Disease_Notification_in_Epidemiology_Presentation.pptx

Disease_Notification_in_Epidemiology_Presentation.pptx

1. Disease Notification in Epidemiology Presented by: Daisy Achieng Otieno Institution: [Your Institution] Date: [Insert Date]

2. Introduction Disease notification is a system for reporting specific diseases to health authorities. It is a critical component of public health surveillance. Helps track disease patterns, detect outbreaks, and plan interventions.

3. Objectives Define disease notification. Understand its importance in public health. Identify notifiable diseases. Describe the disease notification process.

4. What is Disease Notification? Formal reporting of certain diseases to public health authorities. Usually mandated by national laws or international agreements. Ensures rapid response and control of public health threats.

5. Purpose of Disease Notification Early detection of disease outbreaks. Monitor disease trends and patterns. Guide resource allocation and public health planning. Evaluate effectiveness of control measures.

6. Types of Notifiable Diseases Infectious diseases: TB, cholera, measles, HIV, COVID-19. Non-infectious diseases: lead poisoning, cancer registries. Emerging/re-emerging diseases: Ebola, SARS, Zika.

7. Notification Process 1. Disease detection by healthcare provider. 2. Laboratory confirmation (if required). 3. Reporting to local health authority. 4. Compilation and analysis of data. 5. Reporting to national/international bodies.

8. Legal Framework National laws and regulations (e.g., Kenya Public Health Act). International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) by WHO. Ensures standardized global reporting and coordination.

9. Roles and Responsibilities Healthcare providers: detect and report cases. Laboratories: confirm diagnoses. Health authorities: collect, analyze, and act on data. WHO and other global partners: coordinate international response.

10. Challenges in Disease Notification Underreporting due to fear, stigma, or lack of awareness. Inadequate infrastructure or reporting systems. Delay in laboratory confirmation. Lack of trained personnel.

11. Case Study: COVID-19 Rapid notification and data sharing led to global response. Highlighted importance of robust notification systems. Showed gaps in preparedness and international coordination.

12. Conclusion Disease notification is vital for controlling public health threats. Timely and accurate reporting helps save lives. Every health professional has a role in the notification chain.

13. References WHO. International Health Regulations (2005). Ministry of Health, Kenya. Notifiable Diseases List. CDC. Disease Surveillance Systems. Relevant academic articles and epidemiology textbooks.