DRY CELL

dry cell and their types
what they consists of
how they work
applications and importance of dry cell

1. F.Y. B.Tech
Aditya Bulbule

2. DRY CELL

3. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS DRY CELL ?
A voltaic cell in which the electrolyte is in the form of a moist paste or
gel that cannot spill.
Thebasicmechanismofadrycellistoconvertchemicalenergyinto
electricalenergy.
It is a type of battery, commonly used for portable electrical devices.
It was developed in 1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner, after
development of wet zinc-carbon batteries by Georges Leclanché in
1866.

4. HISTORY….
1798 : Italian
physicist ‘Count
Alessandro
Volta’ built his
first ‘voltaic pile’.
1888 :German
scientist Dr. Carl
Gassner
invented the dry
cell, a cell much
like today’s
carbon-zinc
batteries.
1896 :Columbia,
a dry cell
battery
manufactured
by EVERYDAY
battery
company
became first
commercially
available battery
sold in US.
1898 :First ‘D
size’ battery
was introduced.
1960 :AAAA
size battery was
commercially
introduced.

5. THE FIGURE BELOW SHOWS A GENERAL DRY CELL

6. CONSTRUCTION:
Adrycellconsistsofazinccontainerwhosebaseactsas
thenegativeelectrode.
Thecarbonrodplacedatthecenterwithabrasscapacts
asthepositiveelectrode.
Thisissurroundedbyamixtureofmanganese
dioxideandcharcoal.
Theelectrolyteusesisamoistpasteofammonium
chloride.Theouterbody(excludingthebase)ofthezinc
containerisinsulatedwithcardboard.

7. WORKING:

8. TYPESOFDRYCELL:
DRY CELL
Zinc-carbon
cell.
Alkaline
cell.
Lithium
cell.
Mercury
cell.
Silver oxide
cell.

9. Alkaline
Cell
Silver
oxide Cell
Zinc
Carbon
Cell
Lithium
Cell
Mercury
Cell

10. Zinc Carbon Cell
Azinc–carbon batteryis adry cellprimary battery that delivers about 1.5 volts of
direct current from theelectrochemical reactionbetween zinc andmanganese
dioxide. Acarbonrod collects the current from the manganese dioxide electrode. A
dry cell is usually made of azincwhich serves as theanodewith a negative
potential, while the carbon rod is the positivecathode. It use an aqueous paste
ofammonium chlorideas electrolyte, mixed with somezinc chloridesolution.
Alkaline Cell
Alkaline batteries are a type of primary battery dependent upon the reaction between zinc metal
and manganese dioxide .Compared with zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline batteries have a higher e
longer shelf-life, with the same voltage . The alkaline battery gets its name because it has an
alkaline electrolyte of potassium hydroxide, instead of the acidic ammonium chloride or zinc
chloride electrolyte of the zinc-carbon batteries.

11. Lithium Cell
Lithium batteriesareprimarybatteriesthat havelithiumas ananode. These types of
batteries are also referred to as lithium-metal batteries . They stand apart from other
batteries in their highcharge density(long life) and high cost per unit. Depending on
the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages
from1.5V to about3.7V which arerechargeablebatteries.
Mercury Cell
Amercury battery(also calledmercuric oxide battery) is a non-
rechargeableelectrochemical battery, aprimary cell. Mercury batteries use a
reaction between mercuric oxide and zinc electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte.
The voltage during discharge remains practically constant at 1.35volts.

12. Silver Oxide Cell
Asilver-oxide batteryis aprimary cell.It usessilver(I) oxideas the
positiveelectrode(cathode),zincas the negative electrode (anode), plus
analkalineelectrolyte, usuallysodium hydroxide(NaOH) orpotassium
hydroxide(KOH).It isavailable either in small sizes asbutton cells, where the amount
of silver used is minimal and not a significant contributor to the product cost .

13. APPLICATIONS:
Zinc carbon cell-They madeflashlightsand other portable devices possible,
because the battery can function in any orientation. They are still useful in low drain
or intermittent use devices such asremote controls, flashlights, clocks.
Alkaline batteries are used in many household items such as MP3 players, CD
players, digital cameras, pagers, toys, lights, and radios.
Lithium batteries-Theseare widely used in portable consumer electronic
devices, and in electric vehicles ranging from full sized vehicles to radio controlled
toys.
Mercury batteries-These were used in the shape ofbutton cellsfor watches,
hearing aids, cameras and calculators, and in larger forms for other applications.
Silver oxide cell-These cells are mostly found in applications for the military for
example inMark 37 torpedoesor onAlfa-class submarines. In recent years they have
become important asreserve batteries for manned and unmanned spacecraft. Long
used in specialized applications, it is now being developed for more mainstream
markets, for example, batteries inlaptopsand hearing aids.

14. DRAWBACKS:
Dry cell batteries carry an inherent risk due to the chemicals inside of them. If they are
exposed to too much heat (such as being placed too close to or actually in a fire) dry
cell batteries can rupture and explode. The contents of the battery are dangerous to
people, and the chemicals are highly acidic to the skin. However, if the battery doesn't
explode but rather its case is punctured it can leak. This can cause damage inside of
electronics, but if the leak comes into contact with skin it can also cause chemical
burns.
Mistreatment during charging or discharging of an lithium ion battery can cause
outgassing of some of their contents, which can cause explosions or fire.
Due to the content oftoxic mercuryand environmental concerns about its disposal, the
sale of mercury batteries is now banned in many countries.

15. REFERENCES:
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary
/english/dry-cell
www.energizer.com/about-batteries/battery-
history
https://scienceaid.net/images/8/8e/cell4.pn
g

16. Thank You!!!