directing - motivation leadership communication

this ppt is about directing - motivation leadership communication wherein you can see theories of motivation, financial and non-financial incentives, types of communication, tyhpes of leadership styles autocratic, democratic, laissez faire

1. cbse – xii business studies, ch.7 By Henna Punjabi

2. DIRECTING CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 2 Supervision Motivation Communication Leadership

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4. What is directing ? Directing is concerned with instructing , guiding , inspiring and motivating the employees in the organisation so that their efforts result in achievement of organisational goal . CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 4

5. What is directing ? Directing is telling people what to do and seeing that they do it to the best of their ability. - Ernest Dale Direction is a complex function that includes all those activities which are designed to encourage subordinates to work effectively and efficiently . - Koontz and O’Donnell Directing deals with the steps a manager takes to get subordinates and others to carry out plans. - William Newman CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 5

6. Features of Directing Directing initiates chain Continuing function Directing takes place at every level Directing flows from top to bottom Performance oriented Human element CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 6

7. Importance of directing To initiate action To integrate employees’ efforts Means of motivation Bring stability and balance in the organisation To facilitate change CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 7

8. PRINCIPLES of directing Maximum individual contribution Harmony of objectives Unity of Command Appropriateness of direction technique Managerial communication Use of informal organisation Leadership Follow through CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 8

9. ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING Supervision Motivation Leadership Communication CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 9

10. supervision Instructing Guiding Monitoring Observing CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 10

11. motivation Motivation is the process of stimulating, inspiring and inducing the employees to perform to their best capacity. Motivation is a process of inducing people to perform to their best ability to accomplish the goal. CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 11

12. ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION Motive Motivation Motivators CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 12

13. Characteristics of Motivation It is a psychological phenomenon Produces goal directed behavior Positive as well as negative Complex process CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 13

14. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 14

15. assumptions Behavior can be changed by fulfilling needs Starting with basic needs Only next higher level needs can motivate One moves higher only after satisfaction of one level of need CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 15

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17. MONETARY BENEFITS CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 17

18. PAY & ALLOWANCES Allowance means an amount paid to employees as part of their salary package, or to cover their out of pocket expenses incurred on behalf of the firm. E.g. Travelling allowance, food, phone bill, etc. Pay or Salary hike or Pay raise is an increment in salary every year. CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 18

19. PROFIT SHARING A percentage of profit is fixed, beyond which if profit exceeds, it is shared with employees. Profit sharing refers to various incentive plans introduced by businesses that provide direct or indirect payments to employees that depend on company's profitability in addition to employees' regular salary and bonuses. CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 19

20. Co-partnership / stock option Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) Issue of shares lower than market price Participation in management Establishing industrial democracy and boosting the morale of employees. CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 20

21. BONUS One time extra reward offered to employees as a reward for good performance CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 21

22. COMMISSION Common incentive given to sales force Income is directly related to efforts / performance Higher the orders, higher is the commission CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 22

23. PRODUCTIVITY LINKED WITH WAGE INCENTIVES Differential piece rate wage system CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 23

24. RETIREMENT BENEFITS Pension : Provident Fund : Gratuity: CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 24

25. PERKS / FRINGE BENEFITS / PERQUISITES Perks : Common perks are take-home vehicles,  hotel  stays, free refreshments, leisure activities on work time ( golf , etc.),  stationery , Fringe benefits : The most common benefits include life, disability, and  health insurance  bundles; tuition reimbursement or education assistance; fitness center access or discounts; employee meals and  cafeteria plans ;  Perquisites : Rent, Insurance, access to amenities CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 25

26. NON-MONETARY benefit Status Organisational climate Career advancement Job-enrichment Employees’ recognition Job security Employees’ participation Autonomy / employee empowerment CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 26

27. leadership CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 27

28. LEADERSHIP Leadership is a process of influencing the behavior of people at work towards the achievement of specified goal. The following elements must be present in the leadership. Process of influence Common goal 2 or more people Gain willing co-operation of employees CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 28

29. Features of leadership Ability to influence others Bring change in behavior Shows interpersonal relationship between leader and follower To achieve common goal Continuous process CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 29

30. Types of leaders CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 30

31. Autocratic leadership FEATURES Bossy Controlling Takes decisions by himself No delegation of authority Gives orders and expects others to follow Rewards / penalty Less desirable Ex. Adolf Hitler SUITABILITY Uneducated and unskilled subordinates Fear and punishment Dominant decision making CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 31

32. Autocratic leadership ADVANTAGES Quick decision-making Motivates and satisfies leaders Good for less competent subordinates When speed is required DISADVANTAGES Frustration and low morale of subordinates Lack of initiative among subordinates Unutilised potential No development of subordinates CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 32

33. democratic leadership FEATURES Consultation and participation Delegates and decentralises Freedom of expression Listens to suggestions SUITABILITY Job satisfaction is the goal Leader wants to share decision-making Sub-ordinates have accepted goals CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 33

34. democratic leadership ADVANTAGES Improves job satisfaction and morale Improves decision making Develops positive attitude Reduces labour turnover and absenteeism Quality decisions Overall growth of abilities Narayan Murthy of Infosys Technologies DISADVANTAGES Time-consuming Minimal interaction of subordinates Passing responsibility to sub-ordinates Sign of incompetence CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 34

35. LAISSEZ FAIRE leadership FEATURES Complete delegation Leader avoids power Brings necessary resources SUITABILITY Well-trained sub-ordinates Self-motivated sub-ordinates Responsible sub-ordinates CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 35

36. LAISSEZ FAIRE leadership ADVANTAGES Positive effect Scope of development for employees Utilisation of employee potential DISADVANTAGES No guidance to sub-ordinates Ignores contribution of leader Chaos from sub-ordinate CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 36

37. communication CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 37

38. communication Communication can be defined as transmission or exchange of ideas, views, message, information or instructions between two or more persons by different means. - spoken words - written words - body language and gestures - Diagrams, graphs, signs, etc. CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 38

39. COMMUNICATION PROCESS CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 39

40. FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 40

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42. formal communication CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 42

43. Informal communication CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 43

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45. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION (A) SEMANTIC BARRIERS (B) PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS (C) ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS (D) PERSONAL BARRIERS CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 45

46. SEMANTIC BARRIERS Badly expressed message Symbols with different meanings (weight, wait) cell Faulty translations Unclarified assumptions Technical jargon Body language and gesture decoding CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 46

47. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS Premature evaluation Lack of attention Loss by transmission and poor retention Distrust CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 47

48. ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS Organisational policy Rules and regulations Status difference Complex organisation Organisational facilities CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 48

49. PERSONAL BARRIERS Lack of confidence of superior in his subordinates Lack of incentives Fear of authority Unwillingness to communicate CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 49

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51. THANK YOU CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI 51