E-Introduction To Dental Anatomy-Part 1 (1).pptx

Introduction to dental anatomy and dental uses

1. Introduction to Human Dentition (Functions and Terms, Anatomical Landmarks) Presented by: Inas Helwa , PhD Lecturer of Oral Biology Department of Histopathology

2. HUMAN DENTITION DENTAL ANATOMY That is: Number of teeth Different sets of teeth Types of teeth Morphology of teeth (shape) Arrangement and relations (Occlusion) The science dealing with the anatomy and arrangement of natural teeth in the upper and lower jaw bones of human beings.

3. HUMAN DENTITION DENTAL ANATOMY The relationship between the shape and form of the tooth its inferred function because when a tooth is lost or damaged, a dentist needs to restore both Shape and Function .

4. Parts of the Tooth

5. Maxilla = Upper; Maxillary Mandible = Lower; Mandibukar

6. Quadrant . Upper right Upper left Lower right Lower left Midline

7. Upper right Upper left Lower right Lower left Midline 2 Arches 4 Quadrants 1 Midline How many sets?? How many teeth?? The Human Mouth (Oral Cavity) in Numbers

8. Quadrant . Deciduous Teeth Permanent Teeth

9. Types of Teeth

10. Types of Teeth Anterior Teeth Posterior Teeth

11. Types of Teeth Anterior Teeth Incisors Canines

12. First premolar & Second premolar Upper Lower Posterior Teeth (Premolars and Molars) Only in permanent dentition 2 per quadrant 4 per arch, 8 per mouth

13. First, second and third Upper Molars Lower Molars Wisdom tooth Third molar, only in permanent dentition Posterior Teeth (Molars)

14. Posterior Teeth (Molars) 3 per quadrant 6 per arch 12 per mouth

15. Functions of Teeth 1- Mastication : Incisors Canine Premolars Molars Chisel like Cutting or incising (Knife-like) Wedge like Cutting and tearing At least two projections (cusps). Tearing and grinding Multiple projections (cusps) Grinding And chewing

16. Well-arranged clean teeth with proper alignment gives nice appear an ce to the face Appearance Functions of Teeth Teeth give support to the facial expressions .

17. Functions of Teeth Speech: For clear pronunciation and production of sound. Growth of jaws: The teeth play a role in the growth of the jaws in some periods of life.

18. Quadrant . Deciduous Teeth Permanent Teeth Types of Human Mouth Dentition

19. Quadrant . Deciduous Teeth = Milky Teeth = Primary Teeth 20 Teeth 10 Per arch 4 Incisors 2 Canines 4 molars 5 per Quadrant 2 Incisors 1 Canines 2 molars

20. Quadrant . 32 Teeth 8 per Quadrant 16 per arch 32 in the Oral Cavity How many Incisors? How many Canines ?? Anything New ?? How many molars Permanent Teeth = Secondary =Adult = Succedaneous

21. Quadrant . Permanent Teeth = Secondary =Adult = Succedaneous 32 Teeth 8 per Quadrant 16 per arch 2 Incisors 1 Canines 2 premolars 3 molars 20 Teeth 5 Per Quadrant 10 per arch 2 Incisors 1 Canines 2 molars Deciduous Permanent

22. Deciduous Dentition (Milky Teeth)

23. Deciduous Dentition From 6 months 6 years. Eruption of Deciduous Mandibular central incisor Eruption of Permanent permanent first molar Eruption of First deciduous tooth Eruption of First Permanent tooth

24. Mixed Dentition (6 years – 12 years)

25. Mixed Dentition 6 years  12 years Eruption of first permanent molar Shedding of last primary molar

26. Permanent Dentition Begins at 12 years and extends throughout life. Only permanent teeth are present.

27. Permanent Dentition Deciduous Mixed Permanent 24 months - 6 years (Deciduous T. in action) 6 years- 12 years 12 years and on 6 month to 24 month (eruption of deciduous)

28. Primary dentition 6 m - 6 y Mixed dentition 6 y -12 y Permanent dentition 12 y and onwards Shedding : It is the physiological loss of the deciduous teeth and their subsequent replacement by permanent teeth (eruption of permanent teeth).

29. The permanent teeth that replace deciduous teeth are called succedaneous teeth. Permanent incisor. permanent canine. Permanent premolar . Note: Permanent molars are not succedaneous teeth Deciduous Teeth

30. Quadrant . The Dental Formula

31. The number of all mammalian teeth are expressed by formulae that are used to differentiate the human dentitions from those of other species. The Dental Formula

32. The Dental Formula It expresses the number and type of upper and lower teeth in one side of the arch (per half ; per quadrant). The type of each tooth is represented by its initial letter The formulae include one side only, with the number of teeth in each jaw being the same for humans. I= incisor C= canine P= premolar M= molar. (Each letter denotes a type of teeth)

33. Quadrant . The Dental Formula The dental formula of Deciduous dentition is: 2 1 2 I ­--- ,C ---- , M ---- = 5 2 1 2 5 per quadrant 5x2 = 10 per arch 10x2 =20 per mouth

34. Quadrant . The Dental Formula of permanent dentition The dental formula of permanent dentition is: 2 1 3 I ­--- ,C ---- , P M ---- = 8 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 4 4 incisors per side (upper and lower) 2 canines per side (upper and lower) 4 premlars per side (upper and lower) 6 molars per side (upper and lower)

35. Documenting patient treatment with accurate dental records is an important task in any dental practice. Permanent upper right first molar So, we must mention: Type of dentition. (P or D). Arch (U or L). Side (R or L). Tooth. Requires five words

36. Palmer Notation System International FDI System (two digit system) Universal System Teeth identification Systems ( Numbering or coding systems)

37. Palmer Notation System for permanent teeth

38. Palmer Notation System for permanent teeth Horizontal and vertical lines = symbol for the quadrant It represents the four quadrants of the dentition as if you are facing the patient. In upper right In upper left In lower right In lower left UR UL LR LL

39. Palmer Notation System for permanent teeth The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower Right Lower Left Upper Right Upper Left

40. Palmer Notation System for Deciduous (Primary) teeth The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline E D C B A Lower Right Lower Left Upper Right Upper Left A B C D E E D C B A A B C D E

41. Palmer Notation System for Deciduous (Primary) teeth

42. The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system) The teeth are designated by using two-digits: The first digit of the code is located on the left side of the number and indicates the quadrant: In permanent dentition In deciduous dentition U.R L.R U.L L.L 1 4 2 3 U.R L.R U.L L.L 5 8 6 7

43. The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system)

44. The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system)

45. The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system) The first digit is located at the left side and indicates the number of the quadrant. The two digits should be pronounced separately. First Digit = Quadrant number

46. The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system) First Digit = Quadrant number 5 6 7 8 1 2 4 3 Permanent dentition Deciduous dentition

47. The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system) The second digit is located at the right side of the quadrant number and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant. The two digits should be pronounced separately. Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant

48. The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system) 1 2 4 3 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower Right Lower Left Upper Right Upper Left

49. The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system) 5 6 7 8 E D C B A Lower Right Lower Left Upper Right Upper Left A B C D E E D C B A A B C D E

50. Universal Numbering System (ADA system)

51. Universal Numbering System (ADA system) U ses Numbers for Permanent Teeth (1 to 32). N umbers proceed clockwise from the upper right quadrant to the lower right quadrant.

52. Universal Numbering System (ADA system) U ses Capital Letters for Deciduous Teeth (A to T). Letters proceed clockwise from the upper right quadrant to the lower right quadrant.

53. Macro and Microanatomy of human teeth crown Cervical line= neck Root Apex

54. Macro and Microanatomy of human teeth Apex Cementum Periodontal ligament Alveolar bone Apical foramen Pulp cavity Enamel Dentin Gingiva Root canal Alveolar vessels and nerves

55. The FOUR Main Dental Tissues Enamel (Calcified) Dentin (Calcified) Cementum (calcified) Dental Pulp (Soft tissue) Dento -enamel junction Cemento -dentinal junction Cemento -enamel junction Enamel Dentin Cementum Dental Pulp

56. The FOUR Main Dental Tissues Enamel : Covers, Most Mineralized, 96%, Yellowish White. Cementum : Covers, 55% Medium For The Attachment, Dull Yellow, Thickness. Dentin : Surrounds The Pulp Cavities, 70% Underlying The Enamel And The Cementum, Yellow. Pulp : Housed In The Pulp Cavity, Soft Tissue, Supply.

57. 1-Coronal pulp: Pulp chamber Pulp horns 2-Radicular pulp: Root canal Apical foramen The Dental Pulp

58. The Dental Pulp The apex is the tapered end of root tip. The apical foramen is the opening at the root tip.

59. The Periodontium Is The Investing And Supporting Attachment System Of Teeth.

60. The Periodontium consists of: Two Soft Tissues Two Hard Tissues 1- Gingiva The Oral Mucous Membrane, Which Covers The Neck Of The Tooth And Part Of The Alveolar Bone. 2- Periodontal Ligament Strong Ligament that Attaches The Tooth To The Alveolar Bone 1- Cementum Covers The Anatomical Root Of The Tooth 2- Alveolar Bone The Bone Of The Jaw That Surrounds The Root Of The Tooth

61. Anatomical Crown and Root VERSUS Clinical Crown and Root

62. Clinical Crown Anatomical Root Clinical Root Anatomical Crown

63. Crown A natomical crown: Is that part of tooth covered with enamel . C inical crown: Is the portion of the tooth that is visible in the oral cavity clinically.

64. Root Anatomical root: is that part of tooth covered with cementum. Clinical root: is the portion of the tooth that is embedded in the jaw bones ( not visible in the oral cavity clinically).

65. Clinical crown - visible part of tooth above the gum line . Clinical crown

66. Anatomical And Clinical Crown And Root Gingival Recession

67. Anatomical And Clinical Crown And Root Newly Erupted Teeth