Earth-Science-Quarter1-Lesson8.docx.pptx

earth and science

1. ORE MINERALS Describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed for human use.

2. Objectives 1. Identify and describe the ore minerals and how they are found 2. Trace how the ore minerals are processed 3. Demonstrate understanding of the different ore minerals and how it affects our economy and society 4. Exhibit awareness of the effects of over-exploitation of the minerals

3. Rock Seam or Ore 2 It is a natural rock or sediment containing one or more valuable mineral. It is a metalliferous mineral, or an aggregate of metalliferous minerals and gangue ( associated rock of no economic value ), that can be mined at a profit. Chrysotile Asbestos Mineral Seam in Rock

4. Mineral Ores 3 These are rock deposits that contain minerals.

5. Mineral Ores 4 These are rock deposits that contain minerals.

6. Mineral and Ore Deposit 5 Mineral deposit designates a natural occurrence of a useful mineral. It is a “geologic term”. Ore deposit denotes a mineral deposit of sufficient extent and concentration to invite exploitation. It is an “economic term”. Map of Mineral Deposits in the Philippines

7. 6 Typical development workings of an underground mine. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

8. 7 How Minerals are Found? “Mineral Exploration”

9. Mineral Exploration 8 It is a complete sequence of activities which aims to discover deposits of minerals and rocks that can be used to meet the resource needs of society

10. History of Mining 14 Flint – the first mineral used. It is because of its conchoidal fracturing pattern, could be broken into sharp- edged pieces that were useful as scrapers, knives, and arrowheads. Archaeological discoveries indicate that mining was conducted in prehistoric times.

11. Mining 15 It is the process of mineral extraction from a rock seam or ore. It is the process of extracting useful minerals from the surface of the Earth, including the seas.

12. T ypes of Mining 16 Two (2) Main Methods of Mining Surface Mining Open-Pit Mining Dredging Strip Mining Quarrying Placer Mining Underground Mining

13. 17

14. 18 T ypes of Mining Surface Mining - Utilized to extract ore minerals that are close to Earth’s surface. There are different types which includes: Open- pit mining – It is the most common. It means a big hole (or pit) in the ground. The pit in mine is created by blasting with explosives and drilling. It is used to mine gravel and sand and even rock.

15. 19 T ypes of Mining 1) Surface Mining Dredging – It is the process of mining materials from the of a body of water, rivers, lakes, and bottom including oceans.

16. 20 T ypes of Mining 1) Surface Mining Strip mining – It involves the removal of a thin strip of overburden (earth or soil) above a desired deposit, the removed overburden the deposit, extracting the dumping behind desired deposit, creating a second, parallel strip in the same manner, and depositing the waste materials from that second (new) strip onto the first strip. This mining method is used for coal, phosphates, clays, and tar mining.

17. 21 T ypes of Mining Quarrying – Quarrying is the process of removing rock, sand, gravel or other minerals from the ground in order to use them to produce materials for construction or other uses. So, a quarry is any such working on the surface of the earth where minerals are extracted. 1) Surface Mining

18. 21 T ypes of Mining Placer Mining – It is mining of stream bed (alluvial) deposits for minerals. This may be done by open-pit or by various surface excavating tunneling equipment. 1) Surface Mining

19. T ypes of Mining 22 2) Underground Mining - Utilized to extract ore minerals from the orebody is that is deep under the Earth’s surface.

20. 23 How Minerals are processed for human use? “Milling or Mineral Processing”

21. Milling or Mineral Processing 25 It is the process of extracting minerals from the ore, refining them, and preparing these minerals for use. It is an art of treating crude ores and mineral products in order to separate the valuable minerals from the waste rock, or gangue.

22. Milling or Mineral Processing 26 Primary Steps in Processing Minerals is the process where the valuable components of the ore are separated through crushing and grinding. Sampling - is the removal of a portion which represents a whole needed for the analysis of this material. Analysis - is important to evaluate the valuable component in an ore. This includes chemical, mineral and particle size analysis. Comminution - Concentration - involves the separation of the valuable minerals from the raw materials Dewatering - This involve filtration and sedimentation of the suspension and drying of the solid materials harvested from this suspension.