Dysmenorrhea.pptx

Dysmennorrhea

1. MENSTURAL DISORDERS DYSMENORRHEA Presented by: Suvetha.g TUtor Vmcon.

2. Definition: Dysmenorrhea is Menstural condition characterized by severe and frequent menstural cramps and pain associated with mensuration. Pain tends to peak 24 hours after onset of menses and subside after 2 to 3 days.

3. It is usually sharp but may be cramping, throbbing or dull constant ache, it may radiate to the legs. While most women experience minor pain during mensuration, dysmenorrhea is diagnosed when the pain is so severe so as to limit normal activities or require medications.

4. TYPES OF DYSMENORRHEA : 1.Primary Dysmenorrhea : Often it begins soon after a pre-teen or teen starts having periods. Pain is severe and frequent menstural cramping caused by severe and abnormal uterine contractions. RISK FACTORS : Early age at menarche< 12 years Nullipara Heavy or prolonged menstural flow

5. Smoking Alcohol Positive family history Obesity or overweight. SYMPTOMS: Backache Leg pain Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Headache and dizziness.

6. 2.Secondary Dysmenorrhea : secondary Dysmenorrhea is cramps caused by anathor medical problems such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, cervical narrowing, uterine malposition, tubo-ovarian abscess, ovarian cyst, pelvic tumors or an IUD intra uterine devices. This condition usually occurs in older women. It usually begins well after the age of onset of mensuration, sometimes as late as tge third or fourth decade of life.

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Molecular compounds called prostaglandins are released during mensuration, due to the destruction of endometrial cells and resultant release of their contents. Released prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators causes uterus to contract and resulting in temporary oxygen deprivation to nearby tissues which causes pain These substances are thought to be a major factor in primary Dysmenorrhea

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION: Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea often begin immediately following ovulation amd can last until the end of mensuration This is because Dysmenorrhea is often associated with changes un Harmonal levels in body that occur with ovulation. The main symptom of Dysmenorrhea is pain concentrates in the lower abdomen, in the umbilical region or suprapubic region of the abdomen It may radiate to thighs and lower back

9. Other symptoms includes nausea and vomiting Diarrhea or constipation Headache Dizziness Disorientation Hypersensitivity to sound,light,smell and touch Fainting Fatigue

10. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION : Medical history Complete physical examination including a pelvic examination. A diagnosis of Dysmenorrhea can only be certain when the physician rules out other menstural disorders, Medical condition or medications that may cause or aggravating the condition. Ultrasound MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

11. MANAGEMENT : For treatment of primary Dysmenorrhea antiprostaglandin drugs or NSAIDS such as aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen or naproxen. These drugs inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins, lessen the contractions of uterus and reduces the menstural flow. These drugs should be started at the onset of bleeding and taken foe 2-3 days. Oral contraceptives are anathor alternative. These drugs stops ovulation and decrease prostaglandin levels,which may eliminate cramps.

12. Treatment of secondary Dysmenorrhea depends on the cause. Treatment methods may vary from conservative drug therapy to surgical procedures. Several nutritional supplements have been indicated as effective in treating Dysmenorrhea including omega 3 fatty acids, magnesium, vitamin E, zinc and thiamine( vitaminB1). Non drug therapies are also suggested including acupuncture, acupressure,meditation etc.

13. NURSING MANAGEMENT : Advice the patient to take hot bath which helps in realaxtion of uterus and reduces pain Place a heating pad on abdomen ,the flow of heat can provide soothing, temporary pain relief. Advice to do regular exercise including walking