Management of DHF grade 111 and 4 The signs of complication are observed during the afebrile phase of DHF. Immediately after hospitalization the haematocrit , platelet count and vital signs should be assessthe patient condition And intravenous fluid therapy start