DIPHTHERIA by Manish Kumar diphtheria ppt

Diphtheria (dif-THEER-e-uh) is a serious bacterial infection that usually affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Diphtheria is extremely rare in the United States and other developed countries thanks to widespread vaccination against the disease.The characteristic of inflammation caused by the toxin is the formation of grey pseudomembranes in the upper respiratory tract (tonsils, larynx or pharynx), which can cause difficulty breathing and swelling of the lymph nodes around the neck.

1. PRESENTATION BY MANISH KUMAR BSC NURSING 4 TH YEAR CH. SUGHAR SINGH NURSING AND PARAMEDICAL COLLEGE DIPHTHERIA

2. Diphtheria is a potentially deadly contagious disease that usually involves the nose throat and air passages but may also infect the skin its most predominant feature is the development of greyish membrane over the tonsils and upper of the throat INTRODUCTION @manishchaudhary4054

3. Diphtheria is a serious bacterial disease coused by bacterium colled corynebacterium diphtheria that affect the mucus membrane of the throat and nose @manishchaudhary4054

4. Diphtheria is an infection caused by caryne bacterium diphtheria bacteria it is a gram – positive non-motile organism Source of infection may be case or carrier Period of infectivity varies from 14 to 28 day . Nasopharyngeal secretion discharges from the skin lesions contaminate fomites and dust are infectious there are nasal and throat carriers nasal carriers are very dangerous because of frequent shedding of organism into environment. Causative agent @manishchaudhary4054 @manishchaudhary4054

5. Under five children are more affected . Both sexes are affected. Infant born of immune mothers are relatively immune during the first few weeks of life. Host factors

6. Diphtheria occurs in all seasons although more cases are reported during winter season. Environmental factors @manishchaudhary4054

7. Diphtheria is transmitted from person to person usually through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing Rarely, spreads from skin lesions or cloths that are contaminated with discharges from lesions of an infected person Fomites - A person also can get infected with diphtheria by coming in contact with an object like a toy ,that has been contaminatet with the bacteria that cause diphtheria Mode of transmission

8. Respiratory route . Non-respiratory route skin cuts open wound ulcers and umbilicus of new –born. Portal of entry @manishchaudhary4054

9. 2-6 days sometimes may be longer. Incubation period @manishchaudhary4054

10. Pseudo membrane. Bull neck. Dysphagia . Dispnea . Fever. Fatigue. Sore throat. Horse ness voice. Cough headache. Sign and symptoms @manishchaudhary4054

11. Pharyngotonsillar diphtheria . Laryngotracheal diphtheria . Nasal diphtheria . Cutaneous diphtheria . Type of diphtheria

12. Sore throat . Difficulty in swolling low grade fever . Obstruction of the airway may result in respiratory problems and death . 1. pharyngotonsillar diphtheria

13. Hoarsness of voice . Croupy cough. 2. Laryngotracheal diphtheria @manishchaudhary4054

14. It is a real public health problem because it spreads the disease more rapidly than other forms of diphtheria . Cutaneous diphtheria lesion . Appears as secondary infection . Lesion may be surrounded by edema and covered with a membrane . 3. Nasal diphtheria

15. Nose and throat swab. Schick test . Diagnostic evalution

16. Early detection Active search for cases should begin in family and school contacts. Nasal and throat swab-culture test should be done to detect the cases. Isolation Isolate all cases carriers in the hospital at least for 14 days. Prevention and cont ro l of diphtheria

17. Respiratory failure Complication

18. DPT-Diphtheria pertusis and tetanus vaccine. 16-24 months DT- Diphtheria and tetanus toxoid . Pentavalent – It vaccine ( give protection against diseases diphtheria , pertussis tetanus hepatitis-B and and hemophilus influenza-B ) Dose . 0.5 ml of the vaccine administered intramuscularly Immunization

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