EARTH-SCI.ppt Geothermal energy presentation

Geothermal energy presentation

1. GEOTHERMAL By: Pujanes Yosores

2. GEOTHERMAL POWER Talking about energy there could be a lot of types of energy namely: solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, geothermal and hydroelectric, and many more. We will focus only on geothermal and hydroelectric in this self-learning kit. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY has been used for thousands of years in some countries for cooking and heating. It is simply power derived from the Earth’s interna l heat. This thermal energy is contained in the rock and fluids beneath Earth's crust. It can be found from shallow ground to several miles below the surface, and even farther down to the extremely hot molten rock called magma.

3. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Geothermal energy is heat derived from the Earth's interior. This heat, generated from the planet's formation and radioactive decay, can be harnessed for various applications, primarily for heating and electricity generation.

4. The adjective geothermal comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and thermos (heat). It covers all techniques used to recover the heat that is naturally present in the Earth's subsurface, particularly in aquifers, the rock reservoirs that contain groundwater. About half this thermal (or “heat”) energy comes from the residual heat produced when the planet was formed 4.5 billion years ago and about half from natural radioactivity.

5. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY The Different Types of Geothermal Energy Geothermal technologies differ with the temperature of geothermal water, which determines what can be done with it: At 20 °C to 90 °C, geothermal heat and water are used for geothermal heating. This is called low-temperature geothermal energy. At 90 °C to 160 °C, the water is used on the surface in liquid form. it transfers its heat to another fluid, which vaporizes at low temperature and drives a turbine to generate power. This is called medium - temperature geothermal energy. Attemperaturesabove160 °C, the water fums into steam when it reaches the Earth's surface. It drives turbines to generate power. This is called high - temperature geothermal energy. Medium and high - temperature geothermal energy is used in a wide variety of applications. In industry, for example. geothermal water and steam can be used to wash and dry wool. They can also be used to manufacture pulp or treat biomass.

6. To produce geothermal generated electricity, wells, sometimes a mile (1.6 kilometers) deep or more, are drilled into underground reservoirs to fap steam and very hot water that drive turbines linked to electricity generators.There are three types of geothermal power plants: dry steam. flash, and binary. Dry steam, the oldest geothermal technology. Takes steam out of fractures in the ground and uses it to directly drive a turbine. Flash plants pull deep, high-pressure hot water into cooler, low-pressure water. The steam that results from this process is used to drive the turbine. In binary plants, the hot water is passed by a secondary fluid with a much lower boiling point than water. This causes the secondary fluid to turn to vapor, which then drives a turbine. Most geothermal power plants in the future will be binary plants.

7. POWER PLANTSPower plants use steam produced from geothermal reservoirs to generate electricity. There are three geothermal power plant technologies being used to convert hydrothermal fluids to electricity-dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. The type

8. Dry Steam Power PlantsOldest and simplest type.Uses steam directly from underground reservoirs to turn turbines and generate electricity.Example location: The Geysers in California, USA. Flash Steam Power PlantsMost common type today.Hot water (above 182°C) is brought up from the earth.As pressure drops, it “flashes” into steam, which drives the turbine.Any remaining water is often re-injected into the earth. Binary Cycle Power PlantsWorks with lower-temperature water (below 182°C).The geothermal water heats a secondary fluid (with a lower boiling point) through a heat exchanger.The secondary fluid vaporizes and turns the turbine.No geothermal fluids touch the turbine, making it environmentally friendly.

9. SUMMARY: Geothermal comes from the Greek words "geo" (earth) and "thermos" (heat). Thermal energy, contained in the earth, can be used directly to supply heat or can be converted to mechanical or electrical energy. There are three geothermal power plant technologies being used to convert hydrothermal fluids to electricity-dry steam, flash steam and binary cycle. Geothermal energy works by injecting cool water into the ground and hot water is pumped up and heat is used to produce steam and that steam is used to power turbine generators to produce electricity. Hydropower is a form of renewable energy that uses the water stored in dams, as well as flowing in rivers to create electricity in hydropower plants.There are three main types of hydropower plants: impoundment facilities, pumped storage facilities, run-of-river facilities and hydroelectric power plant has three main components: dam, penstock and powerhouse. That works together for harnessing the power of the water to create energy. And hydropower is fueled by water, so it's a clean fuel source, which means it won't pollute the airlike power plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas.

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