DNA fingerprinting

Introduction to DNA fingerprinting

1. DNA FINGERPRINTING Group 8 Michila Fernando and Sureshni Fernando

2. A technique that detects mini-satellites in the genome to produce a pattern unique to an individual. Also known as DNA profiling, DNA typing and genetic fingerprinting. WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING?

3. HISTORY

4. PRINCIPLE

5. APPLICATIONS To study human lineage To diagnose inherited disorders For forensic studies To solve paternity/maternity disputes

6. TECHNIQUE 1. Extraction of DNA - from blood, saliva, semen, hair roots by salting out proteins. 2. Digestion of DNA using restriction enzymes - Restriction endonucleases recognize palindromic regions and cut DNA forming sticky or blunt ends.

7. 3. Separation of the DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis - occurs based on their size, shape, charge and concentration of the agarose under the influence of an electric field. 4. Transfer the DNA - A nitrocellulose membrane or nylon sheet is placed on the gel and allowed to soak overnight by southern blotting.

8. 5. Probe labelling - Complementary radioactive probes are added to the membrane and allowed to hybridize. The excess probes are washed off. 6. Autoradiography - Exposed to X-ray film to allow the variable fragments to be visualized.

9. DISADVANTAGES Collected evidence can be stored indefinitely Criminals are charged and justice for victims Measure individuality Develop treatment for inherited disorders Not an obtrusive process Infringement of privacy Contamination can result in false conclusions False positive and false negative results ADVANTAGES

10. SUMMARY

11. REFERENCES Barh , D. and Azevedo , V. (2017)  Omics Technologies and Bio-Engineering , pp. 591-625. Bioscience Times (2018)  DNA Fingerprinting- Principle, Methods, Applications [Online]. Available at: https://www.biosciencetimes.com/molecular-biology/dna-fingerprinting/276/ (Accessed: 28 August 2019). Kofanova , O. A., Mathieson, W., Thomas, G. A. and  Betsou F. (2014) ‘DNA Fingerprinting: A Quality Control Case Study for Human Biospecimen Authentication’, Biopreservation and Biobank, 12(2), pp. 151–153 [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3995361/ (Accessed: 27 August 2019). Roewer , L., (2013) ‘DNA fingerprinting in forensics: past, present, future’, Investigative Genetics, 4(22) [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831584/ (Accessed: 28 August 2019). Sciencing (2019)  What are Specific Biotechnology Applications for DNA Fingerprinting? [Online]. Available at: https://sciencing.com/specific-biotechnology-applications-dna-fingerprinting-23975.html (Accessed: 28 August 2019). Your Article Library (2019)  DNA Fingerprinting: Principles and Techniques of DNA Fingerprinting [Online]. Available at: http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/dna/dna-fingerprinting-principles-and-techniques-of-dna-fingerprinting/12211 (Accessed: 28 August 2019). Yourgenome.org. (2016)  What is a DNA fingerprint? [Online] Available at: https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-a-dna-fingerprint (Accessed 30 August 2019).

12. THANK YOU!