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Disaster management

1. DISASTER AND CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTER SUMIT JOHAR CSIR- NET (JRF), GATE , JKSET ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY

2. WHAT IS DISASTER? TO UNDERSTAND THIS WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND SOME BASIC TERMS LIKE HAZARDS RISK VULNERABILITY

3. HAZARDS Derived from the word HASARD in French Meaning … Luck or Chance A dangerous condition or event, that threat or have the potential for causing damage to life or property or the environment. Common hazards are:- Earthquake Floods Landslides Tsunami Forest fire etc…

4. RISK Risk includes two elements Possibility Probability “Risk occurs where factors and processes are sufficiently measurable for probability distributions to be assigned to the range of possible outcomes”

5. VULNERABILITY Latin vulnerabilis ( To Wound ) The degree of susceptibility and resilience of the community and environment to hazards (external forces). Susceptibility – likely or liable to be influenced. Resilience – the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties. Key factor to understand Vulnerability To Anticipate Cope with Resist and Recover from the impact of hazard.

6. WHAT IS DISASTER? DIS + ASTRE = “ BAD STAR ” A Disaster is the Consequence of the event Causes significant loss of Human lives and property. Function of HAZARD, RISK AND VULNERABILITY.

7. Classification of HAZARDS AND DISASTERS Disasters are classified as per origin, into Natural and man-made disasters. As per intensity, disasters are classified as Minor or Major (impact).

8. High Powered Committee ( HPC) was constituted in August 1999 under the chairmanship of J.C Pant. HPC grouped into the five categories… Floods Cyclones Cloudburst Heat wave Cold waves Snow avalanches Thunder Lightning etc.. Landslides Earthquake Dam failures Mine collapse or fire Volcanic eruptions Epidemics Pest attacks Food poisoning Covid Bird flu Forest fire Oil spill Building collapse Road , air and rail accidents

9. Profile of India in the context of Disaster Tenth worst disaster-prone countries in the world Natural as well as man-made disaster Due to unique geo-climatic and socio-economic conditions 27 out of 35 states and UT are disaster-prone. Himalayan – prone to Earthquake ( 58.6 % landmass ) and landslides Plains- Floods ( 12%) Desert – Drought ( 68%) and Famine Coastal – cyclones ( 5700 km) and Tsunami

10. Depending on the type of disaster, a nodal ministry has been assigned….

11. DHAJJI DEWARI-Traditional Earthquake Resistant Construction of Kashmir Kashmir Earthquake (OCT,2005)

12. Mangroves Planted At Tamil Nadu’s Pichavaram To Act As Barrier Against Tsunami TSUNAMI INDIAN OCEAN 2004

13. FLOOD

14. Four phases of Disaster Management (Brewster,2004)

15. 7 PHASES OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE Prevention: Activities aimed at trying to prevent future disasters from occurring, such as building dykes or a dam to control flooding. Mitigation : Activities aimed at trying to mitigate the impact of a disaster if prevention is not possible, such as building schools to be more earthquake resistant.  Preparedness : Activities aimed at preparing communities for a disaster, such as emergency drills or pre-stocking relief items in logistic hubs.  Disaster : An event that causes significant damage to people, property and infrastructure.  Response : Activities aimed at understanding needs and responding to them, including rapid assessments, provision of food and non-food items, provision of water, sanitation and hygiene services, and health and shelter interventions. In the immediate hours and days after a disaster, when search-and-rescue activities are critical, it is most often local actors who are first to respond  Recovery : Activities aimed at returning communities to normal life, such as livelihood development or formal education. Recovery activities can start when the disaster stabilizes, and the affected population has access to food, water, and some form of transitional shelter. This stage is sometimes divided into two: early recovery and medium-term recovery.  Reconstruction : Activities aimed at rebuilding infrastructure and housing. This can often take years and many activities may also blend back into mitigation, such as retrofitting schools to make them more earthquake resistant.