Development of Buddhist Stupa Architecture.pptx

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1. Development of Buddhist Stupa Architecture Dr. Virag Sontakke

2. Origin and development of Stupa The Stupa evolved from the simple prehistoric burial heap of tumulus under which the dead’s ashes buried. The Stupa is a circular, or hemispherical structure contains a relic of a dead ( Sarira ). The Stupa consists of a solid hemisphere or dome called the Anda which stands on a Medhi (circular/square base). It has a flattened top rests a kind of kiosk called Harmika a dwarf railing or Vedika fixed around the dome. At the centre of Harmika Yasti holds an umbrella. The Vedika (railing) is composed of three parts, i.e. Stambha (vertical pillar), Suchi (Horizontal Stambh ) in between two pillars and the third part called as Ushnisha (copping pillar).

3. Origin of the Word: Stupa Stupa is called as T hup Jatakas , the thupa or thupika has been referred to as the high mound or memorial. S tupa was a pious in which the ashes of the deceased were kept. Mahaparinirvana : For a Chakravartin king a stupa should be constructed over the crossroad where the four roads joining the four highways meet.

4. Earliest Stupa 1). Ajatshatru - Rajgriha 2). Sakya - Kapilvastu 3). Buli - Alpkaps 4). Koli - Ramgram 5). Malla - Pava 6). Lichhavi - Vaishali 7). Brahmana - Vethdweep 8). Malla – Kushinagar

5. Type of Stupa Saririka stupa to enshrine body relics, mainly in the form of small pieces of bone of Buddha or Buddhist teachers Paribhogika stupa to preserve personal belongings likes crystal, gold and other materials. Uddesika ( Commemorative stupa ) erected to commemorate some event at places sacred to the Buddhist. Manauti ( Votive) stupa considered as an offering.

6. Element of Stupa The base or drum. The dome ( anda ): resting upon the anda (relic casket kept herein) Uppar part: Harmika (Pavilion), In Harmika a shaft ( Yupa bearing umbrella Yashti inserted) Vedika: railing (Pradakshina)

7. Development of Stupa Earlier stupa were made of mud Ashoka change the medium from mud to bricks Shunga used the stones Satavahana used the Toran and beautiful artistic carvings

8. Piparwaha stupa Date: 450 BCE Known as : Shakyan Stupa Earliest stupa of India Located in ancient Kapilvastu Made of mud subsequently use of bricks

9. Sanchi Stupa no 1 Built by Ashoka Made of bricks Earliest stupa of central India Renovated during Shunga and Satavahana period One of the best preserved monument

10. Amrawati Date: 200 BCE Aandhra Pradesh South Indian architectural and art style Evolved architecture Highly decorated Even anda was also decorated Ayag platform Made of limestone

11. Dammekh Stupa Located in Sarnath Date: 400 CE Made of bricks and stones

12. Kesariya Stupa Date: 500-700 CE Developed form New design Biggest in India Six terraces Circular shape Made of bricks Various size of bricks used

13. Nomenclature Stupa : hemispherical mount Relics : human bones Anda : Dome (heap) Medhi : Platform/ Base Vedika : Railings Harmika : Top square railing Chatrayashi : vertical rod contain triple chattris Pradakshina path : circular path

14. Thank You