Education

education system in india

1. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES – BENGALURU COLLEGE OF SERICULTURE CHINTAMANI AEX-201(1+1), Fundamentals of extension education and rural development .

2. EDUCATION MEANING: E ducation is the production of desirable changes in knowledge( things known), attitude( things felt) and skills(things done), either in all or one or more of human behaviour. DEFINITION: E ducation is the process of developing capabilities of the individuals so that they can adequately respond to their situations.

3. TYPES OF EDUCATION According to Coombs and Ahmed(1974) there are 3 types of education FORMAL EDUCATION: It is the highly institutionalized, chronologically graded and hierarchically structured ‘education system’, spanning lower primary school and the upper reaches of the university.

4. 2) INFORMAL EDUCATION: It is the lifelong process by which every person acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills ,attitudes and insights from daily experiences and exposure to the environment at home , at work , at play etc.

5. 3) NON-FORMAL EDUCATION: It is an organized, systematic , educational activity carried on outside the framework of the formal system to provide selected types of learning to particular sub-groups in the population, adults as well as children according to their needs. eg: agricultural extension

6. Difference between formal and non-formal education Formal education Teaching is largely confined to the premises of the institution. The learners are homogeneous with common goals. Strict adherence to institutional norms and no free choice for the learners. Non-formal education Teaching is largely outside the four walls of the institution. The learners are heterogeneous and have diverse goals. Freedom and choice of subject matter left to the learners.

7. There is a fixed curriculum, after completion of which the students are examined and degrees are awarded. Knowledge flows from teacher to the learners. The teacher only instructs the students. There is no fixed curriculum. It is flexible depending on the needs of the learners . No examinations are held and no degrees are awarded. The extension agent also learns from those whom he or she teaches. The extension agent teaches a great deal through local leaders.

8. Formal education starts with the theoretical and works up to the practical. Extension education starts with practical situation of the learners in which they live and work, and develops into theoretical or basic understanding of them.

9. Key elements in non-formal education. In non-formal education, six key elements have been identified by Etling , Radhakrishna and Bowen(1993). 1) Non formal education is education centered . Emphasis is on learning rather than on teaching. The learner participates in determining the educational objectives and exerts substantial control over the content and methods. Local initiative, self-help and innovation are encouraged in order to e quip learners to analyze critically and take action to resolve their own practical problems.

10. 2) There are variety, options and flexibility in curriculum, which are generated primarily by the learners. 3) Informal human relationships are essential. 4) Reliance on local resources, which means that costs are kept low without sacrificing quality. 5) Educational content and methodology are directly related to learners lifestyles and have immediate use. 6) Less bureaucratic control and more decentralization allow local approaches to the solution of local problems.

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