Different tools used in workshop

the pronunciation of the technical name of of different tools available in workshop is important for engineer.

1. WORKSHOP MANUFACTURING PRACTICES
SEMESTER –II
DIFFERENT TOOLS USED IN WORKSHOP
BY
MANOJ KUMAR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SCE SAHARSA
DATE 02-04-2020

2. Smithingand forging tools
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3. 1. Anvil
Pritchelhole is used for
bending rod of smaller
diameter and a die for
hot punching.
Hardiehole is used for
holding square shanks
of various fittings.
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4. 2. Swage block: used mainly for squaring, sizing, heading, bending and
forming operations.
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5. 3. Hammer
1.Hand hammer (used by the smith himself): weight varies between 0.5 to 2
kg. eg. Ball peen hammer, straight peen hammer and cross peen hammer
2.Sledge hammer (used by the striker): weight varies between 4 to 10 kg.
Ball peen
hammer
cross peen
hammer
straight peen
hammer
Sledge hammer
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6. 4. Tongs
Used for holding the hot forged work.
Gad tong
Rivet or ring tong
Flat tong
Straight lip fluted tong
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7. 5. Swages: are used for work which has to be reduced and finished to round, square
or hexagonal form.
6. Fullers: are used for necking down a piece of work.
Top fuller
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8. 7. Hot chisel
Used for cutting metals and for nicking prior to breaking.
8. Punch and drift
A punch is used for making holes in metal parts when it is at forging heat, and
holes are opened out by driving through a larger tapered punch called drift.
Drift Punch
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9. 9
FITTING TOOLS

10. What is fitting?
Fittingmeanspreparingmatchingpartstotouchorjoineachotherinsucha
waythatonewillturninsideofanotherandonewillslideuponanotheror
thepartholdtightlytogether.
Processes in the fitting shop
Marking and measuring
Sawing
Filing
Drilling
Reaming
Dieing
Tapping
Fitting shop tools
Classification:
Marking, measuring and testing tools
Cutting tools
Holding tools
Striking tools 10

11. Marking, measuring and testing tools
This type involves steel rule, meter rod, trisquare, scribber, divider, calliper, surface
gauge, drill gauge. Combination set, V-block, surface plate.
Ascriberisahandtoolusedinmetalworktomarklinesonworkpieces,prior
tomachining.
scriber
A scriber compass/divider
Firm joint callipersSpring callipers
+
Thesecallipersare
usedforindirect
measurements.
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12. Cutting tools
Thistypeinvolvesfiles,drills,taps,dies,reamers,hacksaw,chizzles
Sawing
Asawisatoolforcuttingwoodorothermaterial.itconsistofabladewiththecutting
edgetoothed.Theteethofthesawareeachbenttospecificangleandthisangleiscalled
"set".
TYPES OF SAW
Handsaws:Handsawisusedmanuallyforcuttingoperations.
Mechanicallypoweredsaw:Mechanicallypoweredsawsmechanicallymovetheteeth
pastthematerialwhilethesawitselfisheldstationary.
Sawingisdonetoproducethincuts.HackSawisachieftoolused,whichisavailable
indifferenttypesandsizesdependingonthelengthofthebladeanditscuts.
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13. Normaldimensionsofablade=250x12????????????
2
Hacksawteetharespecifiedbyitspitch(pitch=distanceb/wtwosuccessive
troughsorcrusts.)
Pitchoftheteethshouldgivemaximumclearanceforthechipsandavoidclogging.
(Normalpitch=1.5mm)
Sawing too sharply over a corner will result in teeth being torn off.
Water is used as coolant during sawing to take out heat generating during cutting. It
enhances blade life.
Mechanically powered saw
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14. Filing
Cuttingofametalsurfacebyusingaspeciallydesignedtool,calledafile.Afile(orhand-
file)isahandtoolusedtoshapematerialbyabrasion.
Classificationoffiles
Shape(Flat,round,squareetc)
Grade(Rough,Bastard,Smoothetc)
Cut(Singlecut,Doublecut,Raspcutetc)
Length(Rangingfrom4-18’’)
Fileshaveforward-facingcuttingteeth,which
meansthatthefilecutseffectivelyonlywhen
pushedovertheworkpiece.Pullingafileovera
workpieceorscrapingafilebackandforthis
ineffectiveandwillreducethelifeofthefile.
Thegroovesinafilemaybecomecloggedduring
use,causingthefiletoloseitscuttingability.
Filesshouldalwaysbeusedwithahandle,
otherwisethenakedtangcaninjuretheoperator.
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15. Drilling
Sensitive drilling machine
or
Bench mounted pillar drilling machine
A tool or machine with a pointer for making holes of different diameter.
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16. Instruments Use for Drilling
1.Drill Chuck
1.Drill Chuck Key
1.Drill Drift
1.Sleeve OR Socket
1.Shank Twist Drill
Drill Chucks & MT Arbour
Twist Drill Sets
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17. STEPS OF DRILLING
Step1.Useascribetoscratchalineonpiecewherewewantedhole.
Step2.Useacenterpunchandahammertomarkthespotbecausethepunchmarkwill
holdthetipofthedrillinplaceuntilitbeginstocutthemetal.
Step3.Drillingdeeporlargeholes,itisbesttodrillasmallreferenceholefirst.
Step4.Wewillfindaburronthebacksurfaceofdrillhole.Thiscanberemovedby
lightlydrillingthebacksideofthehole.
1 2
3 4
Theprickpunch,whichisused
forindentationmarks.Itisused
tomakesmallpunchmarkson
layoutlinesinordertomake
themlastlonger.
Thecentrepunch,whichis
usedforlocatingcentrefor
indentationmarkfordrilling
purposes.17

18. REAMING
Reamingisaprocesswhichslightlyenlargesapre-existinghole.Severalcuttingedges
arearrangedaroundacentralshaft.Itspurposeistofinishtheinternaldiameterofthe
hole.
Parts of reamer
Reaming
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19. Types of Reamers
1.Straight Reamer
2.Right Spiral Reamer
3.Left spiral Reamer
4.Machine Reamer
5.Chucking Reamer
6.Hand Reamer
7.Expanding Reamer
8.Taper Reamer
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
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20. Dieing
Die=Toolusedtocutexternalthreadsonbarsandtubes.
Consistofanuthavingportionsofitsthreadcircumferencewhichareshapedto
providecuttingedges.
Dieisscrewedontothebaruponwhichthethreadsaretobecut.
Die
Die Stocks
Theactionofdieingathreadisverysimilartothatof
tappingexceptthatitismoredifficulttostartthedie
square.
Greatcareinnecessaryinstartingthediesothatthe
threadsarenotcrosseachother.
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21. Precautionary Measures for dieing
Thedieshouldberotatedinboththedirectionatthesametimesothatthethreads
areclearedfromchips.Thedieispressedontotheendofthebartohelpthe
commencementofcutting.
Theactionisassistedbychamferingofftheendofthebarforadistanceequalto
abouttwothreads.
Thethreadsshouldbesuppliedwithsomeformofcuttingoil.
Tapping
Tappingisessentiallytheinternalthreadingofahole.Thismayeitherbeachievedby
Handtappingbyusingasetoftaps.
Classification of taps
Taper
Plug
Bottom
Toholdatapadjustabletaphandleisused
Thisisusedforinternalthreadinginthe
samemannerasthedieisused.
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22. Precautions measures for tapping
Tapshaveselffeed(Tapsonceengagedgetpulledintothejob)duetohelicalangle.
HighCarbontapsshouldnotbeusedastheycannotsustainhighspeed.
Inordertoretracttapfromthehole,oppositetorqueshouldbeapplied.
ProperLubricantshouldbeusedduringtapping.
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