Disaster management Community health

Disaster management Community health nursing

1. PRESENTED BY,
MR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD

2. What is disastermanagement
???
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
cause damage, ecological disruption, lossof human
life, deterioration of health and health services on a
scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected community orarea”.
(W.H.O.)
“A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either
nature or manmade that causes human suffering
and creates human needs thatvictims cannot
alleviate withoutassistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC)’

3. What is DisasterManagement

4. What it involves??
Dealing with and avoiding bothnatural
and man madedisasters.
Preparedness beforedisaster.
Rebuilding and supporting society after
naturaldisasters.

5. BACKGROUND
population pressuresand
Enormous
urbanization
Aflood,adroughtoranearthquakemillionsof
peoplesareaffectedeachtimeadisasteroccurs
Large-scaledisplacementandthelossoflife,
lossofpropertyandagriculturalcrops

6. The reasons for this are variedincluding:
anincreasingpopulationpressuresinurban
areas
anincreaseintheextentofencroachmentinto
lands,e.g.,riverbedsordrainagecourses,low
lyingareasetc.
poororignoredzoninglawsandpolicies
lackofproperriskmanagement(insurance)
BACKGROUND

7. TYPES OF
DISASTER
Natural
Disaster
s
Meteorological
Topographical
Environmental
Man-made
Disasters
Technological
Industrial
accidents
Securityrelated

8. Natural
1.Cyclone,
2.Fires
3.Hurricanes Cyclone,(Sea)
4.Floods / Sea Surges /
Tsunamis
5.Snow storms,
6.Earthquakes,
7.Landslides,
8.Lava
9.Drought
10.Thunderstorm
11.Disease Epidemic
Man Made
1.Toxicological accidents
2.Nuclear accidents,
3.Civil disturbances,
4.Water contamination
5.Existing or anticipated
food shortages.
6.Train, car Accidents
7.Pollution
8.Contamination of Food
and water
9.Poisoning

9. FACTORS AFFECTING
DISASTER
•Age
•Immunization
status
•Degree ofmobility
•Emotionalstability
Host
factors
•PhysicalFactors
•ChemicalFactors
•BiologicalFactors
•SocialFactors
•PsychologicalFactors
Environmenta
l factors

10. CHARACTERISTIC OF
DISASTER
Predictability
Controllability
Speed ofonset
Lengthof
forewarning
Duration ofimpact
Scope andintensity
ofimpact

11. Health problems common to all Disasters
•Social reactions
•Communicable diseases
•Population displacement
•Climatic exposure
•Food and nutrition
•Water supply and sanitation
•Mental health
•Damage to health infrastructure

12. PHASES OF
DISASTER
Pre-impact
phase
Impact
phase
Post-impact
phase

15. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Disaster management is the responsibility of all
spheres ofgovernment
Disaster management should use resources that
exist for a day-to-daypurpose.
Organizations should function as an extensionof
their corebusiness
Individuals are responsible for their ownsafety.
Disaster management planning should focuson
large-scaleevents.

16. Contd….
DM planning should recognize thedifference
between incidents anddisasters.
DM planning must take account of the type of
physical environment and the structure of the
population.
DM arrangements must recognise the involvement and
potential role of non-governmentagencies.

17. PHASES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
DisasterPreparedness
Disaster impact
Disaster Response
Rehabilitation
DisasterMitigation

18. Disaster
preparedness
Preparedness should be in the formof
money, manpower andmaterials
Evaluation from past experiences aboutrisk
Location of disaster proneareas
Organization of communication,information and
warningsystem
Ensuring co-ordination andresponse
mechanisms

19. Development of publiceducation
programme
Co-ordination withmedia
National & internationalrelations
Keeping stock of foods, drug and other
essentialcommodities.
Contd….

20. E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a keyrole
in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has 5
centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakapatanam, Chennai & Mumbai. In
addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the east coast of
India.
The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the
disaster strike areas are United Nationagencies.
Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair(OCHA)
World Health Organization(WHO)
UNICEF
World Food Programme(WFP)
Food & Agricultural Organisation(FAD)
E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations
Co-Operative American Relief Every where(CARE)
International committee of Redcross
International committee of Redcross

21. Disasterimpact

22. Disaster
response
Epidemiologic surveillance anddisease
control
Vaccination
Nutrition

23. Rehabilitationphase
Watersupply
Foodsafety
Basic sanitation and personalhygiene
Vectorcontrol

24. Disaster
mitigation
Thisinvolveslesseningthelikelyeffectsofemergencies.
Theseincludedependinguponthedisaster,protectionof
vulnerablepopulationandstructure.
Eg.improvingstructuralqualitiesofschools,housesandsuchother
buildingssothatmedicalcausalitiescanbeminimized.
Similarlyensuringthesafetyofhealthfacilitiesandpublichealthservices
includingwatersupplyandseweragesystemtoreducethecostof
rehabilitationandreconstruction.
Thismitigationcomplimentsthedisasterpreparednessanddisaster
responseactivities.

25. DISASTER-
EFFECTS
Deaths
Disability
Increase in communicabledisease
Psychologicalproblems
Foodshortage
Socioeconomiclosses
Shortage of drugs and medicalsupplies.
Environmentaldisruption

26. DISASTER
RECOVERY
Successful RecoveryPreparation
Be vigilant in Healthteaching
Psychological support
Referrals to hospital asneeded
Remain alert for environmentalhealth
Nurse must be attentive to thedanger

27. Major Disasters inIndia
1984 Bhopal GasTragedy
2001 Gujaratearthquake
2004 Indian Oceantsunami
2008 Mumbaiattacks

28. India’s Vulnerability toDisasters
57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these,
12% is vulnerable to severeearthquakes.
68% land is vulnerable todrought.
12% land is vulnerable tofloods.
8% land is vulnerable tocyclones.
Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India
are also vulnerable to chemical and industrial
disasters and man-madedisasters.

29. GOI –NGO Disaster preparation
and Response Committee
Members
World Vision ofIndia
SOS Children's VillageIndia
RamakrishnaMission
Planinternational
OXFAM IndiaTrust
Lutheran World ServiceIndia
RedCross
Catholic ReliefServices
CASA
CARITASIndia
Voluntary Health association OfIndia
ActionAid
Action for FoodProduction-AFPRO
Indo German Social ServicesSociety

30. Areas ofConcern
Activating an Early Warning System network and its
closemonitoring
Mechanisms for integratingthe
scientific, technological and administrativeagencies for
effective disastermanagement
Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the
event of a rapid onsetdisaster
Vulnerability of critical infrastructures(power
supply, communication, water supply, transport,etc.)
to disasterevents

31. Contd…
•Funding : Primacy of relief as disasterresponse.
•Preparedness and Mitigation very oftenignored.
•Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data, information
and local knowledge on disaster history and traditional response
patterns.
•Need for standardized efforts in compiling and interpreting geo-spatial
data, satellite imagery and early warningsignals.
•Weak areas continue to be forecasting, modeling,risk
prediction, simulation and scenario analysis,etc.

32. Contd…
Absence of a national level, state level, and districtlevel
directory of experts and inventory ofresources.
Absence of a National Disaster Management Plan, and State
level and district level disaster managementplans.
Sustainability ofefforts
Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard Operating
Procedures for stakeholder groups,especially critical first
responderagencies.
Emergency medicine, critical care medicine, triage,first
aid

33. Nodal Agencies for DisasterManagement
Floods : Ministry of Water Resources,CWC
Cyclones : Indian MeteorologicalDepartment
Earthquakes : Indian MeteorologicalDepartment
Epidemics : Ministry of Health and FamilyWelfare
Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry ofEnvironment,
Ministry of Agriculture and AnimalHusbandry

34. ChemicalDisasters:MinistryofEnvironmentand
Forests
Industrial Disasters : Ministry ofLabour
Rail Accidents : Ministry ofRailways
Air Accidents : Ministry of CivilAviation
Fire : Ministry of HomeAffairs
Nuclear Incidents : Department of AtomicEnergy
Mine Disasters : Department ofMines
Nodal Agencies for DisasterManagement

35. Dynamics ofDisasters
There is a high probability or a low probability for an
event happening somewhere sometimesoon…
The unpredictability of disaster events and the high risk
and vulnerability profiles make it imperative to strengthen
disaster preparedness, mitigation and enforcement of
guidelines, building codes and restrictions on
construction of buildings in flood-prone areas and storm
surge prone coastalareas.

36. New Directions for Disaster
ManagementinIndia
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been
set up as the apex body for Disaster Managementin India, with
the Prime Minister as itsChairman.
Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at theState and
District Levels to be headed by the Chief Ministersand
Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmenrespectively.

37. New Directions for Disaster
ManagementinIndia
A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administerd byNDMA.
States and districts will administer mitigationfunds.
A National Disaster Response Fund will be administerd by NDMA through
the National Executive Committee. States and Districts will administer
state Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Response Fund respectively.
8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are being
trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in
eight strategiclocations.
A National Disaster Management Policy and National Disaster
Response Plan will also be drawnup.

38. Lessons
Learnt
Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is
bound to yield more effective returns than
distributing relief after adisaster.
Create a Culture of Preparedness and
Prevention.
Evolve a code of conduct for allstake-holders

39. FutureDirections
Encourage and consolidate knowledgenetworks
Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more
effective preparedness, mitigation and response
(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil
Defence,Homeguards)
Increased capacity building leads tofaster
vulnerabilityreduction.
Learn from best practices indisaster
preparedness, mitigation and disasterresponse

40. FutureDirections
Mobilising stakeholder participation of SelfHelp
Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups,Panchayati
RajInstitutions
Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises,Mock
drills and ScenarioAnalysis
Indigenous knowledge systems and copingpractices
Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk
Management

41. Invest inPreparedness
•Investments in Preparedness and Prevention
(Mitigation) will yield sustainable results,
ratherthan spending money on relief after a
disaster.
•Most disasters are predictable, especially in
their seasonality and the disaster-prone areas
which are vulnerable.
•Communities must be involved in

42. Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child
friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly
disastermanagement
Technology driven but peopleowned
Knowledge Management: Documentationand
dissemination of goodpractices
Public PrivatePartnership
FutureDirections

43. BestPractices
On 12 November, 1970 a major cyclone hit the coastal beltof
Bangladesh at 223 km/hr. with a storm surge of six to nine meters
height, killing an estimated 500,000people.
Due to the Cyclone Preparedness Program, the April 1991 cyclone
with wind speed of 225 km/hr. killed only 138,000 people even
though the coastal population had doubledby thattime.
In May 1994, in a similar cyclone with a wind speed of250
km/hr. only 127 people lost theirlives.
In May 1997,inacyclone with wind speed of 200 km/hr.only
111 people lost theirlives.

44. Newpossibilities
National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities:
recent experience of “unprecedented” extreme
weather conditions in a few major metros and
megacities
100,000 Rural KnowledgeCentres
( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e-Governancefor
informed decision making in disaster-prone
areas: before, during and afterdisasters

45. Disaster Reduction
Day
NIDM observed "Disaster Reduction Day" on the
12thOctober
Rallies and special lectures were organized in the
universities and colleges to mark the initiatives of
awareness for disaster reduction amongst youth &
children
Children's Colour Activity Book forDisaster
Preparedness

46. DISASTER
NURSING
It can be defined as the adaptation of
professional nursing skills in recognizing
and meeting the nursing, physical and
emotional needs resulting from a
disaster.

47. Any Questions
??