Distance education in nursing

NURSING EDUCATION

1. DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING NIHARIBALA NAYAK ,TUTOR KINS,KIIT-DU

2. OBJECTIVES : INTRODUCTION DEFINE DISTANCE EDUCATION AND DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING AIIMS AND OBJECTIVES CHARACTERISTICS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTGES TECHNOLOGIES OF DE INTERACTION AND TECHNOLOGY IN DE DE IN NURSING EDUCATION SCOPE OF DE QUALITY IN DE STANDARD FOR DE FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT F DE SUMMARY CONCLUSION

3. Distance education uses a variety of information technologies to connect students and faculty who otherwise are not able to meet because of barriers of time or space. Because the student and teacher are not in the same classroom, distance education focuses on promoting meaningful interaction that overcome the separation of the teacher and student .

4. ( Distance Learning, Open Learning, E-learning, Online Learning Or Web-based Learning .) Education where teachers and students are separated in the place and time. The gap between the two can be bridged through the technology. Particularly those relying on computers, audio or video technology as the medium of delivery and, sometimes, for two-way instruction.

5. DEFINITION It refers to the forms of study where a geographic distance between learner and teacher exists . Distance learning or education or e-learning is a mode of imparting education and instructions often to an individual basis to a student who are not physically present in the class.

6. Nursing Distance Education Distance Education (DE), also known as distributed learning , uses a wide range of computing and communications technologies to provide learning opportunities beyond the time and place constraints of traditional classroom. (The CSU Center for Distributed Learning, 2004 ). Online DE also meets the needs of students who prefer more independence in their learning. ( Leasure , Davis, & Thievon , 2000 )

7. AIMS It aims at not only providing certificates and but also helps in personal growth and training for better job prospects, job enhancement and in service education . Brings changes in attitude in addition to knowledge. Makes education more relevant . Provides opportunities for self enrichment and professional upgrading . Provides flexibility of time to enable student to pace their studies.

8. Access to Contemporary Forms of Distance Learning A variety of methods are used for distance learning : 1 . Internet-enabled 2.Web-based 3. Computer-mediated 4. Online 5. Synchronous 6. Asynchronous The difference among these terms have to do with the amount the computer is required to complete the course requirements.

9. OBJECTIVES To provide an efficient and less expensive method of educational instruction at a higher level in the context of national development of India. To provide facilities to pursue higher education to all qualified and willing persons who had failed to join regular university courses due to personal and economic reasons or because of their inability to get admission to a regular college . To provide opportunities of academic pursuits to educated citizens through correspondence instruction without disturbing their present employment.

10. CHARACTERSTICS Distance education can occur in "real-time" or " delayed time ." In synchronous distance education , the teacher and student , although separated , are participating in the educational experience at the same time (for example, live, interactive television or online computer "chats").

11. Advantage 1. Lectures and lesson are delivered at same time to distant places, which ensures uniformity in delivery systems. 2. Enhances Group building 3. Facilitating Brain- Stroming and decision making . 4. Co-operative learning. 5. Promotes skill in discussion among learner 6. Feeling of Social isolation is reduced . 7. Discussion is possible in terms of written words

12. Disadvantages 1. Scheduling same time to multiple participants would be difficult . 2. Requirement of greater Financial and personnel resources . 3. Adult learner will have hetrogenous in qualification and understanding would make difficult to prepare contents. 4. Cannot be suitab le for learners from different time zones.

13. In asynchronous modes, the student and faculty are not participating at the same time (for example, independent study modules, videotapes, and computer conferencing). So , Computer-based instruction may be synchronous, as when computer conferences are held at pre established times via chat technologies, or it maybe asynchronous as when learners retrieve instructional materials via the internet and act on them at their convenience.

14. Advantages 1 . It does not require the participants share the time or space to contribute to or benefit from instructions. 2. Tailored to individual need and meeting individual differences. 3 . Suitable to all learners living different time zones . 4. Individual can read and understand the content at his own pace. 5. Recorded lectures and printed text materials will be viewed number of times which enhances retention of learning. 6. Learner can clarify their doubts through emails/post. 7. It is good for learner who has learning disabilities. 8. Online discussion boards will enhance interaction among learners.

15. Disadvantages 1. Social isolation of learner. 2. Lacks active interaction. 3. Cost is higher. 4. Lack of immediate clarification and evaluation of contents.

16. The technologies of DE The technologies for connecting learners and faculty may be print, audio, video, or computer and vary in complexity and cost . In many instances, one or more of the technologies can be combined to maximize the advantages of each .

17. INTERACTION AND TECHNOLOGY IN DE Interaction in a traditional classroom is much different than the interaction that occurs in distance education . Distance education programs mix instructional technologies with strategies to help the learners interact with the instructional content.

18. Advantages The primary value of using information technology to connect teachers and students is that learning opportunities can be accessible to students who live a distance from the faculty, and learning opportunities can occur "on demand" at a time and place convenient for the learner. Allows you to course work when its convenient for you. Can lead to an advanced degree that may result in increment career salaries

19. Avoid physical accessibility issues such as access to building and sitting in uncomfortable chairs. Is a great equalizers that you work follow class maters without regard for appearance age, sex, ethnicity or other difference that can result in prejudices. Fosters a broader perspective through interaction with people from other parts of the world.

20. Distance education can be used to deliver continuing education, and on the job or just-in-time training . Offering courses using distance education strategies also can serve as a vehicle for recruitment.

21. Attending class from remote locations Fulfilling personal responsibility Experience of diversity Learning at your finger tip Learning at your own pace

22. Disadvantages Distance education is not for all teachers, all students, or all instructional activities, and nurse educators must make careful choices about using distance education technologies. Distance education requires additional course preparation and role changes for faculty and students. programs may be possible only with additional funding.

23. May isolate You must be disciplined enough to work independently Require substantial self motivation You need basic computer skills Requires strong reading, writing and communication skills, interaction with your instructor and classmates will be a email or messaging Finally, distance education involves the costs of managing such a program, additional faculty time, and technology, and initial efforts to develop distance education.

24. Technological support Transmission delay Seriousness of education may lost Active participation is needed Clinical skills and communication may or may not attain

25. Why Distance Education In Nursing? Nurses have many different motivations for attaining or furthering their education using DE modalities . Nurses identified travelling long distances to campus based courses as a major barrier to further education, in addition to geographical barriers, work, and family obligations . ( White, Roberts, & Brannan, 2003 ). Distance technology makes it cost effective to run smaller, more specialized classes which enhance the quality of learning .

26. Fortunately , the advent of technology has expanded the capacity of educational institutions to reach far beyond their geographical areas. The increase use of technology in education may increase access and ultimately lower the cost of education . (AACN, 1999).

27. Scope Of Distance Education In Nursing Online degree programs in nursing have multiplied rapidly in recent years. In a 1998 survey conducted by AACN, 51% on nursing schools reported they were engaged in some from of DE. BSN , MSN, and MSN in many advanced practice majors are available online today Numerous online doctoral programs also exist, including complete or partial (PhD) programs at respected universities .

28. How Can Quality In Distance Education Be Assured? Seven principles of best practice and corresponding lessons for online education: 1. Good practice encourages students-faculty contact. 2. Good practice encourages cooperation among students. 3. Good practice encourages use of active learning techniques. 4. Good practice gives prompt feedback. 5. Good practice emphasizes time on task. 6. Good practice communicates high expectations. 7. Good practice respects diverse talents and ways of learning. ( Graham, Kursat , Byung -Ro, Craner , & Duffy, 2001)

29. Standards for Distance Education Nursing Programs 1 . Student outcomes are consistent with the stated mission, goals , and objectives of the program . 2. The institution assumes the responsibility for establishing a means to assess student outcomes . 3. Mechanisms for ongoing faculty development and involvement in the area of distance learning and the use of technology in the teaching-learning process are established .

30. . Appropriate technical support for faculty and students is provided. 5. Learning opportunities are provided that facilitate development of student clinical competence and professional socializat ion. 6. Available resources are provided for the students successful attainment of all program objectives . 7. Each accreditation and program review entity incorporate the review of distance education programs as a component of site visitor/evaluator training. ( AACN,2002

31. Five Components for Evaluation of Web-based Courses 1.Text with syllab i: weekly agenda; classes developed with PowerPoint, reading assignments. 2.Live chat sessions (synchronous). 3.Post-discussion questions (asynchronous ). 4.Online testing and grade book. 5.Broadcast emailing.

32. Benefits of Distance education 1 . Balancing inequalities between age groups ; extending geographical access to education and delivering educational campaigns and other education for large audiences 2. Providing speedy and efficient training for key target groups. 3 . Expanding the capacity for education in new and multidisciplinary subject areas ; offering the combination of education with work and family life. 4 . Developing multiple competencies through recurrent and continuing education; enhancing the international dimension of educational experience

33. 5 . Improving the quality of existing educational services . 6 . To respond effectively to the growing demand of working adults or any others who have difficulties in getting training in conventional education because of lack of flexibility in the timing and location of courses . 7. To provide an opportunity for the empowerment of those most disadvantaged by existing provision, the unemployed, the disabled, women and ethnic minorities.

34. Factors to be considered in development of a distance education Programme in Nursing Needs assessment : External factors and Internal factors Health care system Receptiveness of community and target group Support of councils and apex bodies in terms of recognition and accreditation Congruency of distance education program with Mission, philosophy, organizational frame work of parent organization. Academic infrastructure, Clinical facilities, faculty expertise and resources availability.

35. Economic feasibility. Financial planning Cost effectiveness of the program Clear financial plan Self sufficiency 3. Curriculum Congruency of the curriculum with regular programs of parent institution Comparability with other similar programmes.

36. 4. Delivery model Type of delivery system Rationale of choosing particular model Cost related to the system 5.Learning needs of students Faculty expertise Faculty development programmes “User friendly” for faculty and students

37. Teaching and learning theories and Nursing values Preserving nursing values “caring, communications, professional socialization, moral and ethical values. 6. Evaluation methods Type of evaluation plan Relevancy of evaluation method to delivery system and objectives.

38. Role of Distance Education in Nursing Those nurse who are working in remote areas and have no facilities for higher education. Those who are unable to join regular colleges due to various reasons.

39. Those who are already working and cannot be relieved from their duties by their institutions because of shortage of nurse or other reasons. Those who feel that they cannot cope up with their regular course within a specific time. They can continue their studies at their own space.

40. Nursing courses in distance education

41. Colleges for distance education in India NIMS jaipur Annamalai university(Diploma in Critical Care Nursing) Sikkim Manipal college of nursing The global open university IGNOU

42. SUMMARY

43. CONCLUSION

44. References Chitty K. & Black B. (2007). Professional Nursing: Concepts & challenges, 5th edition, Saunders, USA. Cherry, B. & Jacob, S. (2008). Contemporary nursing. (4th ed.). St Louis: Mosby Elsevier. O'Neil, C. Fisher, C. & Newbold , S. (2009). Developing Online Learning Environments in Nursing Education. (2nd ed.). Springer Publishing Company, LLC. New York. Reiners , G. ( 2005 ). Nursing Distance Education. A Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of Administration and Leadership of Distance Education Programs. Capella University.

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