Dr Hassan Ahmed Gulled Intr. Nutrition (1).pptx

Dr Hassan Ahmed Gulled Intr. Nutrition (1).pptx

1. INTRODUCTION TO NUTRITION

2. FOOD Any substance used for energy, physical growth, development and repair or rebuilding in the body can be termed as food . It means, any such substance which after consumption, helps in producing heat or energy, formation of new tissues, repair of tissues and carrying the physiological processes, can be called food .

3. FUNCTION OF FOOD Physical growth and development. Production of energy or power. Enhancement of tissues working capacity. Protection against diseases.

4. NUTRITION

5. INTRODUCT I ON The term “ Nutrition ” is derived from “ Nourish ” which implies the food consumed by us and all the reactions through which it is utilized for physical growth, energy and better health. Nutrition plays an important role in healthy living and prevention of diseases. Nutrition is most important indicator in determining the health status of an individual, family and community and the nation.

6. DEFINITION “ Nutrition is the study of food and nourishment .” “ The scientific study of food and nourishment, including food composition, dietary guidelines and the roles that various nutrients have in maintaining health .”

7. NUTRIEN T S Nutrients are organic and inorganic compounds found in diet. Ordinarily, we get many nutrients in food but there is no such food item which contains all the nutrients. Every food item contains more than one nutrient.

8. MACRONUTRI E NTS Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are kept in this category. These are the bulk of food and rare the main sources of energy. A macronutrient breakdown of 20%-30% fat , 30% protein and 40%-50% carbohydrates .

9. MICRONUTRIENTS This category includes minerals and vitamins. These are required in small quantities and called as micronutrients

10. F AC T ORS AFFECTING NUTRITION AND PLANNING OF MEALS

11. 1. Age Age affects the normal diet. Children need more nutrients as compared to adults. Energy producing and body food is their major need. Similarly, quantity of protective food is determined according to age groups. The adult population requires calorie rich food while the ageing population requires less amount of energy due to reduce activities.

12. 2. Sex N u tr i t i on a nd b a l a nc e d diet i s di f fe r ent in men and women. o f m a l es is The n u tr i t i onal re q u i re m ent greater than those of females. Due to difference in body size and physical activity, man needs more energy. During menstruation, due to loss of blood, women need more iron. Similarly, women need more nutritious diet during pregnancy and lactation.

13. 3. Income and Number of Members If the income of a person is higher, he can purchase various food items in sufficient quantities so, rich person's diet may be more nutritious. Similarly, the number of members in a family also affects the nutritional status and choice of food. Even when the income is similar, the standard of diet in small family is much better than that of a large family.

14. 4. Occupation Some occupations involve hard physical labor while in some, mental tension is more common. A labor needs more protein and energy as compared to an office goer.

15. 5. Cultural Factors Human life, like other factors, cannot remain Cultural factors. Malnutrition or under nutrition, imbalanced or extraordinary dietary conditions, may occur cultural beliefs and traditions. Food habits, customs food fads have an important role in meal planning and nutrition.

16. 6 . Food Availability If the resources are limited, food crops are not enough or particular agriculture crop is more or less, than nutrition of common men is surely affected. Although they have the purchasing capacity, over population is the main problem to face the under nutrition in our country.

17. 7 . Food Laws and Food Safety If the food safety laws are implemented in a leak-proof manner, then the nutrition status of country men can be increased. Food laws have a direct impact on nutrition .

18. REL A TIOSHIP TO HEATH

19. 1. Physical and Mental Growth Nutrition is essential for the physical and mental development and day to day energy requirements in the human from childhood to old age. This requirement is greater in childhood and young age and is reduced in the eldest people. In other words, maintenance of human health is no possible in the absence of proper nutrition. Growth and development are directly related to diet and nutrition.

20. If the diet is not sufficient and balanced, lead to malnutrition. Right from childhood to any age group can be a victim of deficiencies. Every nutrient has its role in growth and development of body and nervous tissue requires.

21. 2. Specific Nutritional Diseases The root cause behind the protein calorie malnutrition, anaemia , dysentery etc. are different nutritional problems. These health problems can be tackled by altering or balancing the diet.

22. 3. Immunity Due to malnutrition, resistance of an individual decreases while susceptibility to infection increases. Good and proper nutrition protects the individual from diseases, while under nutrition invites diseases like tuberculosis.

23. 4. Maternal Child and Family Health The health of the vulnerable sections of the community (expectant mothers and children under 14 years of age) is directly and closely related to nutrition. Nutrition is an important factor in high maternal and infant mortality Similarly, the health status of those family is higher where nutrition is adequate and balanced.

24. If the pregnant mother does not get sufficient nutrition, low birth weight baby is born that may suffer from various diseases right from birth. The increase in maternal and infant mortality rate is also due to lack of proper diet during pregnancy.

25. 5. Non-Communicable Diseases Many studies indicate that disease like diabetes, coronary heart diseases, hypertension and cancer also have relation with nutritional upsets.

26. 6. Primary Health Care For the achievement of “Health for all”, nutrition is one out of the eight components of primary health care which prove the importance of nutrition in health. Nutrition is an Important determinant of the national health policy. In short, it can be said that health and nutrition cannot be separated.

27. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHANGING NUTRITIONAL SCENRIO

28. 1. Population Growth High population growth makes direct or indirect influence on development processes and nutritional status of citizens.

29. 2. Urban Migration Rural population is moving towards cities for better possible opportunities of employment , health and learning that are available in urban areas. In result, cities are overcrowded .

30. 5. Social Media Social media is playing important role in changing lifestyle of citizens. It is also affecting nutrition of our country. Public awareness has increased and new nutrition wishes and dishes are taking plan one's .