Drugs_on_Respiratory_System_BSc_Nursing.pptx

Drugs on respiratory system

1. Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System B.Sc. Nursing 3rd Semester Notes

2. 1. Bronchodilators Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists (SABA: Salbutamol, LABA: Salmeterol) Anticholinergics (Ipratropium, Tiotropium) Methylxanthines (Theophylline, Aminophylline)

3. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists Mechanism: Stimulate beta-2 receptors causing bronchodilation Indications: Asthma, COPD Side Effects: Tremors, Tachycardia Nursing: Monitor heart rate, Educate on inhaler use

4. Anticholinergics & Methylxanthines Mechanism: Block muscarinic receptors / inhibit phosphodiesterase Indications: COPD, Asthma Side Effects: Dry mouth, Nausea, Seizures (toxicity) Nursing: Monitor levels, Avoid caffeine, Rinse mouth

5. 2. Anti-inflammatory Drugs Corticosteroids (Inhaled: Budesonide, Oral: Prednisolone) Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (Montelukast)

6. Corticosteroids Mechanism: Inhibit inflammatory mediators Indications: Asthma, Allergies Side Effects: Oral candidiasis, Hyperglycemia Nursing: Rinse mouth, Don’t stop abruptly

7. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Mechanism: Block leukotriene receptors Indications: Asthma, Allergic rhinitis Side Effects: Headache, GI upset Nursing: Not for acute attacks, Give in evening

8. 3. Antihistamines First Gen: Diphenhydramine, Second Gen: Cetirizine Mechanism: Block H1 receptors Use: Allergic rhinitis, Cold Side Effects: Drowsiness (1st gen), Dry mouth

9. 4. Cough Preparations Antitussives: Codeine, Dextromethorphan (Dry cough) Expectorants: Guaifenesin (Productive cough) Mucolytics: Acetylcysteine (Thick mucus)

10. 5. Nasal Decongestants Examples: Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine Mechanism: Vasoconstriction of nasal vessels Side Effects: Rebound congestion, Hypertension Nursing: Limit use to 3–5 days

11. 6. Oxygen Therapy Used in hypoxia, COPD, respiratory failure Nursing: Monitor saturation, Prevent toxicity

12. Summary Table Bronchodilators – Asthma, COPD Anti-inflammatory – Asthma, Allergy Antihistamines – Rhinitis, Allergy Cough Drugs – Dry & Wet Cough Decongestants – Nasal Congestion Oxygen Therapy – Hypoxia