Different Classification of Rocks in the Planet

Discusses how rocks are classified into Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVE/S:
•Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

3. •A rock is a naturally occurring
coherent aggregate of minerals or
solid materials such as natural glass
or organic matter.
•Rocks are identified based on their
texture and composition.
ROCKS

4. Rocks can be classified into three main types
based on how they are formed:
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks

5. • These rocks are created when magma or lava,
which is hot molten rock, cools and hardens.
•Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and
solidification of magma or lava.
•They can be further categorized into intrusive
(formed beneath the Earth's surface) and
extrusive (formed on its surface).
IGNEOUS ROCKS

6. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
Basalt
Rhyolite
Obsidian
•They are formed on the Earth's surface.

7. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
•They are formed beneath the Earth's surface.
Granite
Dunite
Diorite

8. IGNEOUS ROCKS
•Color can be used as indicator of the composition of a rock
or mineral.
•Color index can be used to identify the composition of most
igneous rocks.
•Felsic – rich in silica/silicates; light in colors (white, light
gray, tan, pink)
•Mafic/Ultramafic – poor in silica but rich in iron and
magnesium; dark colors (black or brown)
•Intermediate – have an intermediate color ---- gray or
consisting of equal parts of dark and light mineral.
Granite
Basalt
Diorite
li

9. •It is comprised of sediments.
•Sedimentary rocks are formed from the
accumulation and compaction of
sediments over time.
•They often contain fossils and provide
clues about past environments.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

10. •Sedimentary rock develops from the gathering and
compressing of sediment layers consisting of small
particles such as sand, mud, and even remnants of
flora and fauna. With time, these layers solidify,
transforming into sedimentary rocks.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

11. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Clastic
Crystalline
Bioclastic

12. Three types of Sedimentary Rocks
•Clastic - They form from the lithification of
rock and mineral fragments such as
quartz, feldspar, and clay.
•Crystalline - Formed when dissolved
minerals precipitate from a solution.
Example: Halite - formed when a body of
seawater becomes closed off and evaporates.
•Bioclastic - Formed from the accumulation
of organic material or biologic activity.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Rock salt
Shale
Coal

13. •Form from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic,
igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks
that have been altered by agents of metamorphism.
• Metamorphism - transformation of one rock type
into another.
•Metamorphic rocks are formed from the alteration
of pre-existing rocks due to heat, pressure, and
chemical processes.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS

14. •Foliation - any planar arrangement of mineral grains
or structural features within the rock.
•a. Foliated rocks – can be arranged in terms of
increasing metamorphism, and it appeared layered
or banded with compressed mineral grains.
Example: Slate
•b. Non-foliated rocks – usually made up of only few
minerals.
METEMORPHIC ROCKS
Quartzite
Slate

15. METEMORPHIC ROCKS

16. ROCK CYCLE

17. CONCEPT NOTES: ACTIVITY NUMBER: 3.1

18. ACTIVITY NUMBER: 3.2

20. ACTIVITY NUMBER: 4

22. of sediments
It appears layered
or banded with
compressed mineral
grains.
usually made up of
only few minerals
and does not appear
layered or banded