DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FOR YOGA AND NURSING STUDENT

nicely described for nursing and yoga students

1. Pankaj Sinha Digestive System

2. Teeth 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 I C P M ADULT 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 2 CHILD I C P M 4 8 12 Total-32(A) 4 0 8 Total-20(C) I-Nose Teeth C-Eye Teeth P-Cheek Teeth M-Wisdom Teeth Enamel- hardest in our body, even harder than our bones. After diamonds, tooth enamel is the second hardest compound in the world Incisor Canine Premolar molar

3. Pankaj Sinha Digestive System Parts Elimentary canal Digestive Glands 1)MOUTH 2)OESOPHAGUS 3)STOMACH 4)SMALL INTESTINE 5)LARGE INTESTINE 6)ANUS 1)SALIVERY GLAND 2)GASTRIC GLAND 3)LIVER+GALL BLADDER 4)PANCREASE 5)INTESTINAL GLAND 6)OTHER GLANDS 1)Complex-simple 2)H2O Vit/Mineral Directly absorb 3)Physio-Chemical 4)Energy Production

4. Pankaj Sinha 1)Mouth- Buccal Cavity--3 Pair Glands(1.5lt) Lysozyme- Ptyline Diastage Mucus--- Bolus 2) Teeth- STARCH 3)Stomach-The stomach is divided into the  cardiac,fundic , body, and pyloric A)Cardiac- Hcl Production/Kill Bacteria /mucus secretion ,Food Break into small, cardiac sphincter, B)Fundic-Hold the food, c)Body- mix food d)Pylorus- pyloric sphincter, when to open, releases gastric juices( RENIN-Milk/PEPSIN-protein-Peptone ) CHYME

5. Pankaj Sinha Gastric gland that  secrete  gastric juice and protective  mucus three types of gastric glands cardiac gastric glands-beginning of the stomach the intermediate, or true, gastric glands in the central stomach areas pyloric glands in the terminal stomach portion cardiac and pyloric glands secrete mucus Intermediate- three major cell types:  zymogenic , parietal, and mucous neck cells. zymogenic (chief) cells-enzymes  pepsin  & rennin. Parietal or oxyntic, cells occur throughout the length of the gland and are responsible for the production of  Hcl   Mucous neck cells is to secrete mucus. MRP- Mucous,Renin,Pepsin small intestine is roughly 9–16 feet (ft) The duodenum is about 7.9–9.8 inches . The jejunum is about about 8.2 ft long. The ileum is close to 9.8 ft long. An adult's digestive tract is about  30 feet  (about 9 meters) long. The esophagus is a  25-cm  long

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7. Pankaj Sinha Surface mucous cell-40%-Mucous Perietal -OXYNTIC CELL-Hcl-13% Chief cell-ZYMOGEN,PEPTIC CELL-44%

8. Pankaj Sinha Liver-Bile(Gall Bladder) BOLUS CHYME PH-8 Food Basic Fat emulsification Not an Enzyme Activated by cholecystokinin(CCK)  1)CCK-stimulates gallbladder to contract and release bile into small intestine. 2) stimulates   Pancrease  to release pancreatic enzymes. 3) cholecystokinin stop stomach to deliver any more food until the first batch is done. 4) suppresses our appetite by vagal nerve. 5) it triggers Peristalsis.

9. Pankaj Sinha Pancrease —Activated by Secretin L A T LIPASE AMYLASE TRYPSIN FAT-LIPID STARCH-MALT Digestion (PROTEIN)PEPTONE-PEPTIDE The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is located between the stomach and the middle part of the small intestine, or jejunum. SMALL Intestine-3 part(DJI) DEUODENUM -SECRETIN-CCK-HARMONE NO enzyme,acid neutralization Jejunum-bulk chemical digestion and absorption Ileum-Vit and Mineral absorption Ereptin -Peptide-Amino Acid

10. Pankaj Sinha Protein Digestion PEPTONE PEPSIN TRYPSIN EREPSIN PEPTIDE AMINO ACID PEPTIDE PEPTONE PROTEIN FOOD-BOLUS-CHYME-CHILE INGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION DEFECATION

11. Pankaj Sinha S-SUCRASE-SUCROSE-G+FRUCTOSE M-MALTASE-MALTOSE-G E-EREPSIN-PEPTONES L-LACTASE-LACTOSE-G+GLACTOSE LIPASE-LIPID KRUPTS OF LEIBERKUHN Crypts of Lieberkühn secrete intestinal juice or succus entericus . Succus entericus is a yellow fluid with a pH of 7.6, which contains water, mucus, and enzymes. Succus entericus helps in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acid.(  Amylase, Protease and Lipase)

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14. Pankaj Sinha LARGE INTESTINE WATER ABSORPTION Appendix-no use chile pigments The large intestine has 3 primary functions: absorbing water and electrolytes , producing and absorbing vitamins , and forming and propelling feces toward the rectum for elimination .

15. Pankaj Sinha HORMONE IN DIGESTION

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18. Pankaj Sinha Pankaj Sinha