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1. Malasiqui Catholic School, Inc. Malasiqui , Pangasinan 2421 Philippines Tel. No. 632-2390 [email protected] S.Y. 2024 - 2025   DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES MR. JAMES BRYAN M. PRIMA DISS TEACHER

2. LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCES WITH NATURAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

3. DEFINING SOCIAL SCIENCES AS THE STUDY OF SOCIETY The scientific study of organized human groups is a relatively recent development , but a vast amount of information has been accumulated concerning the social life of human beings. This information has been used in building a system of knowledge called Social Sciences about the nature, growth and functioning of human societies.

4. Historical Background of Social Sciences Quexbook 2018 The history of the social sciences begun in the roots of ancient philosophy. In ancient history, there was no difference between Mathematics and the study of history , poetry or politics, only with the development of mathematical proof did there gradually arise a perceived difference between “scientific” disciplines and others such as the “humanities” or “liberal arts.”

5. Historical Background of Social Sciences Quexbook 2018 The Age of Enlightenment saw a revolution within natural philosophy, changing the basic framework by which individuals understood what was “scientific”. In some quarters, the accelerating trend of mathematical studies presumed a reality independent of the observer and worked by its own rules.

6. Historical Background of Social Sciences Quexbook 2018 Social sciences came forth from the moral philosophy of the time and were influenced by the Age of Revolution, such as the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. The Social Sciences developed from the sciences (experimental and applied), or the systematic knowledge - bases or prescriptive practices, relating to the social improvement of a group of interacting entities.

7. Definitions of Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Humanities Social Sciences Denhardt et al. (2009) Social Sciences A branch of science devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. “Social sciences as those mental or cultural sciences which deal with the activities of the individual as member of the group. The term social sciences thus embrace all those subjects which deal with the relationship of man to the society.

8. Definitions of Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Humanities Social Sciences Denhardt et al. (2009) Natural Sciences A major branch of science that deals with the description, prediction and understanding of natural phenomena, basically based on observational and empirical evidence.

9. BRANCHES OF NATURAL SCIENCES DESCRIPTION 1. LIFE SCIENCE/ BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE It studies life in all its forms, past and present. This includes plants, animals, viruses and bacteria, single-celled organisms, and even cells. Table 1: Two Main Branches of Natural Science Denhardt et al.

10. BRANCHES OF NATURAL SCIENCES DESCRIPTION 2. PHYSICAL SCIENCE This is the systematic study of the inorganic world, as distinct from the study of the organic world, which is the province of biological science. Table 1: Two Main Branches of Natural Science Denhardt et al.

11. BRANCHES OF NATURAL SCIENCES DESCRIPTION 2. PHYSICAL SCIENCE A. PHYSICS The science in which matter and energy are studied both separately and in combination with one another. Table 1: Two Main Branches of Natural Science Denhardt et al.

12. BRANCHES OF NATURAL SCIENCES DESCRIPTION 2. PHYSICAL SCIENCE B. ASTRONOMY The scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). Table 1: Two Main Branches of Natural Science Denhardt et al.

13. BRANCHES OF NATURAL SCIENCES DESCRIPTION 2. PHYSICAL SCIENCE B. CHEMISTRY The study of matter and its transformations and the development of methods to manipulate those transformations to create new and useful forms of Matter. Table 1: Two Main Branches of Natural Science Denhardt et al.

14. BRANCHES OF NATURAL SCIENCES DESCRIPTION 2. PHYSICAL SCIENCE B. EARTH SCIENCE The study of the Earth and its neighbors in space. It is an exciting science with many interesting and practical applications. Table 1: Two Main Branches of Natural Science Denhardt et al.

15. HUMANITIES refers to the study of the ways in which the human experience is processed and documented. - encompasses the field of philosophy, literature, religion, art, music, history and language

16. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences Things in Common - both sciences employ the scientific model in order to gain information. - both sciences use empirical and measured data evidence that can be seen and discerned by the senses. - both sciences’ theories can be tested to yield theoretical statements and general positions.

17. SOCIAL SCIENCES NATURAL SCIENCES  Arose 300 years later  Deals with subject (human being)  It is spontaneous, unpredictable and uncontrollable, as it deals with human emotions and behavior.  Experiential Data  Typically involves alternative methods of observation and interaction with people within community.  Open system  Started during the 16 th and 17 th century.  Deals with object.  Characterized by exactness, controlled variables, and predictability.  Experimental Data  The typical method of science is doing repetitive and conventional laboratory experiments.  Closed System Table 2: Differences of Social Sciences and Natural Sciences

18. Social Sciences and Humanities Things in Common Both the humanities and social science are concerned with human aspects like, law, politics, linguistics, economics, and psychology as well as human lives and nature.

19. SOCIAL SCIENCES HUMANITIES Influenced by and developed after the French revolution and the Industrial revolution. Social science deals with more scientific approach. Involves application of an empirical, rational, and objective methodology (such as the use of validity and reliability test) to present facts. Emerged in the 15 th century.  Humanities involved more of a scientific approach.  Deemed to be more philosophical and concerned with heritage and the question of what makes us human. It comprises the application of an interpretative methodology. Table 3: Differences of Social Sciences and Humanities

20. SOCIAL SCIENCES HUMANITIES To analyze, explain, and possibly predict and produce new knowledge of factual information To generate and produce new knowledge or factual information. To better appreciate the meaning and purpose of the human experience - both broadly in the nature of the human condition, as well as within each individual. Table 4: Functions of Social Sciences and Humanities

21. Directions: Complete the following Venn Diagrams. Write your answer on a separate sheet of short bond paper. Below are examples for your refere SOCIAL SCIENCES NATURA L SCIENCES DEALS WITH SUBJECT DEALS WITH SUBJECT Employ the scientific model in order to gain information A.

22. Directions: Complete the following Venn Diagrams. Write your answer on a separate sheet of short bond paper. Below are examples for your refere SOCIAL SCIENCES HUMANITIES Deal with more of a scientific approach Involve a more critical and analytical approach Deal with human aspects like politics, law, linguistics, economic, and psychology B .

23. LESSON 2 : NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES WITH THE HUMANITIES

24. INTRODUCTION Society is the place where social interactions and the human relationship with his/her environment happens. On the other hand, humans are the prime movers of interactions, and they cause changes that occur in our society. Because of human eagerness to explain what is happening in the world, it resulted in the birth of the three major divisions of sciences: the social sciences, natural sciences, and humanities. These sciences are interrelated with the common primary goal to explain how man is influenced by society and how society is shaped by man.

25. INTRODUCTION As a Senior High School student, some of your responsibilities are increasing your knowledge, widening your awareness, and deepening your understanding of our world. As humans interacting with society, we need to study the sciences and the disciplines that will significantly help us make sense of the things around us.

26. INTRODUCTION 1. Humanities - the branches of learning (such as philosophy, arts, or languages) that investigate human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes (as in physics or chemistry) and social relations (as in anthropology or economics). 2 . Science - knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method 3 . Social Science – a branch of science that deals with the institutions and functioning of human society and with the interpersonal relationships of individuals as members of society

27. A. General Concepts and Historical Background Humanities are academic disciplines that deal with the study of the aspects of human society and culture. Humanists or humanity scholars are the terms used to call the intellectuals studying humanities. It is one of the highlighted disciplines during the Renaissance Period. They were integrated into natural science and social science, which primarily use critical or speculative and empirical methodology.

28. A. General Concepts and Historical Background The history of humanities started in Ancient Greece since there was wide-ranging education of citizens in their early society. In Ancient Rome , they introduced the seven liberal arts involving grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. These liberal arts were also used during medieval times, primarily in education because humanities were considered as “ways of doing."

29. A. General Concepts and Historical Background During the 15th century in the Renaissance period , a major shift occurred in Humanities- from being regarded as traditional subjects and fields into literature and history. In the 20th century , the postmodernist movement sought to redefine the humanities into more egalitarian, which is suitable in a democratic society unlike during Ancient Greece and Rome, wherein Humanities were not entirely democratic in nature.

30. DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES:

31. BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES DESCRIPTIONS Anthropology It is the holistic "science of humans," a science of the totality of human existence. This discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Archaeology It is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological records involve fossils, artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts , and cultural landscapes.

32. BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES DESCRIPTIONS Archaeology Archaeology can be considered both as social science and a branch of the humanities. It has various goals, which range from understanding cultural history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time in the pre-historic and historical records. Classics The word classics is originated from the Latin adjective “ classicus ,” meaning "belonging to the highest class of citizens." The term was initially used to describe the members of the highest class in ancient Rome.

33. BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES DESCRIPTIONS Classics Classics is also known as “classical studies,” the study of classical antiquity referring to the classical era. The classical period of the Western world traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature in their original languages of Ancient Greek and Latin, respectively. It may also include the study of Greco-Roman philosophy, history, and archaeology as secondary subjects. History It is the systematic study of the collected information about the past. It refers to the study and interpretation of the record of humans, societies, institutions, and any topic that has changed over time.

34. BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES DESCRIPTIONS Linguistics and Languages It is the scientific study of language generally considered a social science,a natural science, and humanities. It deals with the analysis of language, vocabulary, and a variety of uses of language. Law and Politics It comes from the Old English “ lagu ,” which means something laid down or fixed, and the adjective legal comes from the Latin word “ lex .” It also means to rule or system of rules in the form of enforceable through institutions. It involves authority, command of a sovereign, and legal policy where both humans and society are benefited.

35. BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES DESCRIPTIONS Literature It comes from the Latin word “ literatura / litteratura ,” derived itself from “ littera ,” which means letter or handwriting or writing formed with letters. It deals with literary pieces, both written and oral. It is categorized into fiction, non-fiction, prose, and poetry. Philosophy It comes from the two Greek words, “ philos / philia ,” which means love and “ sophia ,” which means wisdom. It is defined as “love of wisdom” that deals with the study of problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, justification, truth, justice, right and wrong, beauty, validity, mind, and language.

36. BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES DESCRIPTIONS Philosophy It comes from the two Latin words “re” which means again, and “ ligare ,” which means “to connect”. It is defined as a social-cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, worldviews, texts, sanctifie d places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements. Performing Arts It refers to forms of art in which artists use their voices, bodies, or inanimate objects to convey artistic expression. The performing arts are intended to express one's emotions and feelings.

37. BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES DESCRIPTIONS Performing Arts Performing arts, includes acrobatics, busking, comedy, dance, film, magic, music, opera, juggling, marching arts, such as brass bands, and theatre performance. Visual Arts It refers to art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, de sign, crafts, and architecture. It includes many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types and even fine arts. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design, and decorative art.

38. SOCIAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE ARE INTEGRATED, INTERRELATED, AND INTERDISCIPLINARY TO THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES SUMMARY OF CONCEPTS Social Sciences, as an academic discipline, is integrated and interrelated to other disciplines such as natural sciences and humanities. They are not contradicting the body of knowledge but instead, they collaborate to deepen and give more constructive and science-based bodies of knowledge of what is happening to us, our society, and to the world itself.

39. SOCIAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE ARE INTEGRATED, INTERRELATED, AND INTERDISCIPLINARY TO THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES They are integrated, interrelated, and interdisciplinary because the primary center of the study of the three bodies of knowledge is how humans influence the society and the world, the society to humans and to the world, and the world to society and humans. These disciplines are undeniably still relevant in contemporary times as humans continue to search for knowledge and contribute to the fast-changing world.

40. CONCEPTS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE SOCIAL SCIENCES NATURAL SCIENCES HUMANITIES NATURE The academic discipline part of the body of knowledge The academic discipline part of the body of knowledge The academic discipline part of the body of knowledge FUNCTION Deals with the institutions and functioning of human society and with the interpersonal relationships of individuals as members of society Deals with explaining concurrent and existing theories and changes happening to humans, the environment, society, and the world. Deals with the study of the aspects of human society and culture METHODOLOGY Speculative Experiential Scientific and Logical Empirical Experimental Scientific and Logical Speculative Experiential Scientific and Abstract

41. ACTIVITY 2: DATA RETRIEVAL CHART A. DIRECTIONS : Your task is to discuss the nature and functions of Social Science disciplines with humanities. You can use the text you’ve read a while ago in answering this task. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES NATURE AND FUNCTIONS BRANCHES 1. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2. HUMANITIES

42. ACTIVITY 2: DATA RETRIEVAL CHART DIRECTIONS : Your task is to discuss the nature and functions of Social Science disciplines with humanities. You can use the text you’ve read a while ago in answering this task. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. B. Nature and Functions of different branches of Humanities BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES NATURE AND FUNCTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.