DISSERTATION PRESENTATION ON SELF-ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES.pptx

ENTREPRENEUR FOR STUDENTS

1. SELF-ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS BY: FARHANA BINTI MOHD NAZMI

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE

3. CHAPTER 1

4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. To determine the level of entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students. 1. What is the level of entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students? 2. To determine the level of each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies in developing entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students 2. What is the level of each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies in developing entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students? 3. To investigate the relationship between each dimensions of self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset. 3. What is the relationship between each dimensions of self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset ? 4. To investigate if there is any significant different between self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset 4. Is there is any significant different between self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset? RESEARCH QUESTIONS & RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

5. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

6. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

7. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

8. CHAPTER 2

9. SELF-ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ENTREPRENEUR Definition of Entrepreneur Past studies ENTREPRENEURIAL Definition of Entrepreneurial Past studies ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES Definition of Competencies 13Entrepreneurial Competencies -Past studies ENTREPRENEURIAL Mindset Definition of Entrepreneurial Mindset -Past studies RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES WITH ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET - Past studies Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework

10. SELF-ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES Scanning Connecting Evaluation Risk perception Risk propensity Core self-evaluation Entrepreneurial knowledge Creativity Financial literacy, Managing ambiguity Marshalling of resources Planning Innovative Employee         ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Sources: Solesvik , et al (2013) and Assessment Tools for Entrepreneurship Education (ASTEE)

11. SELF-ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES Scanning Connecting Evaluation Risk perception Risk propensity Entrepreneurial knowledge Creativity Financial literacy, Managing ambiguity Marshalling of resources Planning Innovative Employee         ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

12. CHAPTER 3

13. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN Correlational INSTRUMENTATION A dapted from a study by Dohme, P. A. E. (2015) and Pihie and Arivayagan (2016) Self-administered questionnaire Five-point likert scale :1: “Strongly Agree”, 2: “ Agree”, 3: “Neutral”, 4: “Disagree”, 5: “Strongly Disagree”. The questionnaires comprise of two main parts : - Part 1: Demographic Profile - Part 2: Self-Entrepreneurial Competencies and Entrepreneurial Mindset QUESTIONNAIRE

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17. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN Correlational DATA COLLECTION METHOD Primary data sources Secondary data sources SAMPLING DESIGN Total Population : U ndergraduate students from the Faculty of Education from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Sampling Technique: Cluster Random Sampling Total population 8 clusters/groups (Phase of study) Researcher selected 3 clusters out of 8 clusters Groups are randomly selected as a sample Sample size : 150 for 3 clusters ( Part 3, Part 5, and Part 8)

18. Items Types of Analysis RQ 1 : What are the level of entrepreneurial-mindset among UiTM students?   Descriptive : Mean and Standard Deviation RQ 2 : What are the level of each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies in developing entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students?   Descriptive : Mean and Standard Deviation   DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

19. Items Types of Analysis RQ 3 : What are the relationship between each dimension in self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset among students at the university level?   Pearson’s correlation : Pearson product moment correlation coefficient value (r-value) RQ 4 : Is there any significant different between self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset?.   Simple Regression Test: R 2 -value, Adjusted R 2 -value, and F-value y = a + bx 1

20. PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS Cronbach’s Alpha N of items .930 49 * Reliability and validity test was done during pilot study to increase the probability of success for the instrument use in the study. Correlation Coefficients ® Strength of Relationship < 0.20 0.21-0.35 0.36-0.60 0.61-0.80 =1 None Weak positive Moderate positive Very strong positive Perfect positive Table 3.2: Value of correlation coefficient Figure 3.1: Reliability Statistics * Overall internal consistency value

21. CHAPTER 4

22. RO 1 & RQ 1 DATA ANALYSIS To determine the level of entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students . RQ 1 : What is the level of entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students?   From the result, it indicated high level of Entrepreneurial Mindset among UiTM students as the mean score falls under the range of high level between 3.67 and 5.00 on the rating scale. This means the development of entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students are well developed and awareness on the entrepreneurship values in their daily lives. (M= 3.72, SD= 0.55) The mean score falls under ‘High Level’ range. Hence, High level of entrepreneurial mindset.   Mean SD Level ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET 3.72 .55 High Low Level Moderate Level High Level (1.000 – 2.339) (2.34 – 3.669) (3.67 – 5.00) Figure 4.1: Rating Scale (Source: Gravetter and Wallnau ,2009 ) Table 4.2 : Mean and Standard Deviation for Entrepreneurial Mindset

23. RO 2 & RQ 2 DATA ANALYSIS To determine the level of each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies in developing entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students . RQ 2 : What is the level of each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies in developing entrepreneurial mindset among UiTM students ? From the results in Table 4.3, the Entrepreneurial Knowledge among UiTM students are quite high with the mean score 3.99 and standard deviation of .56 . It indicated that these students are considering the entrepreneursip knowledge into their principal of thought which can give a positive influence on the entrepreneurship development in the future . Financial Literacy showed the lowest mean score which is 3.18 with .80 for the standard deviation value compared to others. Literacy in reading a financial statement is important especially for every business people. Not to mention that it is also important for these young entrepreneurs to be a finance literate. However, in order to enhance students literacy in finance before venturing into business, the instructional leaders especially lecturers can make improvement in the teaching curricullum in finance subject for an effective and efficient learning outcomes.

24. No.   Dimensions Mean Std. Deviation Level 1 Scanning 3.78 .50 High 2 Connecting 3.38 .54 Moderate 3 Evaluation 3.58 .56 Moderate 4 Risk Perception 3.41 .76 Moderate 5 Risk Propensity 3.86 .57 High 6 Entrepreneurial Knowledge 3.99 .56 High 7 Creativity 3.68 .74 High 8 Financial Literacy 3.18 .80 Moderate 9 Managing Ambiguity 3.53 .77 Moderate 10 Marshalling of Resources 3.65 .64 Moderate 11 Planning 3.56 .72 Moderate 12 Innovative Employee 3.66 .75 Moderate Table 4.3: Level of each dimensions of self-entrepreneurial competencies in developing entrepreneurial mindset

25. RO 3 & RQ 3 DATA ANALYSIS To investigate the relationship between each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset.   RQ 3 : What is the relationship between each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset?   The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient ( r-value ) was use to show the relationship between each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset. The value of the correlation matrix between entrepreneurial mindset (dependent variable) and self-entrepreneurial mindset (independent variable) are presented in Table 4.4. According to the results shown in Table 4.4, there was a moderate and strong positive relationship between each 12 dimensions of self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset . The determination on the strength of relationship was determined based on the guidelines in Table 4.5 that shows the value of correlation coefficient by Hair et al. (2016) as the guidelines on interpretations on the strength of relationship between the variables.  

26. No. Dimensions of Self-Entrepreneurial Competencies r 1 Scanning + Entrepreneurial Mindset .41** 2 Connecting + Entrepreneurial Mindset .45** 3 Evaluation + Entrepreneurial Mindset .52** 4 Risk Perception + Entrepreneurial Mindset 1.33 5 Risk Propensity + Entrepreneurial Mindset .48** 6 Entrepreneurial Knowledge + Entrepreneurial Mindset .57** 7 Creativity + Entrepreneurial Mindset .53** 8 Financial Literacy + Entrepreneurial Mindset .46** 9 Managing Ambiguity + Entrepreneurial Mindset .37** 10 Marshalling of Resources + Entrepreneurial Mindset .56** 11 Planning + Entrepreneurial Mindset .59** 12 Innovative Employee + Entrepreneurial Mindset .57** Table 4.4: Relationship between each dimension of self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset

27. Correlation Coefficients Strength of Relationship < 0.20 0.21-0.35 0.36-0.60 0.61-0.80 =1 None Weak positive Moderate positive Very strong positive Perfect positive Table 4.5: Value of correlation coefficient Source: Hair et al, (2006)

28. RO 4 & RQ 4 DATA ANALYSIS Table 4.6 shows that the amount increased in Entrepreneurial Mindset scores would be predicted by a 1 unit increased in the predictors. The standardized coefficient for Self-Entrepreneurial Competencies is 1.034. Hence, for every unit increased in Self-Entrepreneurial Competencies, then we will expect 1.034 point increased in the Entrepreneurial Mindset score. This was statistically significant at t = 14.422, p <0.05. R-Square (R2) is the proportion of variance in the dependent variable which can be predicted from the independent variable. From the table, the R2 value of .764 implies that 76.4% of the variance in the Entrepreneurial Mindset scores can be predicted from Self-Entrepreneurial Competencies. To investigate if there is any significant different between self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset . RQ 4 : Is there any significant different between self-entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial mindset ?

29. Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -.003 .260   -.012 .990 MEANSEC 1.034 .072 .764 14.422 .000 (F= 208.000 Adjusted R 2 = .581 R 2 = .581 ) Table 4.6: Simple Regression Analysis of Self-Entrepreneurial Competencies and Entrepreneurial Mindset Overall

30. The relationship between the variables in simple regression analysis for the study was proposed as:   Equation 1: y = a + b 1 x 1 Where: y = entrepreneurial mindset x 1 = self-entrepreneurial competencies Therefore , the simple regression for the study was modified in terms of the variable used. The regression equation is shown as below: Equation 2: y = -.003 + .764 x 1 Where: y = entrepreneurial mindset x 1 = self-entrepreneurial competencies

31. Through the regression analysis, the respondents agreed self-entrepreneurial competencies does influence students’ entrepreneurial mindset. They have the same perspective where students’ must exhibit their internal competencies towards entrepreneurship to show that they are capable in both academic and entrepreneurial skills to show their enthusiasms in improving their future without dependency in employability where they can be their own boss or self-employed . Thus , since t-value = 14.422 and p-value = 0.00 ( p-value < 0.05), there is a statistically significant different between Self-Entrepreneurial Competencies with Entrepreneurial Mindset.

32. CHAPTER 5

33. This study is undertaken with the aim to find the alternative to reduce the number of unemployed job seekers through students’ self-entrepreneurial competencies that influence their entrepreneurial mindset. T his study able to quantify the data for the research through the data analysis done for the study. In overall, research results reveals that self-entrepreneurial competencies have a positive influence on the entrepreneurial mindset among university students. CONCLUSION

34. END OF SLIDE THANK YOU FARHANA BT MOHD NAZMI