Division of Labor

This is a presentation slide about the advantages and disadvantages of division of labor.

1. Welcome to my Presentation 1

2. Presented By Student Name: MD. Tariqul Islam Student ID: 141637 2 nd Year, 1 st Term Sociology Discipline. Khulna University. 2

3. Presentation Topic: Division of Labor 3

4. Introduction Division of labor first originated from the division of workers in different occupations. Division of labor means the diversity of rules within the same enterprise, applicable to all the factors of production. It is a production process in which a worker or group of workers is assigned a specialized task in order to increase efficiency. 4

5. Definition Many scholars and sociologist define the division of labor in different point of view. Some of are given below: According to Collins Dictionary of Sociology(2000) “The process whereby productive tasks become separated and more specialized” According to Oxford Dictionary of Sociology “A way of ​organizing ​work, ​especially making things, so that ​particular ​types of ​work are done by ​particular ​people .” 5

6. Historical Background In Plato's Republic , the origin of the state lies in the natural inequality of humanity, which is embodied in the division of labor. ( The Republic , p. 103) "While Plato recognizes both the economic development and political benefits of the division of labor . The 14th-century scholar Ibn Khaldun emphasized the importance of the division of labor in the production process. In his Muqaddimah , he states: The power of the individual human being is not sufficient for him with as much as he requires to lives . 6

7. Historical Background Adam Smith, in his first book Wealth of Nations (1776) he want to Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of wealth of nations and he seems that the essence of industrialism by determining that division of labor represents a qualitative increase in productivity . He argued that division of labor is a dynamic engine of economic progress. 7

8. Theories of Division of Labor Structural-Functionalism Theory: Emile Durkheim In his book, The Division of Labor in Society (1893), observes that the division of labor appears in all societies and positively correlates with societal advancement because it increases as a society progresses. 2. Conflict Theory: Marx's theoretical contribution is his sharp distinction between the economic and the social division of labor. He described it negatively and said about alienation, when the same work becomes repetitive then the process of production creates less-skilled workers. And he argued that class differentiation and status variation originated by division of labor. 8

9. Types of Division of Labor Basically it is four types. Simple Division of Labor Complex Division of Labor Occupational Division of Labor Regional and International D ivision of Labor 9

10. Advantages of Division of Labor Practice Makes P erfect Increase in Efficiency of Labor Increase in Skill Increase in Production Increase in Employment Opportunities Best Selection of the Workers Reduction in the Cost of Production Economy of Time 10

11. Disadvantages of Division of Labor Work Becomes D ull & Monotonous Increased Dependence Greater R isk of Unemployment Decline in the Quality of C raftsmanship Loss of Responsibility Exploitation of Labor Discrimination Industrial Disputes 11

12. Conclusion Division of labor is a kind of Specialization. As our resources are scare, to satisfy the largest possible number of wants, we have to organize them by division of labor. Division of labor is an important feature of modern industrial organization. Division of labor occupies so important place in the modern production process and adds so greatly to the total output and wealth of a country. 12

13. Reference(s) D . Jary & J. Jary . 2000. Collins dictionary of Sociology . 3rd Edition. Harpercollins Publishers. Glasgow, UK . Encyclopedia 2015 . Patron-client Relationship. Encyclopedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Accessed on October 15, 2015. Retrieved from [http:// www.encyclopedia.com/doc/divisionoflabor.html] Wikipedia. 2015 . Division of Labor. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Accessed on October 15, 2015. Retrieved from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_Labor] 13

14. Thank You All Do you have any questions? 14